#4986. ܸƤƤ봶ò ([2022-12-21-1])#4987. ѸδòλȤȽ19 ([2022-12-22-1]) ³ƴò "!" 夲ƤܸǤϡִòפΤ֤ۤӤäޡסֱס֤ס֥ޡס֥ݥȡפʤɤθƤ̾褦ѸǤ⤤ĤθƾΤ롥OED exclamation, n. admiration, n. 꼡̤ꡥ碌ƽ⼨
4c. note of exclamation, point of exclamation, also (originally U.S.) exclamation mark, exclamation point: a punctuation mark (!) indicating an exclamation; ; cf. note (also mark, point, sign) of admiration at ADMIRATION n. Phrases 2. Also figurative.
1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 271 A note of Exclamation or Admiration, thus noted!
P2. note (also mark, point, sign) of admiration: = exclamation mark at EXCLAMATION n. 4c.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Admiratif Th' admirative point, or point of admiration (and of detestation) marked, or made thus !
admiration θƾΤϸߤǤϤۤȤɻȤʤ褦ѸˤǤνФ exclamation ᤤե admiratif Υԥ졼Τ褦
1755ǯ Johnson μǤϡò EXCLAMATION ι3ȤƵƤ롥

Ƥ̾ϢươѸˤòλѤˤϤʹߤΤȤǤ롥ۤɸŤ櫓ǤϤʤϸŪʶ˰Ūˤ뤳ȤǤ롥Ϣơ#575. Ū punctuation ˤ500ǯۤɡ ([2010-11-23-1])#2666. Ѹʶˡ ([2016-08-14-1]) ʤɤȤ줿
ε#4986. ܸƤƤ봶ò ([2022-12-21-1]) ǡܸˤ봶òˡǧΥͥåȾǤܸѤǤϴò䤬˰ۤɻȤƤ뤬伫ȤĤĤѤƤޤηϡεˤ̤ꡤ̯19Ⱦ餢äˤϤäΤ
ѸǤϤɤȤСϤ괶ò¿ѤƤޤä褦ǡȤȽϸԤȤ19餢äȤCrystal (177) Ѹζ˴ؤܤǼΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥Mark Twain (1835-1910) о줷Ƥ롥
No other punctuation mark has attracted such criticism in modern times as the exclamation mark. The antagonism isn't restricted to pedantic stylists. Some very well-known authors have taken against them. Mark Twain opens his essay 'How to Tell a Story' (1897) by warning comic writers against the depressing habit of shouting at the reader, including the use of 'whooping exclamation-points', which, he says, makes him 'want to renounce joking and lead a better life'. And there's a much-quoted remark attributed to F Scott Fitzgerald: 'Cut out all these exclamation points', adding 'An exclamation point is like laughing at your own joke.' Repeated marks attract particular criticism. One of the characters in Terry Pratchett's Discworld novel Eric (1990) insists that 'Multiple exclamation marks are a sure sign of a diseased mind.'
The antipathy seems to have set in during the late nineteenth century, as part of a general feeling that writers, editors, and printers had rather overdone their preference for heavy punctuation. We see exclamation marks littering the pages in editions of Shakespeare, for instance. Take this line from Romeo and Juliet when the Nurse tries to wake Juliet (4.5.12). Modern editions (such as Arden, Oxford, Penguin) print it thus:
What, dressed, and in your clothes, and down again?
The Albion edition of the plays (1889) prints it thus:
What, dress'd! and in your clothes! and down again!
òϡɤȤƤܤդƤ뤵ΤΩˤʤưפ˻ȤäƤޤòϽ˲Ѥ¥褦äƤΤ
Crystal, David. Making a Point: The Pernickety Story of English Punctuation. London: Profile Books, 2015.
1212īʹΡֳŷפˤơܸˤ봶ò (exclamation_mark) ѤƤؤ⤷äΤȴ褷ưѤ롥 *
줫ܸǴò䤬¸ߴ⤷ʤ
. . . .
綶ԡڶʣˤˤȡܤǴò䤬˻ȤϤΤϣǯ꤫顥Ȥ櫓ο͵Ȥä̯ʤӤߤ礦ˤȤϡʤ̯ϡ֥ۥפȸƤȤ
. . . .
ɽijʤ礦ˡ٤ȡؤɱ٤ɤǤߤޤɿפ̡ɤ顪ʸʸ˴ò䤬¿롥Ǥ˵§ʤʪΥǤǤ⡥ɤߤʤܤФ
̯ˤ٤ϤäޥǤĤΤϣĤޤǡȤξˡϸʤ㤭Ȥòǯ⤷ޡ郎ޥۤβ̤Ӹλ餤˶äȤ
ܸˤ봶òλѤˤĤơض桤Ѽŵ٤Ĵ٤Ƥߤޤޤ⤷ܤϡؼŵ٤ (pp. 32--35) ߤΤμŵ餷ΤäƤޤäòʥޡݥȡӤäޡ졤ˤλˡΥݥȤʬȴФưʲ˰Ѥ롥
[1] ʸζ1ġʸդơ䴶ιޤɽ
(A) θդȯ줿Ȥɽ
(B) òʸդ롥
(C) ̿ʸޤػߡٹʤɤɽʸդơ̿ᡦػߡٹɽ
(D) ʿʸʤɤդơưòʳäܤʤɡʪδ𡦻פɽ
(E) ʤɤդơưĴ롥"Bang!" ʤɡ
(F) ʸʹθФʤɤǡλĴ롥
[2] ʸǡ[1] ƱͤѤ롥20(1887)ǯȤ
(A) θդȯ줿Ȥɽ
(B) ưòʳäܤꡦ硦ʤɡʪδ𡦻פĴ롥
(C) ®ưưɤʤɤɽ졦ָդơưĴ롥
(D) ʸɸ졤ʹθФʤɤǡλĴ롥εԡ褤贰סֹס֡ߡˡȿСפʤɡ
[3] ʸθΤȤơäʤɤεʬɽʡˤ뤬ʡˤʤǤΤޤ뤳Ȥ⤢롥
[4] ⡦̡ʤɤǡäΥäФ˴òơäʤɤεɽȤ롥
[5] ¿ѷΤʤˡ֡פơդƤӤޡȤ롥ƻϩɸɸˤǤϡ֤¾δפɽٲɸ
[6] ɸ̾ʤɤǤȤʸդƻȤ롥"YAHOO!®" ʤɡ
[7] ؤǡn!פɸƳɽ1 n ޤǤϢ³뼫٤Ƴݤ碌롥5! (=54321) ʤɡ
[8] δǡɽ
1 ĴȤơ!!סŴòˡ!!!סʻŴòˤȤ롥
2 ܤò碌ơפȤ⤤
ֳŷפȡض桤Ѽŵ٤̤ơθͳδòˤĤƳؤ֤Ȥ¿äòȴϢơ#574. punctuation 4Ĥεǽ ([2010-11-22-1]) #3891. Ѹ͡ʶɵλ١ ([2019-12-22-1]) ⻲ȡ
شۼŵԽԡˡض桤Ѽŵ١شۡ2007ǯ
ѸƱޥե٥åȤѤʸΤʤǤ⡤ˡ (punctuation) ˴ؤƤŪñ롥Ūʶɵ椬ФäΤ500ǯ餤Ǥꡤο¿ʤ (cf. #575. Ū punctuation ˤ500ǯۤɡ ([2010-11-23-1])) ޤʸΤΤ26ʸʤˡեɥĸʤɤˤߤ롤ʸμդդüȯʹ (diacritical mark; cf. #870. diacritical mark ([2011-09-14-1])) ⸶§ȤѤʤˡΰʸǤ϶ɵ椬˻Ȥ褦ˤʤäƤƤȤ롥net_speak ʤɤǤϡʶɵλˡ߽ФƤ뤳ȤΤǤꡤˡȯŸߤޤäƤޤä櫓ǤϤʤ褦 (cf. #808. smileys or emoticons ([2011-07-14-1]))
ơ100ΥꥫѸνեѥ Brown Corpus ѤĴˤȡѸμפʶɵλ (%) ϼ̤Ȥ (Cook 92)
| Commas | 47 |
| Full stops | 45 |
| Dashes | 2 |
| Parentheses | 2 |
| Semi-colons | 2 |
| Question marks | 1 |
| Colons | 1 |
| Exclamation marks | 1 |
[2010-05-31-1]εָѸ˵äƤѲפ[2011-01-11-1]εָѸʸˡѲΰפǡѸƤѲΰϤγǤäŪʰϺʤΤǡBarber, Bauer, Fennell, Potter, Leech et al. ¾νʸǼ夲Ƥ褦ʸѲѰۤιܤѤˤޤȤΤȤ줿ޤܤιȺ٤Ū濴˿Τ "PDE linguistic changes and variations in spoken and written varieties of present-day Standard British and/or American English" Ǥ롥ܤȤƤϡȤ줿
̻ŪѲȶŪѰۤζ̤ۣǤꡤΤ˸ѲȤߤʤ뤫ɤ路⤢뤫⤷ʤޤäľΥ٥ǸѲȸΩƤƤeޤޤƤ롥ˡ٤ƸѸǿʹѲǤϤ뤬¿ϸѸǻϤޤäѲǤϤʤ¿϶Ѹ顤뤤Ѹ³ƤѲǤꡤˤäƤˤդιܤ⡤ѸƤѲȤƤߤʤ뤫ɤڤͤܤǤϤ롥
ѸνդǤ punctuation ֶˡפβ̤礭period, comma, colon, semicolon, hyphen, apostrophe, question mark, exclamation mark, quotation marks Ϥᡤasterisk, italics, bold type, capitalisation, indentation ʤɤ punctuation ιǤȹͤƤ褤MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers The Chicago Manual of Style ʤɤǤ϶ˡεϤ٤Ƥꡤºݤʪ϶ˡˤΤǤ롥ޤǸȤ⡤̤νɤ⡤ˡ䤹ɤߤ䤹˴ط뤳ȤΤäƤꡤʤ̤Ƥ뤳ȤǧƤ롥
Crystal (278) ˤСpunctuation ˤϾʤȤ4Ĥεǽ롥
(1) grammatical: "to enable stretches of written language to be read coherently, by displaying their grammatical structure"
(2) prosodic: "representing the intonation and emphasis of spoken language"
(3) semantic/rhetorical: "highlight semantic units or contrasts present in the text but not directly related to its grammatical structure"
(4) semantic/graphic: "add a semantic dimension, unique to the graphic medium, which it would be difficult or impossible to read aloud"
punctuation ȤäƤ˻פĤΤϡ(1) grammatical ӤʸȤŪñ̤ڤΤ period Ѥ롤̴طΤ comma Ѥ롤ȸ̤Τ space Ѥʤɤ punctuation ŵŪˡ
(2) prosodic ʵǽȤϡquestion mark Ǿ徺ĴǤȤexclamation mark Ǹ쵤ɽʤɤǤ롥
(3) semantic/rhetorical Ϲ̣ʸŪʵǽȹͤƤ褤⤷ʤsemicolon 뤳ȤˤäƱĴɽꡤʸǹʬ stanza ɽˡѤʤɤ롥
(4) äդбΤʤ̣˹뵡ǽǡ֤פɽ魯 scare quotes 䡤Ĵ *VERY IMPORTANT* ʤɤȥƥꥹǶʸ뵻ˡʤɤȤʤ롥
Żҥʸ˽ϤƤ punctuation ˤ͡ʿѤиĤĤ롥Ѳϡפ components ( see [2010-05-09-1] ) Τߤʤ餺punctuation Τ褦ʼŪ component Ǥμ¤Ƥ롥ǤϡˤϤɤäѸˤˤƤ punctuation ϾѲƤγפεǡ
Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.
Powered by WinChalow1.0rc4 based on chalow