[2010-12-08-1]ε#590. last name ϤĤ̳ŪˤʤäפǡΥޥʹߡɤ̾ last name դȯãȤ夲
last name ŵϡof ȼäƽпϤʤɤ̾ѤΤǤꡤκǤͭ̾ʽ1ĤThe Owl and the Nightingale l. 191 ˸ʤƺԤοͤǤϤʤȵ Mayster Nichol of Guldeuorde Ǥ롥Atkins (19) ǤϼΤ褦롥
191. Maister Nichole of Guldeforde. The full designation of Nicholas is not without its interest, pointing as it does to certain changes characteristic of the 11th and 12th centuries. Under Norman influence the single personal names of the O.E. period had become supplemented by surnames denoting, amongst other things, place of birth. Thus in the later sections of the A. S. Chron. such names as Rotbert de Bælesne 81104), Willelm of Curboil (1123), Hugo of Mundford (1123) are found.
ͭ̾˸¤櫓ǤϤʤͤɽ魯̾̾ȤӤĤ of ˤĤƤϡOED "of", prep. 47.a. 롥 of ΰ̣ϡ?пȤΡ?褿פǤꡤűѸ an monn of ðǣre byriȝ Ða men of Lunden byriȝ ʤɤ˸뤬11ˤɬм櫓ǤϤʤ?˽פȤ°ΰ̣ؤѲƤä
Ϣơ[2011-07-19-1]ε#813. Ѹο̾ˡפȡ
Atkins, J. W. H., ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. New York: Russel & Russel, 1971. 1922.
ֻ졤³졤ư졤졤̾졤طʤɤǽ (function word) 뤤ʸˡ (grammatical word) ȸƤФ졤äȤƤĤ (closed class) ȸ롥̾졤ư졤ƻ졤Ƹ (content word) ȸƤФ졤 (open class) 롥
塤ĤȤϡ˴ޤޤοͭ¤Ǥꡤʸùܤɲä뤳ȤʤäŪʰ뤳ȤǤ뤳Ȥްդ뤬ºݤˤĤؿùܤɲäȤȤϤ롥㤨СֻϡĤ1ĤǤϤ뤬ޤޤƤοŪ¿ʤĤ¿ˤβǥꥹȤ˲äƤùܤǤ롥ʣ¾ʻ줫ˤ줿ֻ⾯ʤʤ
ʲϡQuirk et al. (Sections 9.7--9.8, 9.10--9.11) ˵ƤȼʬˤֻΰΤǤ롥Ѹˤֻۤ줬äΤȶäФ
1. Simple prepositions
(a) Monosyllabic prepositions
as, at, but, by, down, for, from, in, like, near (to), of, off, on, out, past, per, pro, qua, re, round, sans, since, than, through (thru), till, to, up, via, while, with
(b) Polysyllabic prepositions
about, above, across, after, against, agin, along, alongside, amid(st), among(st), anti, around, atop, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, between (tween, twixt), beyond, circa, despite, during, except, inside, into, notwithstanding, onto, opposite, outside, outwith, over, pace, pending, throughout, toward(s), under, underneath, unlike, until, unto, upon, versus (v, vs), vis-à-vis, within, without
2. Marginal prepositions
bar, barring, excepting, excluding; save
concerning, considering, regarding, respecting, touching
failing, wanting
following, pending
given, granted, including
less, minus, plus, times, over
worth
3. Complex prepositions
(a) Two-word sequences
up against, as per
as for, but for, except for
apart from, aside from, away from, as from
ahead of, as of, back of, because of, devoid of, exclusive of, inside of, instead of, irrespective of, off of, out of, outside of, regardless of, upwards of, void of
according to, as to, close to, contrary to, due to, near(er) (to), next to, on to, owing to, preliminary to, preparatory to, previous to, prior to, pursuant to, subsequent to, thanks to, up to
along with, together with
à la, apropos (of)
(b) Three-word sequences
in aid of, (in) back of, in behalf of, in cause of, in charge of, in consequence of, in (the) face of, in favour of, in front of, in (the) light of, in lieu of, in need of, in place of, in (the) process of, in quest of, in respect of, in search of, (in) spite of, in view of
in accordance with, in common with, in comparison with, in compliance with, in conformity with, in contact with, in line with
by dint of, (by) means of, by virtue of, (by) way of
on account of, on behalf of, on (the) ground(s) of, on the matter of, (on) pain of, on the part of, on the strength of, on top of
as far as, at variance with, at the expense of, at the hands of, (for) (the) sake of, for/from want of, in exchange for, in return for, in addition to, in relation to, with/in regard to, with/in reference to, with/in respect to, with the exception of
ΰˤ١ˡѰʤɤθ¤ƤΤޤޤƤ뤬۷194ĤΡʷֻ줬Ƥ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥ĤȤϤʤʤ˭ʸ
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985.
ѸǤϡֻθˤ̾礬ȤΤ§Ǥ롥㳰ꡤŪʤФʤʤ㳰1ĤɸΡfor + ʬޤ˷ƻפȤĤʤǤ롥ʲ롥
- She seemed to take it for granted that I would go with her to New York.
- The soldier was given up for dead.
- I really want to go and see the film, but I don't think I'd pass for 18.
for λʡˡȸƤ٤ΤǽȤƤ as ˶ᤤas ʬޤƻŪȤƤȤʤΤǡfor Τ˻ͤˤʤ롥
- I accepted the report as trustworthy.
- We regarded the document as belonging to her brother.
˵ for ˸³ƻϡ[2011-05-07-1]εֽϸˤƻ̾ˡפǿ줿褦ʷƻ̾ˡǤϤʤΩθǤƻȹͤ٤Ǥꡤ̤פ롥
Mustanoja "equivalence" (379--80) ȸƤ for ˡϡѸˤ⸫졤 for certain, for sure, forsooth, for real ʤɤδɽˤĤʤäƤ롥
Mustanoja, T. F. A Middle English Syntax. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 1960.
űѸǤϡֻΤȤ̾ϳѲ롥ɤγʤ뤫ֻˤäƷޤäƤꡤͿʤȤʤ뤳Ȥ¿ˤгʤ°ʤֻ᤹⤢롥ѸȤϰۤʤ̣ǻȤֻ¿ΤǡᤵʤȸűѸǤΰ̣ʲˤޤȤ (Mitchell 110)
ʣγʤƤΤϤ⤢ȤȤäդƤ٤ŪҤȤȤ
| PREPOSITION | CASE | MEANING |
|---|---|---|
| æfter | dat. (acc.) | after, along, according to |
| ǣr | dat. (acc.) | before |
| æt | dat. | at, from, by |
| æt | acc. | as far as, until |
| be | dat. (acc.) | by, along, alongside, about |
| beforan | dat. acc. | before, in front of |
| betweox | dat. acc. | among, between |
| binnan | * dat./acc. | within, into |
| bufan | * dat./acc. | above, upon |
| būtan | dat. acc. | except, outside, without |
| ēac | dat. | besides, in addition to |
| for | dat. acc. | before (of place), in front of, because of |
| fram | dat. | from, by (of agent) |
| ġeond | acc. (dat.) | throughout |
| in | * dat./acc. | in, into |
| innan | * dat./acc. (occasinally gen.) | in, within |
| mid | dat. acc. | among, with, by means of |
| of | dat. | from, of |
| ofer | * dat./acc. | above, over, on |
| on | * dat./acc. | in, into, on |
| on-ġēan | dat. acc. | against, towards |
| oþ | acc. (dat.) | up to, until |
| tō | gen. | at, for, to such an extent, so |
| tō | dat. | towards, to, at, near |
| tō | acc. | towards |
| tō-ġēanes | dat. | against, towards |
| þurh | acc. (dat. gen.) | through, throughout, by means of |
| under | * dat./acc. | under, beneath |
| wiþ | acc. gen. dat. | towards, opposite, against, along, in exchange for |
| ymb(e) | acc. (dat.) | after, about or concerning |
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