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abduction - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-08-28 00:27

2023-09-26 Tue

#5265. ĤߡĴظܼ١2023ǯ [review][linguistics][language_change][yurugengogakuradio][youtube][onomatopoeia][abduction][language_acquisition][evolution][dynamic_equilibrium]


 Ĥߡ ظܼ --- ȤФϤɤޤ졤ʲ١2023ǯ


οظܼسǤϤǤ¿ΥǥǼ夲졤ȤʤäƤ롥ҤΥȤǤߥߤƤꡤ夬ͻҤ狼롥
䤬ƱνΰʼȤȤ˱ĤƤ YouTube ΡְʼδѸظإͥפǤ#141. ٥ȥ顼ܡĤߡĴظܼ٤äƤߤޤ2ۤ˾Ҳ𤷤Ƥ롥ޤ͵ YouTube/Podcast ֤ͥإ饸Ǥ⡤ܽԤ1ͤǤ뺣Ĥ߻νбޤ¿δϢۿƤ롥
ܽǤϡ(1) θظǤϼŪʰƤΥޥȥ (onomatopoeia) ʲ콬νʳˤƤ礭餸Ƥꡤ(2) δפξˡ (abduction) Ȥҥȸͭο˶ưǡǽϤ޼ȯŸ夷Ƥʡ֡ȥȥåԥ󥰡˥ǥ뤬ƤƤ롥ǥǤϤΤΡ˭٤Ը˴ŤĤȯãؤμ¾ڼ¸΢Ǥ줿ˤϡŪʳ򴶤롥
ܽϡѲѰۤͤǤ⼨ŪʻŦ٤ࡥϤǤ7Ρָ縶§פƤƤ뤬2ܤˡѲ뤳ȡפǤƤ롥Ѥ (258)

ϤȡʷỌ̇̄¤ƴæ褦ȤϤδ֤襤Ǥ
ŵŪʷ̣ΰ̲ȤƤϴ˹äƤƤ⡤˽ʤСָפ뤤ϡԼפȸʤ
쥳ߥ˥ƥȾʷ̣Ȥ򹥤С줬¸η̣Ȥο魯
ѲԲǤ


ϡݻ褦ȤϤѲ褦ȤϤɹȶѹդˤꡤɤѲƤȤϤηϤȤƤϰݻƤȤޤưŪʿ (dynamic_equilibrium) θԻ׵Ĥ¸ߤǤ뤳ȤǤƤ롥
ظܼҤɤ

Ĥߡ ظܼ --- ȤФϤɤޤ졤ʲ١2023ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-09-27-1]

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2020-01-05 Sun

#3905. ؤ˸ؤؤŬѤˤĤ (1) [evolution][methodology][family_tree][biology][comparative_linguistics][manuscript][abduction][phylogenetics][historical_linguistics]

ʪʲʪʬθȯŸƤ (phylogenetics) ˡѲãʤɤʸʲˤŬѤ뤳ȤǤΤǤϤʤȤդΤϤۤɿΤǤϤʤνܤ褦ˤʤäΤϺǶΤȤǤ롥ؤνʬؤΰŪŬѤ˴ؤŪ˷سưԤʤäƤԤ1ͤˡ椬롥ܥ֥Ǥ⡤˸ؤδ#3162. Űء ([2017-12-23-1])#3172. 饤ҥ㡼ηŪȯۤϥ󤫤ǤϤʤʸؤ ([2018-01-02-1])#3175. group thinking tree thinking ([2018-01-05-1]) εǾҲ𤷤Ƥ
ɤΤϡˤֹ͸ųؤϿʲؤ鲿ؤפꤹͤǤ롥ʪؤ˸ؤδϢҤ٤ս (129--30) ߤĤΤǡѤ褦ʰʸؤθڤάˡ

ְ̲֥ȷءפϡʬˤ򿶤֤ʤСۤʤʬǷ֤ȺȯɤƤåǤ롥ȤСܷϿ޳ؤ˸ؤˤƺˡʬءˤ˴Ťˡʪؤ¹ԤΩˡȺȯɤƤޤ󤲤٤ܤž̲βѲǤʤѰۤ뤲Ȥ̥ץǤȤ¸¹ܤ¹ξ˴Ťܤĸꤹ뤳ȤŪ˲ǽǤ롥ơηѲǾȤ֤СʪΤߤʤ餺ܤηط̤κˡˤäƿǤ롥䤬ꤷƤ̲֥ȷؤϡΡ֥֥פˤͼŪΥåȤߤʤƤ롥
ʤǤ⡤ʪؤȤδؤǯƤ˸ؤǤϡʪʬҷؤΤޤޤץǥѤĤĤ롥ͽۤ褦ˡʪȸϤλŪѲô̲˰㤤Τ顤̤ηˡ򤽤ΤޤŬѤΤϤޤäƤΤǤϤʤȤȽºݤ󵯤Ƥ롥̤ΥåŬѤ뤳Ȥȸ̤ξĴ뤳Ȥ̤Ǥ롥ȤƱʪǤäƤ⡤ͭ򤹤뤫ʤɤ򻨤䤹ɤʲ뤫ɤϾˤä礭ۤʤꡤ˱Ʒ¹ԤȤǥ礭Ѥǽ롥ͤʤС֥ȴ֤ΰ㤤ˤοõˤȤäƤϼ¤ϿǤϤʤȷƤʤष֥ȤΤΰ㤤θοʲιͻŬڤ˹ԤäƤ뤫ɤΤۤϤ뤫˽פǤ롥͸ųؤ˳ؤˤƤ⡤ޤäƱͤˡʪʤʸʪη򸦵椹ݤˤϡ̤ȤƤΥåȸ̤γȤƤΥ֥ȤʬƵɬפ


ʪؤȯŸƤˡ򤽤Τޤ޸ѲθƤϤȤˤϡȽ⤢ʪȸϤޤäۤʤ륪֥ȡʿʲҡˤǤꡤѲѰۤΤ礤˰ۤʤäƤˤ⤫餺Ʊˡ¹ŪŬѤΤϴǤȡϷؤμˡ֤ΤޤޡŬѤʤɤȤϰҤ٤Ƥʤष֥ȤۤʤȤˤϡ¤դʧ٤ȼĥƤ롥֥Ȥ˱ƺ٤塼˥󥰤ɬפʥåˤΤΤ϶̤ƻȤ롤⤷ƤΤ
ŪˤؽŪˤ⡤ʪȸϤФиߤȤƤ2ĤϤޤǰۤʤ륪֥ȤǤꡤûŪӤϿޤʤФʤʤ⡤ޤǤˤդƤĤǤcf. #807. ޤʪޤ ([2011-07-13-1])#2529. evolution evolution (3) ([2016-03-30-1])#3146. ˤְŪطפȤϲ (1) ([2017-12-07-1])#3147. ˤְŪطפȤϲ (2) ([2017-12-08-1])#3148. ˤְŪطפδñ̤ϸΤ狼 ([2017-12-09-1])#3149. ʤŪʬहΤ ([2017-12-10-1])ˡûŪǤʤθ줿ӤʤС¿ξ硤ͭפʤϤˤʤؤ˸ؤؤŬѤˤĤơ⤦˹ͤƤ褵

ֹ͸ųؤϿʲؤ鲿ؤסʸʲι͸ųء ɧ ԡˡҦ˼2017ǯ125--65.

Referrer (Inside): [2020-01-09-1] [2020-01-06-1]

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2018-01-05 Fri

#3175. group thinking tree thinking [history_of_linguistics][family_tree][methodology][metaphor][metonymy][diachrony][causation][language_change][comparative_linguistics][linguistic_area][contact][borrowing][variation][terminology][how_and_why][abduction]

#3162. Ű ([2017-12-23-1]) #3172. 饤ҥ㡼ηŪȯۤϥ󤫤ǤϤʤʸؤ ([2018-01-02-1]) ǻȤƤˤСʹ֤ιԤʤʪʬˡϡʬ׹͡ (group thinking) ȡַ׹͡ (tree thinking) ̤ȤȤʬहȽļηطȤʬहΤ (107) Ϥ줾˴ŤʳؤʬʳءפȡָŰʳءפȸƤӡξԤ򼡤Τ褦оȤƤ롥

ʬʳʬ׹᥿եǧΥƥ꡼
Űʳ׹ȥ˥ߡΡʬˡʥ֥


ɽκǸ˿Ƥ륢֥ˤĤƤϡ#784. ˸ؤ abductive discipline ([2011-06-20-1]) 򻲾ȡ
ʪʬؤȤʬǤϡȤǥ벽줿Ʊ褦ʥĥ꡼äȤƤ⡤ǰŪ˲ᤵ줿ȷŪ˲ᤵ줿ȤǤϥåۤʤꤦȤԤʬ׹ͤˡԤ׹ͤбȻפ뤬ˤĤƤ嵭Ȼ褦оɽִǰŪηϳؤȤηŪбطפ p. 172 ˵󤲤ƤΤǼʤɽΤȤˤʤäƤΤ̤θԤΤΡˡ

ǰŪ Ū
ηϳ (Systematik) (Phylogenetik)
(Formverwandtschaft)ط (Blutsverwandtschaft)
(Metamorphose)ȯ (Stammesentwicklung)
ηϳŪʳ (systematischen Stufenreihen) (Ahnenreihen)
(Typus) (Stammform)
(typischen Zuständen)Ū (ursprüngliche Zuständen)
Ū (atypischen Zuständen)Ū (abgeänderte Zuständen)


Τ褦 group thinking tree thinking оȴطؤˤƤϤƤߤС¿ΩѸ줬¤֤ȤˤʤפĤ¤꼫ͳ˵󤲤Ƥߤ

ʬʳŰʳ
¤ (structural linguistics)Ӹ (comparative linguistics)
෿ (typology)˸ (historical linguistics)
(linguistic area)² (language family)
ܿ (contact, borrowing) (inheritance)
(space) (time)
(synchrony)̻ (diachrony)
ط (paradigm) Ϣط (syntagm)
ѥ (pattern)ץ (process)
???? (variation)???? (change)
(type)ȡ (token)
᥿ե (metaphor)ȥ˥ߡ (metonymy)
HowWhy


Ǹ˵󤲤 How Why ΩˤĤƤϡ (238) ʪؤ¨ưʲΤ褦˽Ҥ٤ƤȤΥ󥹥ԥ졼Ǥ롥

ʲ׹ͤ򤢤ƴĤȤƹ⤯Ǥ뤿ˤϡ䤿ʬ׹ͤйϤĤ⤦Ĥλ׹ȤȤƥԡ뤹ɬפ롥ȤСܤˤΤ֤ɤΤ褦ˡƤΤʻװˤ˴ؤ뵿ϼºݤ̿ץʬʪؤؤȤߤʤ롥ФơΤ֤ʤפΤ褦򤹤ˤäΤʵװˤ˴ؤ뵿ϿʲʪؤȤ٤


ѲΡ֤ɤΤ褦ˡפȡ֤ʤפ (how_and_why) ˤĤƤϡ#2123. Ѳڤ ([2015-02-18-1])#2255. Ѳθɵ椹ͤˤĤơ ([2015-06-30-1])#2642. ѲμȻȤߤν̡ ([2016-07-21-1])#3133. Ѳ "how" "why" ([2017-11-24-1]) ǰäƤʪؤθˤ꿷ȯۤ줿롥

ؿʲ׹ͤҥȤϿݤɤηϲ뤫١NHKǡ2010ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2020-01-05-1] [2018-06-09-1]

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2011-06-20 Mon

#784. ˸ؤ abductive discipline [abduction][language_change][abduction]

[2011-04-24-1]εָ츻ؤμΧפǿ줿 abductionʲˤȤϡ츻ؤФǤʤ˸ΤƤϤޤ롥ѲΡ֤ʤפФ˸ؼԤ٤ϡȤ櫓 abductive ˤʤ餶򤨤ʤ¿ξ硤βϤ餯ʣŪǤ롥٤Ƥװ夹뤳ȤϤǤʤװ֤δطװνŤߤ餫ˤ뤳Ȥ⤷ФкǤ롥Ǥ⡤ƺǽפȻפ뤤ĤװФ˾ơŪߤΤ˸ؤܤǤ롥
ʲΰ񤤤Ȥ롥

It is to be admitted that any answers to the "how" and "why" will only be plausible or provisional because historical linguistics is an abductive discipline (Andersen; Anttila 196--98, 285--86). This means that the suggested description and explanation of the language change is a reasoned inference made with reference to universals such as human experience, human nature, and culture, and to observed facts. The number of possible inferences made in this way is theoretically infinite, and therefore the best that historical linguists can offer is a subset of the theoretically possible descriptions and explanations. Being methodologically abductive, historical linguistics is different from natural science; it is no less tempting, however, to make such inferences in historical linguistics since it allows for different interpretations for a phenomenon. (Hotta 3)


⤽⤹٤ƤθѲ˸ͳΤȤФθͳΥ٥ŪҲŪ¾˸ؤȤơɤޤ餫ˤǤΤ䤤ΤΤȤƤꡤʤѲθͳä͡Ф뤳ȡabductive ˵ʤ뤳Ȥˤ˴ؤʬ̥ϤǤ롥˸ؤȯŸϡ (deduction) ǤⵢǼ (induction) ǤʤŪǤʤȤƤ abduction ˤäƤ롥ơabduction οηϰʲ̤ƿ, p. 54ˡ

ä٤£äѻ롤
⤷ȤǤСäλǤ
äơȤǤȹͤ٤ͳ롥


Andersen, Henning. "Abductive and deductive change." Language 49 (1873): 765-93.
Anttila, Raimo. Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Rev. ed. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1989.
Hotta, Ryuichi. The Development of the Nominal Plural Forms in Early Middle English. Hituzi Linguistics in English 10. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo, 2009.
ƿ ͵ إ֥󡡲ȯ١Ҧ˼2009ǯ

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2011-06-20 Mon

#784. ˸ؤ abductive discipline [abduction][language_change][abduction]

[2011-04-24-1]εָ츻ؤμΧפǿ줿 abductionʲˤȤϡ츻ؤФǤʤ˸ΤƤϤޤ롥ѲΡ֤ʤפФ˸ؼԤ٤ϡȤ櫓 abductive ˤʤ餶򤨤ʤ¿ξ硤βϤ餯ʣŪǤ롥٤Ƥװ夹뤳ȤϤǤʤװ֤δطװνŤߤ餫ˤ뤳Ȥ⤷ФкǤ롥Ǥ⡤ƺǽפȻפ뤤ĤװФ˾ơŪߤΤ˸ؤܤǤ롥
ʲΰ񤤤Ȥ롥

It is to be admitted that any answers to the "how" and "why" will only be plausible or provisional because historical linguistics is an abductive discipline (Andersen; Anttila 196--98, 285--86). This means that the suggested description and explanation of the language change is a reasoned inference made with reference to universals such as human experience, human nature, and culture, and to observed facts. The number of possible inferences made in this way is theoretically infinite, and therefore the best that historical linguists can offer is a subset of the theoretically possible descriptions and explanations. Being methodologically abductive, historical linguistics is different from natural science; it is no less tempting, however, to make such inferences in historical linguistics since it allows for different interpretations for a phenomenon. (Hotta 3)


⤽⤹٤ƤθѲ˸ͳΤȤФθͳΥ٥ŪҲŪ¾˸ؤȤơɤޤ餫ˤǤΤ䤤ΤΤȤƤꡤʤѲθͳä͡Ф뤳ȡabductive ˵ʤ뤳Ȥˤ˴ؤʬ̥ϤǤ롥˸ؤȯŸϡ (deduction) ǤⵢǼ (induction) ǤʤŪǤʤȤƤ abduction ˤäƤ롥ơabduction οηϰʲ̤ƿ, p. 54ˡ

ä٤£äѻ롤
⤷ȤǤСäλǤ
äơȤǤȹͤ٤ͳ롥


Andersen, Henning. "Abductive and deductive change." Language 49 (1873): 765-93.
Anttila, Raimo. Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Rev. ed. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1989.
Hotta, Ryuichi. The Development of the Nominal Plural Forms in Early Middle English. Hituzi Linguistics in English 10. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo, 2009.
ƿ ͵ إ֥󡡲ȯ١Ҧ˼2009ǯ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2011-04-24 Sun

#727. 츻ؤμΧ [etymology][abduction]

츻ؤȤʬμΧˤĤƤϡ[2010-08-06-1]εָ츻ؤϵݤʳؤפǼ夲츻ؤ[2011-04-17-1]ε֥ȥåŪȥݥȤƤθ츻פǺٸڤؤˤ츻ؤΰ֤Ť԰ǡɾޤʤ츻ؤλ̿ϸθ츻ˤ餫ˤ뤳ȤθñȯŪǻȯŪˤʤ꤬Ǥ롥츻θϡθˤޤĤŪʾؤ¾ʬ󶡤ͭפǤ롥ͭפǤϤäƤ⤽ǤŪ˽ϤƤޤʬȤƤμΧϳݤʤ츻¿ο͡δؿ椯˺Ǥ⿼ؿ󤻤ƤؼԤˤȤḁ̈ϤˤʤΤ˸츻ؤɬ⼫ΩŪʬȤߤʤƤʤȤϻǰǤ롥
̤ˡ츻ؤؤνʬ˰֤ŤСβ뤳Ȥˤʤ̻ŪפȤǤƤӤ뤳θ츻ؤˤϡ̤θˤϸʤĤħ롥Malkiel (200--01) 4ħ󤲡줳츻ؤ autonomy κǤȼĥ롥ʲˤ4θդ󤷤ƤߤʸʸΰѤϤΥڡHTML򻲾ȡˡ

(1) 츻õˤϸº֤٤Ĺꡤäδؿ˸ꤵ줺ʹ֤αĤߤȴϢŤƤ
(2) 츻õϡʸˡʤ¾ι¤Ūʸ츦˽ȤϤޤäۤʤȯۤפ abductive discipline Ǥ롥
(3) 츻õϡ1ʬȤƷ֤Ọ̇̄ξ˰̣𤷤ƸȼȤδطդʧä˷Ū¦̡ʲˤ˴ؿ椵ƤаޤꡤǰĹ롥
(4) 츻õǤϡ¾ʬʾŪʾڵȸ礦Ȥפ뤬Ūڵ­Ȥ𤳤ԤξǮ򤫤ΩơƱ˸ԤΥȿװʤΤǤ롥

4ϡ츻ؤ̥ϤäƤ뤬ΩʬȤƤϰ̤Ϳˤϥѥ夤ȤΤΰݤǤ롥Ǥ츻ؤΥݥƥʲǽ򸫤ȤΤǤС(2) abductive ˴ԤMalkiel "creative etymology" (201) ȸƤǤ褦ˡ츻õˡϱ (deduction) ǤⵢǼ (induction) Ǥʤ (abduction) Ǥ롥Charles S. Peirce (1839--1914) μĥʳؤȯϤ褽 abductive ǤꡤƱȤϸؤˤ츻ؤˤ⤢ƤϤޤϤabduction θʳؤǹʤ¤ꡤabduction ΩӤ츻ؤΧ뤳Ȥ񤷤Τ⤷ʤ
abduction ȤϡΤ褦꼰ηΤȤǤƿ, p. 54ˡ

ä٤£äѻ롤
⤷ȤǤСäλǤ
äơȤǤȹͤ٤ͳ롥



Malkiel, Yakov. "Etymology and General Linguistics." Word 18 (1962): 198--219.
ƿ ͵ إ֥󡡲ȯ١Ҧ˼2009ǯ

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