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ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2021-09-03 Fri

#4512. ƱѸӤ롼ѸΥ [keyword][corpus][ice][flob][frown]

ʣΥѥѤʬϤϡⲿ٤ԤʤäȤ (cf. keyword) ΥѥħŪ˸륭ɤ̤ΰŪʥѥȤˤäŪȴФƤˡǡޤȸʸŪʴ餪⤷̤Ф롥
ϡPolzenhagen and Wolf ͤɤǤơICE (International Corpus of English) 󶡤륫롼ѸΥѥ饭ɤȴФĴҲ𤵤ƤΤ򸫤ĤΤǡҲ𤷤ΤλȥѥȤơꥹѸ FLOB ȥꥫѸ FROWN ѤƤ롥
ơĴη̤롼ѸΥɤȤưʲñ췲̤⤫Ӿ夬äƤȤ (161)

community
communal
family
relative
kin / kinship / kinsman / kinspeople
brotherhood
marriage
marry
marital
husband
wife
parent / parental / parenting
maternity / maternal
Birth
child / childhood / childless
Offspring

̣ξȤƶ̹򤯤ФСֿ²פȡֶƱΡפȤäȤ롼Ҳθ餫ˤʤäƤȤäƤ褤̱²ǧοؤˤƶͿƤ붽̣̤Ȥ롥ΤλȥݥȤѼʸˤǤ뤳ȡĤޤ̤ŪʤΤǤ뤳Ȥϡ˰ռƤɬפ

Polzenhagen, Frank and Hans-Georg Wolf, "World Englishes and Cognitive Linguistics." Chapter 8 of The Oxford Handbook of World Englishes. Ed. by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma. New York: OUP, 2017. 147--72.

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2021-08-30 Mon

#4508. World Englishes Υѥ̤ [world_englishes][variety][corpus][multilingualism][methodology][ice]

Ϣ World Englishes ˴ؤ夲Ƥ롥ŪʬǤȤϤʬǤΥѥѤˤϾʤȤǯۤɤμӤ롥ϡ1960ǯʹߡˤƽѤƤȤƱѼ˾Ƥ100줫ʤ륳ѥ "The Brown family of corpora" äȤäƤ褤 (cf. #428. The Brown family of corpora Ѿա ([2010-06-29-1]))
"Brown family" ϡʤ緿ץȤˤ⥤󥹥ԥ졼Ϳ#517. ICE 󶡤7ϰѼ拾ѥ ([2010-09-26-1]) ǾҲ𤷤 International Corpus of English Ǥ롥1990ǯ Sydney Greenbaum ײȯɽư衤ꥹѸȥꥫѸϤ󡤸ߤޤǤ˥ʥѸ졤쥢եꥫѸ졤Ѹ졤ɱѸ졤ɱѸ졤ޥѸ졤˥塼ɱѸ졤ʥꥢѸ졤եԥѸ졤󥬥ݡѸ졤󥫱Ѹʤ͡ʱѸѼ100쵬ϤΥѥԻƤʰΤΤϥɲǽˡߤӲǽʷǥǥ󤵤ƤꡤICECUP ȤեȥѰդƤ롥ܥ֥ ice ε⻲ȡ
³ơ2013ǯˤʬˤǯκ̤Ǥ GloWbE (= Corpus of Global Web-Based English) 饤줿#4169. GloWbE --- Corpus of Global Web-Based English ([2020-09-25-1]) ǾҲ𤷤̤ꡤ20񤫤αѸѼ礷19줫ʤѸѼ拾ѥǤ롥ߡΥѥѸ˴ؤ븦Ǥ褯ѤƤ롥
Τ褦 World Englishes 륳ѥԻȻѤ¥ʤƤ塤̤ǤϤɤΤ褦ŸͽۤMair (118--19) ϺŸʤ뤤ϴ˾ˤȤ3󤲤Ƥ롥

(1) ѼˤνʳΥѥԻԤ
(2) Ѽμ֤ˤĤƥ־ΥǡѤ뤳ȤޤޤͭѤȤʤäƤ
(3) Ѽ¿ˤĤƥޥ󥬥ʾǻѤƤΤ֤Ǥʾ塤αѸΥΥ󥬥롦ѥȤȤߤǤϤʤѸޤޥ󥬥롦ѥȤĤԻƤ٤Ǥ

Ȥ櫓 (3) ϡŪʡֱѸءפؤǤΤ褦ʼԤˤȤäƤϡå󥰤ʡܤڤ褦̤Ǥ⤢롥World Englishes ϡǤ˱ѸؤȤϤ߽Ф"sociolinguistics of globalisation" (Mair 119) Ȥ٤ɸؤƧ߽ФƤ뤳Ȥ򼨺롥ơֱѸˡפθ⡤Ѹθʾ塤ưϢươޤޤ줿ΤˤʤäƤΤ

Mair, Christian. "World Englishes and Corpora." Chapter 6 of The Oxford Handbook of World Englishes. Ed. by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma. New York: OUP, 2017. 103--22.

Referrer (Inside): [2021-10-19-1]

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2020-09-25 Fri

#4169. GloWbE --- Corpus of Global Web-Based English [glowbe][corpus][ice][englishes][world_englishes][variety][ame_bre][spelling]

#4166. ѸˤγƻΥѥӤбѸˤ狼ʤˡ ([2020-09-22-1]) ǿ줿 World Englishes Υѥ GloWbE (= Corpus of Global Web-Based English) 򾯤ƤߤζѸ˸ˤܥѥƳƤޤءˤˤϡƴդޤ
Υѥ20񤫤αѸѼ礷19줫ʤ祳ѥǡѼ֤Ӥưפ˹ԤʤͤȤʤäƤ롥ѼӤˤĤƤСϤޤǡ#517. ICE 󶡤7ϰѼ拾ѥ ([2010-09-26-1])#1743. ICE Frequency Comparer ([2014-02-03-1]) ʤɤǼ夲褦 ICE (International Corpus of English) ΤʤäΤѥϵ®˿ʲƤ褦GloWbE Υ󥿡եϡCOCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) COHA (Corpus of Historical American English) ʤɤȶ̤ʤΤǡ˴줿桼ǤСȤäĤ䤹Ϥ
ñʻȤǤϤ뤬GloWbE κǤѼӤ color colour Υڥ󥰤˴ؤƹԤʤäƤߤ̤ color ϥꥫcolour ϥꥹΥڥ󥰤Ȥ뤬2Ѽ֤Ӥ­20Ѽ֤٤Ƥߤ褦Ȥߤ󥿡եñ Chart ϵǽ򤷡ơΥڥ󥰤Ǹ֤줿ɽįʤΤǤ⽽ʬˤ⤷ޤϡꥫ color οɽ顥



ˡꥹ colour οɽ󤲤褦



դι񡹤ޤäƤꡤŪˤϥꥹ¿ͽۤϰʤ櫓¤ϥꥫڥ󥰤ΤۤͥΤ褦ǯαѸΥꥫ (americanisation) αƶ褦¦ˤϡƹ˥󥰥Ͻ񤬽ޤäƤꡤǤͽ̤˥ꥹͥǤ롥¦˽ޤäƤ륢եꥫǤϡξڥ󥰤κϤۤ礭ʤ
color vs colour ƱѴ֤Ȥϲ᤮ĤĤ롥ġ뤬ФƤΤǤ롥

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2018-03-11 Sun

#3240. Singapore English ˤ used to ʲˤʤ use to ʸߡ [singapore_english][auxiliary_verb][corpus][ice]

#735. ʤư used to ˸߷ʤ ([2011-05-02-1]) εǡ?Τäפ̣ used to Ȥνư줬ʤ顤ʤ֡ʸߡ?뽬פۤɤ̣븽ߤνư use to ʤΤˤĤƹͤǤϡuse to ϼºݤΤȤŪˤʸڤΤߤޤǤѤȤʤäȽҤ٤
Milroy and Milroy (89) ˼Τ褦ʸڤ򸫤Ĥؤȴ

One syntactic feature which is very characteristic of Singaporean English and appears to be gaining currency, even in written varieties, is the expression use to as a mark of habitual aspect. Thus, all Europeans use to go there is glossed as 'Europeans commonly go there'.


ȤȤǡ#518. Singapore English ΥɤС ([2010-09-27-1]) Ѥ Singapore English Υѥ (ICE-SIN) Ĵ٤Ƥߤ顤2ΤߤǤϤ뤬طʸĤä1ĤϡSinglish λѤˤĤʣüԤƤƤʸ̮Ǥ롥ɤΤ褦ʾ̤ Singlish Ѥ뤫ȤΤʤǡü B ֡Singlish äΤ̤ȤȾ꤬ȻפפȽҤ٤Ƥ롥

C: There are many informal situations in the home where Singlish is used. You see I feel very much that this discussion is kind of passe really is uh we're we're being a bit old-fashioned here in discussing discussing Singlish in the first place
B: No I think there's a time and place where I use to speak
D: There is a time and place precisely


⤦1Ĥʸϡ"Fortunately for me, nice and satisfied clients use to write me complimentary letters." Ǥ롥ʸ̮ߡɽ魯ΤǤ뤳ȤϳǧѤߤǤꡤ used to ȯֻѤȤƤ use to ǤϤʤ
ʤƱѥǤϡΤȤʤ used to ¿ҥåȤ롥

Milroy, Lesley and James Milroy. Authority in Language: Investigating Language Prescription and Standardisation. 4th ed. London and New York: Routledge, 2012.

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2014-02-03 Mon

#1743. ICE Frequency Comparer [corpus][web_service][cgi][frequency][new_englishes][variety][ice]

#1730. AmE-BrE 2006 Frequency Comparer ([2014-01-21-1]), #1739. AmE-BrE Diachronic Frequency Comparer ([2014-01-30-1]) ǡthe Brown family of corpora [2010-06-29-1]ε#428. The Brown family of corpora Ѿաפ򻲾ȡˤѤѼ֤뤤̻ŪӥġäBrown family ȤС褦߷פԤޤ줿 ICE (International Corpus of English) ۵[2010-09-26-1]ε#517. ICE 󶡤7ϰѼ拾ѥפ򻲾ȡˡ1990ǯʹߤν񤭸դäդǼ줿100쵬ϤΥѥǡߤӲǽȤʤ褦˺Ƥ롥
ǡ긵ˤ ICE ꡼ΤCanada, Jamaica, India, Singapore, the Philippines, Hong Kong αѸѼ拾ѥ6оݤˡƱ褦ɽꡤǡ١ӤǽȤʤġȤˤĤƤϡ#1730. AmE-BrE 2006 Frequency Comparer ([2014-01-21-1]) 򻲾Ȥ줿

    
Sort: ICE-Canada frequency ICE-Jamaica frequency ICE-India frequency ICE-Singapore frequency ICE-Philippines frequency ICE-Hong Kong frequency alphabetically nothing (non-regex mode only)


ɤʻȤƻ뤫ϡǥ㤨С"^snow(s|ed|ing)?$", "^Japan(ese)?$", "^bananas?$", "^Asia(n?)s?$" ʤɤǸƤߤȤ⤷⤷ʤ

Referrer (Inside): [2020-09-25-1] [2015-04-22-1]

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2010-09-27 Mon

#518. Singapore English Υɤ [text_tool][corpus][flob][ice][singapore_english][keyword]

ε[2010-09-26-1] ICE ( International Corpus of English ) 餤ĤαѸϰѼ拾ѥݤҲ𤷤Τʤ Singapore English Υѥ ( ICE-SIN ) 򾯤äƤߤ
[2010-03-10-1]ε WordSmith KeyWords еǽαʸǻ ICE-SIN Ʊͤ˻ƤߤȤɤʤȻפäǺ⡤1990ǯƬΥꥹѸоݤԻ줿Ӳǽ FLOB corpus ( see [2010-06-29-1] ) 򻲾ȥѥȤBritish English ˾Ȥ餷 Singapore English ħŪʸʡᥭɡˤФƤߤι⤤20ˤĤơWordSmith ˽Ϥ줿ɽǤ褦ʾ100ޤǤΥꥹȤϤΥڡHTML򻲾ȡˡ

nwordice-sin.freq.ice-sin.lst %flob.freq.flob.lst %keyness
1uh8,2300.748 19,246.0
2you18,1751.647,2580.2917,768.5
3uhm3,8380.350 9,021.1
4ya3,5800.3210 8,283.9
5i15,1661.3712,2300.497,051.3
6singapore3,0410.2764 6,570.0
7word3,4900.324820.025,621.8
8know4,7680.431,5340.065,345.5
9okay2,2960.2128 5,112.0
10so6,7590.614,4520.184,113.8
11lah1,7470.162 4,074.4
12it's3,5850.321,1860.053,949.9
13your3,4850.311,6420.072,972.2
14oh1,9520.183440.012,900.2
15think2,7610.251,2080.052,501.5
16ah1,2880.12142 2,204.9
17we5,8840.535,4060.222,190.7
18is15,0221.3620,5880.832,027.9
19don't2,3720.211,1960.051,904.9
20what4,6350.424,0720.161,865.8


̥ꥹȤįƤ2Ĥħ⤫Ǥ

(1) ʤ Singapore English ȤФзӤĤɽ̤˿Ǥ롥㤨С11̤ lah ܸǤ֤͡ס֤פΤ褦Ư򤹤 pragmatic marker ǡSingapore (and Malaysian) English 餷ɽȤΤƤ롥ϤŪɽ餫긵αѸ켭ˤϤۤȤɷǺܤƤ餺ͣ Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, 2nd ed. ǼΤ褦ä

adverb INFORMAL
used by people in Malaysia and Singapore for making something they are saying sound more friendly and informal


ʸ󤲤ˤϡICE-SIN ľܽäƤᤤʸǤϤΤȡΤ褦ʿƤʸǤȤƤ롥

Anyway, life is getting colder here. Hottest degree - 16 degrees celcius, coldest so far is 8oc. Brr..rr!! I'm wearing 3 to 4 layers now, like I did in England. So heavy one lah! Get back ache, you know!


ۤˤϡSingapore 6̤äƤꡤdollar(s), Chinese, Singaporeans, Malay ʤɤ100äƤ롥

(2) lah ٤ι⤵Ȥط뤬ι⤤졤äѽФȹͤ줬Ωġľɽ魯;̾졤ޤĴ¤餲 ( hedge ) ä¿Ūʵǽĸ췲ȤƤޤȤƤ褤⤷ʤäȤäդȷӤĤ륭ɤ¿Ȥͽۤ줿ȤǤϤ롥񤭸դɸ˽򤷤䤹ϰѼ֤κʤΤ̤Ǥ롥Ȥ櫓äդϰѼκФ䤹ȤȤΥФdzΤ줿ȤȤ

Τ褦ʥФϡ¾ϰѼˤѤǤ롥ȥѥ򥤥ꥹѸʳưŪ˳ѼħߤȤΤ⤪⤷

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2010-09-26 Sun

#517. ICE 󶡤7ϰѼ拾ѥ [corpus][ice]

International Corpus of English @ ICE-corpora.net ϡ7αѸϰѼ拾ѥɤǤ롥ɤ̥ե˥ѥɤäƤꡤӥѥɤ͹FAXˤ̵ˤʤФʤʤ

Canada (ICE-CAN): http://ice-corpora.net/ice/icecan.htm
East Africa (Kenya & Tanzania) (ICE-EA): http://ice-corpora.net/ice/iceea.htm
Hong Kong (ICE-HK): http://ice-corpora.net/ice/icehk.htm
India (ICE-IND): http://ice-corpora.net/ice/iceind.htm
Jamaica (ICE-JA): http://ice-corpora.net/ice/icejam.htm
Philippines (ICE-PHI): http://ice-corpora.net/ice/icephi.htm
Singapore (ICE-SIN): http://ice-corpora.net/ice/icesin.htm

ICEǤϡ¾ˤӲǽϰѼ拾ѥԻƤǤꡤˤϤǤͭǼΤ⤢롥1990ǯʹߤν񤭸դäդǼ줿100쵬ϤΥѥǤ롥Ի乽[2010-06-29-1]εǾҲ𤷤 The Brown family of corpora ˽सƤꡤ500ƥȡ2000ȤʤäƤ롥corpus design annotation scheme ξܺ٤ˤĤƤϡICEȥåץڡξ˥塼黲ȤǤ롥ĤϰѼˤäդץ벻⤢ͭѡ
μαѸϰѼ拾ѥǤӲǽʤΤϺΤȤ¾˽ФƤʤ顤ŪθˤϽ
߸ϰѼ򰷤äƤä˸ƤƤ

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