ֱѸƳ2021˸ɽ줿ƥĤϡرˤOh My Word!?ʤ Word ʤΤήͻ?Ǥ롥
Oh my God! ϥ֡ (taboo) ȤۤɶʶŪˤϻѤ롥նɽ (euphemism) Ȥơ(Oh my) Gosh!, (Oh my) goodness!, Oh my! ʤɤ褯ΤƤ뤬פ˲Ū˻ˤִάʤɤʤƥꥸʥɽ碌ȤˡΤäƤΤǤ롥
ƥȯɽԤϡɸ My word! Ȥ Oh my God! նɽ1ĤǤϤʤȡּήͻפߤƤ롥οϡGod [g] word [w] ¤ϲŪ˶ᤤȤ¤Ǥ롥ΤĴŪˤСξԤ (labiovelar) ˤġϢܥ֥εȤơ#1151. ¿ ([2012-06-21-1])#3870. Ѹˤ wh- ʤ q- ֻ ([2019-12-01-1])#3871. åȥɱѸˤ wh- ǤϤʤ quh- ֻʸ Alexander Hume ([2019-12-02-1])#3409. ܸˤٹξü ([2018-08-27-1])#3410. Ѹˤֹٹס ([2018-08-28-1]) Ƥ
Ūʴ God Word ӤĤƤߤߤϤ⤷
ŪˤϤɤOED word, n. and int. ȤȼΤ褦ˤ롥
P3. e. my word (esp. as an exclamation) = upon my word at Phrases 1g(b)(ii).
1722 A. Philips Briton ii. iii. 14 He loves thee, Gwendolen:---My word, he does.
1821 London Mag. June 658/2 When the New Town Christeners had exhausted their Georges and Charlottes and Fredericks and Hanovers, (and, my word, they did extend the royalty).
1841 E. C. Gaskell Lett. (1966) 44 My word! authorship brings them in a pretty penny.
1857 F. Locker London Lyrics 72 Half London was there, and, my word, there were few..But envied Lord Nigel's felicity.
1874 A. Trollope Harry Heathcote ii. 49 'You dropped the match by accident?' 'My word, no. Did it o' purpose to see.'
1932 P. Hamilton Siege of Pleasure ii. 62 in Twenty Thousand Streets under Sky (1935) 'My word!' said Violet. 'You didn't half give me a turn.'
1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day ii. 43 My word, how we did dress up in those days!
2004 G. Woodward I'll go to Bed at Noon xiii. 237 'That's an old Vincent,' said Janus Brian, 'my word. Haven't seen one of those for years'.
(asseveration) ȤƤֻ upon my word ƱǽδȤơ18Ⱦ˽Ф褦ֻ upon my word of my word ʤɤȤȤ1600ǯ夫ѤƤ롥餯ֻ礬ñȤǴȤѤ褦ˤʤꡤ䤬Ƥֻ줬æάǤѤ褦ˤʤäȤȤ
ѸؤǤϤ褯ΤƤ뤬ɤǤϡŵŪ˸ (labiovelar) Ū wh- ʤɤֻǤϤʤquh-, qvh, qwh, qh ʤɤֻǸ뤳Ȥ¿Ȥ what бֻĤƤߤȡqwhat, qwat, quat, quad, qhat ΤȤǤ롥λҲĴδ֤ǰۤʤäƤȤ뤬ŪˤɤΤ褦ʰ㤤äΤˤĤƤϵ롥ʤʤˤƤ wh- ʤɤֻ̤˻ȤƤꡤʿԤ q- 褯ȤƤȤȤǤ롥
Ѹˤ q- Ūʬۤϡ¤ˤ줤Ǥ롥eLALME Item 44 ȤƼ夲Ƥ롤"WH-: q-, all spellings." ꤵ줿 Dot Map ʲ˺ƷǤ褦

ΤܤäƽѸˤƤ⡤LAEME Map 28285405 Dot Map Ȥ狼褦ˡʤϤʬۤƤ롥
³ΥåȥɤǤ quh- ʤɤֻŪѤƤ16ʹߤˤʤȡɤɸŪֻαƶˤꡤåȥɱѸǤ quh- ΩϼޤäƤäΤˤĤƤεǡ
ѸΥܥӥΤˡ֥ˡ§ (grimms_law) ؤǤȤΩĤȤȤ֤ʤ֥ˡ§פѸ˾פʤΤʤɤƤȴϢƻ䤵ˤĤƲ⤷ƤĸӵͭĺϡѸȥƥ졦եǤϳơɤΤ褦ʲȯŸȤǤ롥
ĸӵͭĺ *bh, *dh, *gh, *gwh ϡޥɤ°ѸˤƤϡ֥ˡ§פθ̤ˤꡤơ§Ȥ b, d, g, g/w б롥
åɤ°ƥϡӵͭĺϡơ f, f, h, f бcf. #1147. βбɽ ([2012-06-17-1])ˡ츫̯бפ˥åɤǤϸ§ȤӵͭĺĴˤ餺 f ˶ᤤҲؤȼ̤ƤޤäȹͤФ褤
¤ϥåɤΤʤǤƥϡŪˤ䥤쥮顼бƬʳΰ֤ǤϾбष֥ˡ§פβѲä褦 *bh > b, *dh > d, *gh > g ΤǤ롥ʤߤ˥ꥷɤΥꥷǤϡơ̵ ph, th, kh Ȥʤ뤳Ȥա
̤Ȥơĸ졤ꥷ졤ʥޥĸˡѸˤӵͭĺ3βбϼΤ褦ˤʤʻ߷p. 1660--61ˡ
| IE | Gk | L | Gmc | E |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bh | phāgós | fāgus | ƀ, b | book |
| dh | thúrā | forēs (pl.) | ð, d | door |
| gh | khḗn | anser (< *hanser) | ʒ, g | goose |
The characteristic look of the Italic languages is due partly to the widespread presence of the voiceless fricative f, which developed from the voiced aspirate[ stops]. Broadly speaking, f is the outcome of all the voiced aspirated except in Latin; there, f is just the word-initial outcome, and several other reflexes are found word-internally. (248)
The main hallmark of Latin consonantism that sets it apart from its sister Italic languages, including the closely related Faliscan, is the outcome of the PIE voiced aspirated in word-internal position. In the other Italic dialects, these simply show up written as f. In Latin, that is the usually outcome word-initially, but word-internally the outcome is typically a voiced stop, as in nebula 'cloud' < *nebh-oleh2, medius 'middle' < *medh(i)i̯o-, angustus 'narrow' < *anĝhos, and ninguit < *sni-n-gwh-eti)
߷ ˧ͺԡˡرѸ츻ŵ١ҡ1997ǯ
Fortson IV, Benjamin W. Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004.
ε#3409. ܸˤٹξü ([2018-08-27-1]) ǡٹ֥ס֥ײľаޤܤٹ [kw], [gw] ȤֻҲȾҲפʬܤСȤƤϡӸؤǤȤ (labiovelar) ȤĤʤäƤ (cf. #1151. ¿ ([2012-06-21-1]))
ѸǤϰĸ̤Ȥ [kw] [gw] Ū褯¸ƤꡤǤܸβȤоŪǤ롥ֻȤƤŵŪ <qu>, <gu> ɽ蘆졤queen, quick, liquid, language, sanguine ʤɤǡǤ롥ˤСѸǤ [k], [g] Ԥ벻Ķ˸¤餺̤ [w] Ϥ褯¸Ƥ롥
ȤϤΤΡΤ褦ʱѸǤŪ [w] Ƥ륱Ϥ롥#383. ֥ΥޥȡפǤʤ֥Υޥȡס ([2010-05-15-1]) Ǹ褦ˡեѸΤʤǤ⡤Norman French ޤ줿ΤϡβħȿǤ /kw/ ݤƤ뤬 (e.g. conquest /ˈkɒŋkwɛst/) Central French ΤΤϡħѤ /w/ Ƥ (e.g. conquer /ˈkɒŋkə/)
ޤ#51. 5W1Hפʤ̡6Hס ([2009-06-18-1])#184. two /w/ ȯʤΤϤʤ ([2009-10-28-1]) Ǹ褦ˡ첻³ [w] æ䤹ȤĴŪʻ𤬤ꡤˤ how, who, sword, two ʤɤȯʤֻȤΥåסˤƤ롥
[w] ȾҲȸƤФȾüʲŪüäƤꡤܸǤѸǤ⤽εưʤˡˤʣǤ롥
ٹȤϸŤܸǡ֥ס֥פʤɤɽ줿 [kwa, gwa] ΤȤǤ롥ȤܸˤϹٹʤ벻ϤʤäȤȤ˴ȤƤιٹƳ졤ܸβؼޤƤäΤǤ롥ˤʤȡܸŪʲز뤫ΤȤƤӹٹǤ˻äĤƤιٹ֥ס֥פϡľ֥ס֥פع줷Ƥ롥
(319--20) ˤСٹľλˤĤƤä
ٹΥ [kwa] [gwa] ϡֲлפְ̡פȤ褦˴ˤѤƤλˤľƥ [ka] [ga] ȤʤäȹǤϤѲλϰۤʤäƤ뤬ǤΡϤ١ˤ˸롤ȹͤνդˤĤƸ褦̤ǡνͤǤϥȯƤ뤳ȤƤ
θʤ礰襤ˤ⡤褲ءѲʤˤޤ⡤ΤޡʤΤĤʡ
ʤǤϽˤϤǤľƤΤФơǤϤޤľʤǤʤäȤʪäƤ롥Ǥϡزʶʥ٤ˡ֤λȤޤ̤䤦ˤդ٤ȡפ褦ˡ⤤ȬˤϹٹľƤȤ狼롥ФơǤϽäƤ٤Ѳ褦Ǥ롥
ٹľιȤѲ˴ؤơʣĶ̣Τϡ˼ҲŪ¦̤⤢ä餷ȤξԤ̤뤫줹뤫ϡüԤζܤ٤䡤ոǫˤ¸ȤҤΤ褦˹ٹϴ˴ŤΤǤꡤμʤԤˤȤäơζ̤ưפǤϤʤäºݡƱ˴Ť13ڤ褦ʲpp. 320--21ˡ
ٹξüܸΰŪʲ˱褦ΤǤ뤳Ȥϡ͡˻ŦƤ롥ȤС[kwa, gwa] ȾҲ [w] ȤȤϡФܸΥ륢륿Ūʤɽ魯Τȸ2ŻҲδ1Ȥ뤳ȤǤʡܸɴŵ pp. 256--57) (318) ϡΤ褦ˡܸ첻ˤΤ깭ֿಽפΰĤȤư֤Ť뤳ȤǤȤcf. #1271. ܸಽȤθ ([2012-10-19-1])ˡ
ϹԻҲ [ɸ] [h] [çi]ʤξƬ̥ޥޡؤȤѲϡĴǿδͿڸΤǤ롥 [e] ˡ [o] ˡơ߿첻߿첻ѲΤƱηˤ롥ˤСŤˡ𡦥 [i][je] ѲΤξ w ӼǤꡤҤٹľ [kwa] [ka] ƱήǤ롥ζĥˤѲƤȤˤ礭ήȤơֿಽפȤȤ롥ȯôڤ褦Ȥߵ˴ŤΤǤ롥
ʤǤ⡤Φ彣ʤɤľȹٹζ̤¸³Ƥ⤢롥
ܸɴŵ١İ ɧۤ ԡ罤ۡ1988ǯ
顡ܸˡ١˼Ҥӡ2017ǯ
ε#1150. centum satem ([2012-06-20-1]) ǡĸ labiovelar ˤäȤ˿줿[k, g] Τ褦ĴݤˡƱ˿ݤƽФǤ롥ɽȤƤ [kw, gw] ʤɤȼΤǤ롥2ĴﴱƱѤäʲǤ뤿ᡤĴˤİˤؤʡñʤ뿰뤤ñʤؤȯã뤳Ȥ¿ۤʤƱ (cognate) ɤδ֤ǡ/k, g/ /w, b/ ʤɤб뤳Ȥˤʤ櫓顤ϡ礭ʺ߽Ф븶Ǥ롥
㤨Сեε˸ƬҲ [k] (ex. que, qui, quoi) ФơѸε˸ƬҲ [w] (ex. what, who) ϲŪˤۤʤäƤ褦˸뤬ĸ *kw ꤹСƱб褯Ǥ롥Ѹ̾ cow ʥˤȥƥͳηƻ bovine ʥ°ΡˤθƬҲۤ⡤PIE *gwōus ꤹ뤳ȤǡճȾƤʤθεˤθ츻ˤĤƤϡرѸ츻ŵ pp. 1647--48 ܤˡ
Ķˤä [g] [w] ˻ƤȤȤϡȶθȤ롥̼Ļˡ֥åޡפ֥åޡפȳФƤޤäȤ㤬롥[regg(u) woːmaː] [reggu goːmaː] ȼ줿Τ3ܤ4ܤζ˸θǤ롥
Ҷθ㤨ʹ㤤ȤȤǤСǶμˤˤʤȤơ֥ȥåȡơѡפ롥ȥá֥ȡפ [t] ˤꡤϤ [p] ĴƱʿʹƱˤ [t] ȤʤäΤȹͤ롥ʹȤƬ褮äΤϡ[2009-07-26-1]ε#90. taper paperפǤ롥εǤϡƱ (assimilation) ǤϤʤष۲ (dissimilation) ä櫓
߷ ˧ͺ (Խ紴)رѸ츻ŵ١ҡ1997ǯ
ʸ嵭2022/10/02(Sun) 2022/05/01 Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ˤơ#335. cow beef butter Ʊ캬äƾ̤ǤפȤƼ夲ޤʲɤ
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