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2019-06-24 Mon

#3710. ĸӵͭĺϥƥǤϤ褽 f Ȥʤ [indo-european][latin][sound_change][consonant][grimms_law][labiovelar][italic][greek][phonetics]

ѸΥܥӥΤˡ֥ˡ§ (grimms_law) ؤǤȤΩĤȤȤ֤ʤ֥ˡ§פѸ˾פʤΤʤɤƤȴϢƻ޼䤵ˤĤƲ⤷ƤĸӵͭĺϡѸȥƥ졦ե󥹸ǤϳơɤΤ褦ʲȯŸȤǤ롥
ĸӵͭĺ *bh, *dh, *gh, *gwh ϡޥɤ°ѸˤƤϡ֥ˡ§פθ̤ˤꡤơ§Ȥ b, d, g, g/w б롥
åɤ°ƥϡӵͭĺϡơ f, f, h, f бcf. #1147. βбɽ ([2012-06-17-1])ˡ츫̯бפ˥åɤǤϸ§ȤӵͭĺĴˤ餺 f ˶ᤤҲؤȼ̤ƤޤäȹͤФ褤
¤ϥåɤΤʤǤƥϡŪˤ䥤쥮顼б򼨤Ƭʳΰ֤ǤϾб򼨤ष֥ˡ§פβѲ򤯤ä褦 *bh > b, *dh > d, *gh > g 򼨤ΤǤ롥ʤߤ˥ꥷɤΥꥷǤϡơ̵ ph, th, kh Ȥʤ뤳Ȥա
̤Ȥơĸ졤ꥷ졤ʥޥĸˡѸˤӵͭĺ3βбϼΤ褦ˤʤʻ߷p. 1660--61ˡ

IEGkLGmcE
bhphāgósfāgusƀ, bbook
dhthúrāforēs (pl.)ð, ddoor
ghkhḗnanser (< *hanser)ʒ, ggoose


˴ؤƥåɤΤʤǥƥ줬ðۤʤȤϡFortson Ǥ⿨ƤΤǡ2ѤƤ

The characteristic look of the Italic languages is due partly to the widespread presence of the voiceless fricative f, which developed from the voiced aspirate[ stops]. Broadly speaking, f is the outcome of all the voiced aspirated except in Latin; there, f is just the word-initial outcome, and several other reflexes are found word-internally. (248)


The main hallmark of Latin consonantism that sets it apart from its sister Italic languages, including the closely related Faliscan, is the outcome of the PIE voiced aspirated in word-internal position. In the other Italic dialects, these simply show up written as f. In Latin, that is the usually outcome word-initially, but word-internally the outcome is typically a voiced stop, as in nebula 'cloud' < *nebh-oleh2, medius 'middle' < *medh(i)i̯o-, angustus 'narrow' < *anĝhos, and ninguit < *sni-n-gwh-eti)


߷ ˧ͺԡˡرѸ츻ŵ١ҡ1997ǯ
Fortson IV, Benjamin W. Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004.

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