ε#5860. ֤פȯμ¸ ([2025-05-13-1]) ³ܸ֤פˤޤĤꡥ碌¥֤áפˤĤƤͤ롥
ܸɴŵ٤ˡܸ첻פꤹ (pp. 251--52) ǡ¥˴ؤ붽̣ͻ롥ɽǤϻҲɽΤǻҲŪȲ뤳Ȥ¿ष첻ŪʤΤǤϤʤȤƶ252ǤѤ롥
ʤ¥ϰ츫ҲβȤԼΤ褦ˤפ뤬ϡ̣첻1ȸ뤳ȤǤ롥ʤȤ¥ϡ³ĺ䶹λ³ˤǤmnŋ ptk ǡֲִ뤤Ϥ˽ऺΡˤȰۤʤꡤष첻ʳλ³ˤ˻Ƥ롥ֻʥ١ʥáöפʤɸ治¥ϡ³ȼ褦¥°Ǥʤ³Ҳʥɤ d 䥿 tˤ°ȸ롥
ФѸ "bat" ʤɤ t ϡĺξԤޤ椨ܿͤˤϡ֥Хåȡפǡʹ롥̣¥ϡҲ nt ʤɤȶ̤줾 NTʤ뤤 QˤǡɽΤǤ̡ġ͡
ϲؤǤ⤢ꡤǤ⤢롥Ѹޤ¿θλ٤ȡܸΡü첻ǡפϳΤüǤϤ롥
ܸɴŵ١İ ɧۤ ԡ罤ۡ1988ǯ
ɸѤʵ¤ϸŪˤϴñˤʤ (syllable) ϲؤǤŪʳǰ¤ϰŪͿΤΤBussmann θѸ콸ɤǤߤ褦
syllable
Basic phonetic-phonological unit of the word or of speech that can be identified intuitively, but for which there is no uniform linguistic definition. Articulatory criteria include increased pressure in the airstream . . . , a change in the quality of individual sounds . . . , a change in the degree to which the mouth is opened. Regarding syllable structure, a distinction is drawn between the nucleus (= 'crest,' 'peak,' ie. the point of greatest volume of sound which, as a rule, is formed by vowels) and the marginal phonemes of the surrounding sounds that are known as the head (= 'onset,' i.e. the beginning of the syllable) and the coda (end of the syllable). Syllable boundaries are, in part, phonologically characterized by boundary markers. If a syllable ends in a vowel, it is an open syllable; if it ends in a consonant, a closed syllable. Sounds, or sequences of sounds that cannot be interpreted phonologically as syllabic (like [p] in supper, which is phonologically one phone, but belongs to two syllables), are known as 'interludes.'
̸βüԤˤȤäľŪñ̤̤ǰƬˤƵҴŪ꼰褦ȻߤƤ⡤ޤʤĴؤİвؤ¦ޤϲŪʲʤɤΤΡɬ⤭줤ˤǤʤǤüԤϲȤñ̤ΤäƤפ餷ȤΤ顤ԻĤ
ᤰäƤϡhellog ǤϢ夲Ƥʲεʤɤȡ
#347. ñʿѲϤɤΤ餤 ([2010-04-09-1])
#1440. ٥ ([2013-04-06-1])
#1513. ʹ١ ([2013-06-18-1])
#1563. ṽ¤ ([2013-08-07-1])
#3715. ṽ¤ Rhyme Ȥñ̤ǧ뺬 ([2019-06-29-1])
#4621. ⡼ --- ܸ줫ΰ̲ؤι ([2021-12-21-1])
#4853. ȥ⡼ ([2022-08-10-1])
Bussmann, Hadumod. Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Trans. and ed. Gregory Trauth and Kerstin Kazzizi. London: Routledge, 1996.
#4621. ⡼ --- ܸ줫ΰ̲ؤι ([2021-12-21-1]) ǡܸβñ̤Ȥ⡼ (mora) νѸƳ McCawley (1968) ˿줿Daniels, p. 63 ȡˡ
McCawley ܸβ mora νѸƳǥꥸʥäΤΡmora Ȥǰؤ˻ǽοͤǤϤʤOED mora, NOUN1 ˤȡ 3.b. ѸȤƤ mora ǤꡤФ1933ǯȤ롥ʲˤθιѤ롥
3.b. Linguistics. The smallest or basic unit of duration of a speech sound. 1933-
1933 In dealing with matters of quantity, it is often convenient to set up an arbitrary unit of relative duration, the mora. Thus, if we say that a short vowel lasts one mora, we may describe the long vowels of the same language as lasting, say, one and one-half morae or two morae. (L. Bloomfield, Language vii. 110)
1941 In many cases it will be found that an element smaller than the phonetic syllable functions as the accentual or prosodic unit; this unit may be called, following current practice, the mora... The term mora..is useful in avoiding confusion, even if it should turn out to mean merely phonemic syllable. (G. L. Trager in L. Spier et al., Language Culture & Personality 136)
1964 Each of the segments characterized by one of the successive punctual tones is called a mora. (E. Palmer, translation of A. Martinet, Elements of General Linguistics iii. 80)
1988 The terms 'bimoric' and 'trimoric' relate to the idea that these long vowels consist of two, respectively three, 'moras' or units of length, rather than the single 'mora' of short vowels. (Transactions of Philological Society vol. 86 137)
McCawley ѤƤʤΤǰǤ롥ˤ衤mora Ҥ뼭ǤȤϤ缭ǤϤʤ OED ñǤۤɰפǰǤϤʤΤΤ褦Ϣưʲε⻲ȡ
#4624. ܸΥ⡼鴶С ([2021-12-24-1])
#4853. ȥ⡼ ([2022-08-10-1])
Daniels, Peter T. "The History of Writing as a History of Linguistics." Chapter 2 of The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. Ed. Keith Allan. Oxford: OUP, 2013. 53--69.
McCawley, James D. The Phonological Component of a Grammar of Japanese. The Hague: Mouton, 1968.
ε#4853. ȥ⡼ ([2022-08-10-1]) ˰³ѸαΧоȤ롥ʲ (27--28) Ȥ롥
ܸϥ⡼ʲꥺ (mora-timed/syllable-timed rhythm) Ѹ϶ꥺ (stress-timed rhythm) ĤȤ롥
ܸΥ⡼ʲꥺȤϡƱĹñ̡ʥ⡼䲻ʤɤñ̤ǡܸξˤŵŪ˥⡼ˤϢ³ƸΤǡϢ³Υꥺ (rhythm of succession) 뤤ϡֵؽƥꥺ (machine-gun rhythm) ȤƤФ롥ѸüԤˤȤäơܸΥꥺϡ֥פΤ褦ñĴʤΤʹȤ
ѸζꥺȤϡΤ벻ȤʤȤŵŪ˸ߤ˸ΤǡָؤΥꥺ (rhythm of alternation) 뤤ϡ֥⡼륹ꥺ (Morse-code rhythm) Ȥ⤤롥ܸüԤˤȤäơѸΥꥺ϶ΥϥΤ벻βη֤ʹ롥ѸδŪʥꥺശϡΤ褦ŪоŪʤᡤߤ˰´礭
Ѹ줬ꥺĤȤϴְ㤤ʤѸˤδϡλ¤ǤвªƤɬפ롥űѸϽʶꥺθǤϤʤäȤ⤢뤷ѸǤФвꥺबʹ뤳ȤΤǤ롥ѸߤĤꥺळѸˤ̤˭٤ˤߤ첻ѲθưϤäȤ븫⤢롥Ѹˤˤꥺ (rhythm) ϡפΤۤ礭ʲεȡ
#1647. ˤ뱤ΧŪħμȵǽ ([2013-10-30-1])
#3387. ʤѸ첻ˤˤ첻Ѳ¿Τ ([2018-08-05-1])
#3644. Ѹ stress-timed ʸűѸ syllable-timed ʸ졩 ([2019-04-19-1])
#4470. եꥫϤαѸˤߤꥺȶη ([2021-07-23-1])
#4799. Jenkins ˤ "The Lingua Franca Core" ([2022-06-17-1])
ס1ϡסоȡѸؤδá١ʻ 졦⸫ ˡ ס ס ʡ¼ ҡˡˡǡ2013ǯ
塤 (syllable) ȥ⡼ (mora) ϰۤʤñ̤Ǥ롥⡼Τۤñ̤ǤꡤƤĹ첻2첻ϲȤƤ1ȥȤ뤬⡼ȤƤ2⡼ȥȤ롥ܸ줫㤫顤ξԤδطƤʷp. 15ˡ
| ñ | ⡼ | |
| ---------------------- | ----------------------------- | ----------- |
| Х | 3 (o.ba.ma) | 3 (o-ba-ma) |
| ֥å | 2 (bus.syu) | 3 (bu-s-syu) |
| ȥ | 3 (ku.rin.ton) | 5 (ku-ri-n-to-n) |
| ȥ西 | 3 (to.yo.ta) | 3 (to-yo-ta) |
| ۥ | 2 (hon.da) | 3 (ho-n-da) |
| ˥å | 2 (nis.san) | 4 (ni-s-sa-n) |
ʹ֤θȥ⡼ʬͤϡ֤ΰ㤤ªƤǡȥ⡼¸Ǥʤñ̤ȤªȤϤǤ롥ºݤˤϡѸΤ褦ʡֲפˤ⡼ɬפǤꡤܸɸˤΤ褦ˡ֥⡼פȤˤⲻԲķȤʤ롥
㤨бѸǤϡ1θ¿1⡼θϵƤʤ[pin] pin [pi:] pea Ȥ2⡼1¸ߤ뤬[pi] Ȥ1⡼Ĺ1¸ߤʤ¸ߤʤΤǤϤʤ¤Ū˵ƤʤΤǤ롥ġġά͡ġĺǾϱѸΥե٥åȯˤɽƤꡤե٥åȤ1ĤĸȤȯˤ A [æ] ǤϤʤ [ei]B [b] [bi] ǤϤʤ [bi:] 2⡼ʰʾˤĹȯ롥
⡼ȤܸɸˤεҤˤⲻȤñ̤ԲķȤʤ롥㤨гû̷ˤϡά͡2⡼ʾפȤǤʤ2ʾפȤݤ롥祳ʡ祳졼ȡˤ䥹ȡʡ㥹ȥ饤ˤȤ22⡼ṳ̂ϤäƤ⡤*ѥʡѥեåȡˤ*ʡ㥷ݥˡ*ѡʡѡޥȡʥˡˤȤû̷ƤʤΤϤΤǤ롥2⡼βǻϤޤ3⡼ܤޤǤĤơ2û̷ʥѥաݡѡޡˤФ롥
顤ȥ⡼ΧȿŪñ̤ǤϤʤ1ĤθΤʤƱ路䴰Ūʴطˤñ̤ȤȤ館ɬפ뤳Ȥʬ롥ܸβ⡼ˤĤƤϡʲε⻲ȡ
#1023. ܸμȿ ([2012-02-14-1])
#3719. ܸϳ졤ѸIJ ([2019-07-03-1])
#3720. ʤѸ make ܸ˼Ѥȸ첻 /u/ ΤĤ meiku /meiku/ ȤʤΤǤ ([2019-07-04-1])
#4621. ⡼ --- ܸ줫ΰ̲ؤι ([2021-12-21-1])
#4624. ܸΥ⡼鴶С ([2021-12-24-1])
ס1ϡסоȡѸؤδá١ʻ 졦⸫ ˡ ס ס ʡ¼ ҡˡˡǡ2013ǯ
ܸĹ¥Τ褦ü첻ǤϡǤϰ̲Ȥβ (syllable) 뤳ȤϤǤʤΤΡܸüԤˤȤäƤϻ¾β1ñ̤ȤǧƤ롥ǧƤȤ⡤ܸβδפΤΤǤꡤ줬ʤܸβ²ΤжΩʤȤۤɤɬǤȤ롥
?ס֤áס֤פɽ蘆벻Ǥ֤ס֤ס֤פƱñ̡ʥ⡼ˤȤߤʤޤ礦ȤäȤǡܸ2ȤƳؽԤˤȤäƤ褦Ǥ롥ؿܸ춵ŵ٤ p. 16 ˼Τ褦ʰ롥
ܸ춵θǤϡüΥ⡼鴶Ф뤳ȤκĤޤꡤü1⡼ȤƤĹȯˤϤɤ褤뤳ȤĤȤ˻ŦƤ롥Ҳ뤤첻1ĤüϡҲ첻̾μΩʤȤСܡ/me/ֺ/sa/ʤɡˤ³֤ûΤΡܸüԤˤ1⡼ʬĹĤγФ롥⡼ȤǰϡܸΤߤѤ櫓ǤϤʤ⡼ȤܸǤϡ⡼Ȥñ̤ԲķǤ뤳Ȥءİвء쿴ءءǾʳؤʤɡޤޤʬθ椫餫ˤƤ롥
ܸˤȤäƤΥ⡼ȤϲʤΤܸؤˤǤꡤ䤬ʾ櫓ˤ⤤ʤȤƤľѤҴŪʸѸˤäư֤ŤȤħȤơ夲ƤߤΡ#4621. ⡼ --- ܸ줫ΰ̲ؤι ([2021-12-21-1]) εȡ
ؿܸ춵ŵ١ܸ춵ز ԡ罤۽Ź2005ǯ
ʸˤ⤷Ƥ Daniels (63) ˡܸβ̾ʿ̾Ҳ̾ˤ⡼˴ŤʸǤ뤳ȤڤƤ롥λ¤ΤΤܸؤǤ뤵ƤܿȤǤⲿǤʤ (syllable) ǤϤʤ⡼ (mora) ȤŪñ̤ؤ˻ޤ줿ۤʤܸ츦ˤäȤȤΤäܸβ̾ɽ䲻Τ˥⡼ȤǰȤɬפݡޤˤΤƳ줿ǰäΤ
The term 'mora' was introduced into modern linguistics by McCawley (1968) to render a term (equivalent to 'letter') for the characters in the two Japanese 'syllabaries' ('kana'), hiragana and katakana, which denote not merely the (C)V syllables of the language but also a syllable-closing nasal or length.
⡼Ȳۤʤñ̤Ǥ뤳Ȥϡʲ㤫ʬ롥פˡĹ¥Τ褦ü첻ǤϡΩˤϤʤʤΩ⡼ˤϤʤ롥
֤ʤ (Nagasaki) 4⡼4
֤ (Ōsaka) 4⡼3
֥åȡ (roketto) 4⡼3
֤֤ (shimbun) 4⡼2
Ȥϰۤʤ뤬ܸüԤˤȤäƤ餫ΩʤȤߤʤƤ⤦1ĤβŪñ̡줬ܸΥ⡼Ǥ롥̾γʸˤϡ褽줤1ĤΥ⡼餬бƤ롥
Daniels, Peter T. "The History of Writing as a History of Linguistics." Chapter 2 of The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. Ed. Keith Allan. Oxford: OUP, 2013. 53--69.
McCawley, James D. The Phonological Component of a Grammar of Japanese. The Hague: Mouton, 1968.
[2012-02-12-1]ε#1021. ѸܸβǤμȿפǤϡǤȤñ̤ξΰǤȤñ̤ǤϤɤϡܸΰɽʲŵ϶İ (90)
| a | i | u | e | o | ja | ju | jo | (je) | wa | (wi) | (we) | wo |
| ha | hi | hu | he | ho | hja | hju | hjo | (hje) | (hwa) | (hwi) | (hwe) | (hwo) |
| ga | gi | gu | ge | go | gja | gju | gjo | (gwa) | ||||
| ka | ki | ku | ke | ko | kja | kju | kjo | (kwa) | ||||
| ŋa | ŋi | ŋu | ŋe | ŋo | ŋja | ŋju | ŋjo | |||||
| da | (di) | (du) | de | do | (dju) | |||||||
| ta | (ti) | (tu) | te | to | (tju) | |||||||
| na | ni | nu | ne | no | nja | nju | njo | |||||
| ba | bi | bu | be | bo | bja | bju | bjo | |||||
| pa | pi | pu | pe | po | pja | pju | pjo | |||||
| ma | mi | mu | me | mo | mja | mju | mjo | |||||
| za | zi | zu | ze | zo | zja | zju | zjo | (zje) | ||||
| sa | si | su | se | so | sja | sju | sjo | (sje) | ||||
| (ca) | ci | cu | (ce) | (co) | cja | cju | cjo | (cje) | ||||
| ra | ri | ru | re | ro | rja | rju | rjo | |||||
| N | T | R |
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