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phatic_communion - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2023-02-16 Thu

#5043. ҲŪ« --- ŪǽȤƤθ԰ [pragmatics][philosophy_of_language][history_of_language][communication][phatic_communion][terminology]

#5040. Ѹǡ֥ɥĤפŪɽˡ19 --- ȯù԰٤̣臘 ([2023-02-13-1]) Ǥˤ̤ꡤȯù԰ (speech_act) ϸνפʥơޤ1ĤǤ롥ůؤؤȵڤƤǤꡤůؤǤ԰ȤѸ줬ŪʲǤϡȤ Senft Ѹˤ碌̣ǡָ԰١פѤ롥
԰٤Ȥϲ塼ˤСϡּҲŪ«ϡ (socially binding force) ĤΤȤ졤ŪôäƤȶĴ롥ĹSenft (46--47) Ѥ롥

塼ϡ԰٤˴ؤ뤳ξϤˤơָ԰٤μҲŪ« (socially binding force) ̤ܤסҲŪ«θ§ (PRINCIPLE OF SOCIAL BINDING) 꼰뤳ȤˤäιͤͤϤ롥Ϥθ§ֿʹ֤θǤʤʹ֤ȿʹְʳΰռŪʥߥ˥Τ٤Ƥ¾ηϤ⡤ΤǤפȹͤ (Seuren 2009: 140) θ§ϼΤ褦˽Ҥ٤롥

٤ƤܵθŪȯäϡä¦ΡʶϲѤΡ˵̳ (COMMITMENT) ʶϲѤΡʹȯ줿 (APPEAL) ΤȯáϤɽ줿̿ꡤ뤤ϸƤӤHey, you over there! ʡ֤Τסˡˤˤƾ (APPELATION (sic)) ˴ؤƹư§ (INSTITUTION OF A RULE OF BEHAVIOUR) Τ줫μΡҲŪ«δطϽФȤ (FORCE) ġ
԰٤οͤ˴ؤͭǤҲŪ֤ϡȯáϤϤξ (FORCE FIELD) 롥(Seuren 2009: 140)

塼ˤȤäơθ§ϰθȵ̳Ŀ͡ʤǤȸĿͤºĿ͡«롥ο͡ϡ֡Ǥꡤ٤Ƥܵθ԰٤ϡˤʡ뤤ϽפǤʤΤǤäƤ⡤äʹδ֤ǤطϽФ (Seuren 2009: 140) ҲŪ«θ§ָŪפǤꡤֿʹ֤θǤʤ (sign) ˤ뤤ʤΥߥ˥ˤȤäƤŪǤħŤ뤳ȤϡSeuren 2009: 158 ⻲ȡˡγؼԤˤȤäơָŪǤϽФΤƻǤꡤžΤΤΤǤʤȡפ̣ (Seuren 2009: 140) 塼ϡ԰٤˴ϢƤιͤȯŸΤȤĴ롥

٤Ƥθ԰٤ϡҲŪ«δط뤤ϻ֤ϽФȤ̣ǹ԰ٿŪǤĸδŪʵǽϡˤĤƤξΰưȤ̣ (sense) ǤΡ֥ߥ˥פǤϤʤҲŪ«Ĥޤ<!-- for reference -->ȯä뤤ϸ԰٤ˤäɽ̿˴ؤпʹ֤ΡҲŪ«δطϽФǤ롥μμҲŪ«ʹ֤μҲ1ĤɬܾǤҲδ쵡ˤ濴ŪǤǤ뤳Ȥ餫ˤʤǤ(Seuren 2009: 147)


塼ˤȤäơ԰٤ϸػˤˤƤޤ˷ڻ뤵Ƥϥߥ˥ƻǤȤ׹ͤƻȸ뤳Ȥ¿äΤΡּҲŪ«ϡפȤƤޤȤ򤵤줿ȤϤʤäȤϡƼҲλθѤȤäƤ褤

Senft, Gunter ˡк ͡Ϥ ׻ҡˡظδä򤹤롡ǡ١ҡ2022ǯ
Seuren, Pieter A. M. Language from Within Vol. I.: Language in Cognition. Oxford: OUP, 2009.

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2022-10-24 Mon

#4928. phatic communion ˬ [phatic_communion][youtube][sociolinguistics][pragmatics][function_of_language]

YouTube 69ޤֻȥǥѤҸŪáPhatic communionŪߥ˥ˡǤ



phatic_communion ˤĤƤǤŪʸŪҸŪŪ˸Ѥʤɤޤ͡ˤεǽ (function_of_language) 1ĤǤΰ饹⡼ȡüĤƱΤβäޤǡ򴹤ΤΤ礿ŪʤΤǤϤʤդ魯Ȥ켫ΤŪȤʤ褦ʸѤȤΤޤΤ褦ʾ̤ǤϡդȤϤۤɽפǤʤդ魯Ȥ԰٤ΤΤҲطۤΤ˽פʤ櫓Ǥ
McArthur αѸѸ켭ŵѤޤ

PHATIC COMMUNION [1923: from Greek phatós spoken: coined by the Polish anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski]. Language used more for the purpose of establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact than for exchanging information or ideas: in speech, informal comments on the weather (Nice day again, isn't it?) or an enquiry about health at the beginning of a conversation or when passing someone in the street (How's it going? Leg better?); in writing, the conventions for opening or closing a letter (All the best, Yours faithfully), some of which are formally taught in school. . .


εǽȤоãȻפǤ¿ȻפޤǤϤޤphatic communion Τ褦ˡȤ̤˶᤯Ȥ⡤Ǥդ魯ȤˤդƤޤΤεǽ˵ŤƤȤϡѸؽˤƤȤƤǤʤʤСȾαѸؽԤϡο͡Ⱦ򴹤뤿֤פ˱ѸؤǤȿǤޤäƤ뤫ǤǤϸʱѸˤεǽ򤢤ޤ˶ƤޤäƤ뤳ȤˤʤޤդäȹȤ館Ƥߤޤ󤫡
phatic communion ˴Ϣ¿ͤǤȤаʲε

#523. εǽȸѲ ([2010-10-02-1])
#1071. Jakobson ˤ6Ĥεǽ ([2012-04-02-1])
#1559. в񤤤̤ΰ ([2013-08-03-1])
#1564. face ([2013-08-08-1])
#1771. ܼŪʵǽ1ĤȤƤ phatic communion ([2014-03-03-1])
#2003. ܥꥸˡȥդΤ٤δ ([2014-10-21-1])
#2700. Źˤ륳ߥ˥ ([2016-09-17-1])
#2818. 蘆εǽ ([2017-01-13-1])

McArthur, Tom, ed. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford: OUP, 1992.

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2017-01-13 Fri

#2818. ???????????????? [function_of_language][phatic_communion][sociolinguistics][communication][accommodation_theory][solidarity]

ؤ蘆Ȥϲ٤ɤҲؤΥߥ˥ǥΩ줫Ρ蘆 (rumor) ʬϤҲŪʴؿäɤ᤿ߥ˥صŪˡƻŪ (instrumental) ʤΤȼŪŪ (consummatory) ʤΤʬȡ蘆ϸԤΤۤܶᤷƤ롥Ŀͤ˴ؤ뤦蘆Ǥ르åפͤȡƤ˾ȤƤβͤ⤢ˤϤ뤬¿ξ硤åפ뤳ȼΤŪǤ롥͡ϥåפΤˤ虜虜ޤäꡤ磻ɥ硼򸫤ꤹΤǤ롥
(109--10) ǽҤ٤Ƥ뤬蘆ˤϡ֤äɡפȤ줬ĤȤ¿ϻͿԤδ֤˿̩ʿʹִطʤ solidarity ФŪʤǤꡤºݤˤ蘆Ƥ̩⤱Сsolidarity Ϥ˹ޤ롥
ޤ蘆γϡͿԤΡֵζͭפȤ⿼طʾġp. 110ˡҳˤ蘆ǥޤޤ䤹Τϡ͡Ʊ褦˴Ūʾˤ뤫Ǥꡤξ褹뤿ξͭȤ⤢뤬ʾˡ԰¤ä뤿ˤߤʤȰˤȤ롥蘆߽Ф solidarity ޤȤϸߤ˽Ĺ礦طˤ롥
(113--14) ϡåפ3Ĥεǽ˸ڤƤ롥ޤ־ǽפ롥åפΤΤͤˤĤƤξǤȤȤǤϤʤΥåפ鲿餫ζФˤϡŪʾȤˤʤ롥ˡֽĵϤηǧǽפ롥ͤϤ르åפ¾ͤȶͭ뤳ȤǿĤФꡤ«򶯤᤿ꤹΤǤʤ accommodation_theory ȤϢ롥#1482. ʤ go β went ˤʤ뤫 (2) ([2013-05-18-1]) 򻲾ȡˡǸˡ֥󥿡ƥȤεǽפǤ롥ͤϲä¥ʺޤȤơñ˳ڤΤȤƥåפ롥
ʤ顤蘆䥴åפϸѤ (discourse) 1ĤǤ롥äơ嵭ΥåפεǽϡεǽΰǤ⤢Ϥοʹִط۵ǽȤȤǤСϢơ#1771. ܼŪʵǽ1ĤȤƤ phatic communion ([2014-03-03-1])#1071. Jakobson ˤ6Ĥεǽ ([2012-04-02-1]) ε׻ȡ

ؤ蘆Ȥϲ١ҡӡ2014ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-10-24-1] [2017-01-14-1]

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2016-09-17 Sat

#2700. Źˤ륳ߥ˥ [cryptology][communication][phatic_communion][function_of_language][semiotics]

ε#2699. Źؤȸء ([2016-09-16-1]) κǸ˿줿褦ˡϥåȤߵȤȤȯãƤȹͤˤ⤫餺ǿϥåƿȤߵŹ浻ѤȯãƤϡˤ륳ߥ˥˴ؤ̷ȹͤ뤫⤷ʤ褯ͤƤߤȡŹϸ쥳ߥ˥̷ܼ⤹Ȥ⡤षΤ¦̤ˤ˿䤷ʤ᤿ΤȤߤʤΤǤϤʤȤΤϡŹ楳ߥ˥ˤƤϡˤȤϤΤΡषåȤߵϤȤ˶Ǥ롥
ºݡ#1070. Jakobson ˤưԲķ6Ĥιǡ ([2012-04-01-1]) οޤˤơΡ֤Ȥ (message)פְŹפɤؤƤ⡤οޤϤΤޤѤǤ롥ۤʤȤ⤢롥Ź楳ߥ˥ǤäʹľܤĤʤܿ (contact)פβϩտŪ˶ꤵƤꡤ¾ŪǤ뤳Ȥˡ̾θ쥳ߥ˥ˤƤ⡤٤¾ꤵ뵡Ϥ롥㤨СҤҤä修ʤɤǤϡʪŪˡܿ¤Ƥ롥ȤŹ楳ߥ˥ǤϡʪŪˡܿ¤뤳ȤޤߤϤ뤬ʾ˽פˡȤơָη (code) פˤҤͤäȤʤѤ롥äʹˤͭʤ¾ŪʥɤѤ뤳ȤˤꡤŪ¾ԤܿǤʤФƤΤǤ롥
Τ褦ˡ̾θ쥳ߥ˥椹ȡŹ楳ߥ˥ܼ⤭Ħˤʤ롥äʹ꤬¾Ūʥɤˤ¾Ūܿδط夲¾Ūʥߥ˥ϩȤΤŹ楳ߥ˥Τ褦ֻפФơפȤ礤դϡŪʰŹΰϰŹ楳ߥ˥ˤ phatic_communion θΤǤ (see #1771. ܼŪʵǽ1ĤȤƤ phatic communion ([2014-03-03-1])#1071. Jakobson ˤ6Ĥεǽ ([2012-04-02-1])) Ź򵭹ŪƤߤΤ⤪⤷

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2014-10-21 Tue

#2003. ܥꥸˡȥդΤ٤δ [ethnography_of_speaking][sociolinguistics][phatic_communion]

#1633. ٤̱ۤ²ء ([2013-10-16-1])#1644. ٤̱ۤ² (2) ([2013-10-27-1])#1646. ȯù԰٤ʸ ([2013-10-29-1]) ǡΤĤʸˤ뤪٤ȯù԰٤Ӥϡؤγ路 Foley 򻲾ȤȥꥢΥܥꥸˡ (Aborigine) ȡͥΥ² (Wolof) ɲä٤̱² (ethnography_of_speaking) Υꥨ̣襤
衼åѷϤʸѤȥꥢͤϡäˤܿͤȤ礭ۤʤʤϢδ˽äƤ롥̾ȯäʹ˸졤ܤ碌뤳Ȥ¿ȯäϤ褽緫˰ͤҤȤ֤äƤơƱʣüԤȯä뤳Ȥ򤱤뷹롥äؤäƤȤȴȤˤϡ餫ΰ蘆Τ̤Ǥ롥ơμϹͭ٤ȤDzäʹԤ롥Τ褦ʤ٤δϡƤԤˤȤäƤϤޤΤ褦˻פ졤ƱΤ褽٤Ƥθʸˤ⤢ƤϤޤȿƤ롥
ȥꥢΥܥꥸˡϰۤʤ뤪٤κˡ򼨤ȯäʹ˸ȤϡïˤȤʤ "broadcast" 졤ߤ˻碌뤳Ȥ׵ᤵʤʹ⼫ʬ˸줿ȯäǤϤʤΤ顤ɬ̳ʤˤʤޤ٤֤ˤ̤ʵϤϤʤäؤؤν˺ݤƤ⡤ߤ˰魯ǤʤŤꡤŤȴƤΤ̾Foley (253) ̤θԤѤܥꥸˡŵŪʲʤƸ褦

A group of men is sitting on a beach facing the sea. They are there for some hours and little is said. After a long period of silence someone says: "Tide's coming in." Some of the group murmur "Yes" but most remain silent. After another very long pause someone says "Tide's coming in". And there is some scattered response. This happens many times until someone says: "Must be tide's going out."


ơȥꥢǤϡ衼åѤδ§äˡʾ٤ԤƤ롥Τ褦ˡʾ٤ϡۤʤ뤪٤ʸĥܥꥸˡˤȤä餫ޤǤ롥ܥꥸˡڿͤȤΩ졤Ƥ̤ꤷ褦ڿͤϡ䤬ʬФƸƤȤϰռɬפ򴶤ʤ⤷ʤɤ˵İԤ̤ΥܥꥸˡƤޤǽ롥̤ξˤϡڿͤĹȤäï˸ƤȤʤϤƤޤȤ⤢ꤦ롥ι԰٤ϡܥꥸˡΤ٤˴ؤ봷ؤ­ƤСˡؤ԰٤Ȥߤʤ줦롥ˡܥꥸˡʸǤϡμ򳫼븢ϡ²طεˤäƵĤ줿ԤΤߤͿ뤿ᡤθ⤿ʤڿͤϡȤפʾڵΤäƤȤƤ⡤ˡdz뤳Ȥफ⤷ʤơΤ褦ʾڿͤϡŪǤȤߤʤ줫ͤʤȤ٤٤ʸΰ㤤ˤꡤפäƤߤʤ໤뤳Ȥ⤢ꤦΤǤ롥
䤿ˤȤäưۼ˸뤪٤ʸ򼨤2ܤȤơͥΥ²夲褦Ȥ櫓νв񤤤ΰ˴ؤҲŪάϡʹƤȡ©줷ۤɤFoley (256--58) ˤȡ²2ͤв񤦤Ȥˤɬ򤹤Τɤ餬ɤݤ뤫ˤꡤ2ͤδ֤μҲطŪ뤤ϻ³Ū˷ꤷƤޤȤդμҲǤϡ²Ƚ̱2ؤ̤졤ԤˤϼưŪǤȤʤ䤬ԤˤǽưŪǤ٤䤬줾ҲŪͿƤ롥ˤƤ⡤ȤŪˤǤ2ͤδ֤ξ岼طꤷʤؿʤळȤǤʤᡤ٤äƲ˽ФԤ鰧θդȯ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥줿ϡۤǾ餸뤳ȤԤ졤˱Ȥʰ¦䤷줿¦Ȥʬôʤɡˤ³Ȥˤʤ롥ϡ鵻Τߤʤ餺ºŪˤҲŪ˾̤Ǥ뤳ȤްդΤǡ㤨зкŪʱܤȤʤɤԤƤޤνˤäƤȤꤢꤷ岼طϡä̤ơ̤άʰΰ줫ΤľռʤɡˤˤäƵžǤ뤬ʣʸĤȿ郎Ÿ뤳Ȥˤʤ뤫⤷ʤϤߤȡҤȤĤ¤ʽȤʤꤦΤǤ롥
2ͤδ֤δطǧ礤ߥ˥βϩ򳫤ΤȤǽʤ phatic_communion ôäƤ뤳ȤϡդǤܤǤⲤƤǤƱǤ롥դǤϡϤäѶŪ2ͤμҲŪʾ岼طꤹȤôäƤðۤǤ롥
ոˤĤƤϡ#1623. ͥ¿Ծ --- ޥȥߥμҲء ([2013-10-06-1]) ⻲Ȥ줿

Foley, William A. Anthropological Linguistics: An Introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1997.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-10-24-1]

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2014-03-03 Mon

#1771. ܼŪʵǽ1ĤȤƤ phatic communion [pragmatics][function_of_language][phatic_communion]

2֤ε#1769. Ogden and Richards semiotic triangle ([2014-03-01-1]) ȡ#1770. semiotic triangle դľܤˤĤʤäƤȤθ ([2014-03-02-1]) ǡOgden and Richards The Meaning of Meaning äƱ˱ƶȤơݡޤƹμҲؼ Malinowski 󤲤ʤ櫓ϤˤʤMalinowski ϡphatic communion ȤѸߤοƤǤ롥
εǽ1ĤȤƤ phatic communion ˤĤƤϡ#523. εǽȸѲ ([2010-10-02-1]) #1071. Jakobson ˤ6Ĥεǽ ([2012-04-02-1]) ǿ줿٤Malinowski ˤСεǽϸνǽΤʤǤǤ⸶ŪܼŪʤΤǤ롥̤˸ "an instrument of thought" Ȥߤʤ줬ष켫ΤҲŪʹ԰٤ǤȤ "a mode of action" ǤȡMalinowski ϼĥ롥phatic communion ϸԤɽǤꡤȤ櫓ϼҲˤ쵡ǽʬ롥ζɽʸҲǤϡphatic communion ϡ "an instrument of thought" ȤƤεǽαŪΩʤʤäƤ褦˻פ뤬ºݤˤϰŤ̵äʤɤη֤̮³Ƥ롥
Malinowski (315) ˤ롤phatic communion Υꥸʥ򼨤

   There can be no doubt that we have here a new type of linguistic use---phatic communion I am tempted to call it, actuated by the demon of terminological invention---a type of speech in which ties of union are created by a mere exchange of words. Let us look at it from the special point of view with which we are here concerned; let us ask what light it throws on the function or nature of language. Are words in Phatic Communion used primarily to convey meaning, the meaning which is symbolically theirs? Certainly not! They fulfil a social function and that is their principal aim, but they are neither the result of intellectual reflection, nor do they necessarily arouse reflection in the listener. Once again we may say that language does not function here as a means of transmission of thought.
   But can we regard it as a mode of action? And in what relation does it stand to our crucial conception of context of situation? It is obvious that the outer situation does not enter directly into the technique of speaking. But what can be considered as situation when a number of people aimlessly gossip together? It consists in just this atmosphere of sociability and in the fact of the personal communion of these people. But this is in fact achieved by exchange of words, by the specific feelings which form convivial gregariousness, by the give and take of utterances which make up ordinary gossip. The whole situation consists in what happens linguistically. Each utterance is an act serving the direct aim of binding hearer to speaker by a tie of some social sentiment or other. Once more language appears to us in this function not as an instrument of reflection but as a mode of action.


̣Ǥ phatic communion ϡüԤİԤδ֤ˡˤ̿βϩƤ뤫ɤǧǧ뤿θѤȤ롥㤨СޥƥȤǤΡŷʤꡤŷʤפ䡤ȾΰäǤΡ֤ʹ뤫פ phatic communion ȸMalinowski ǰƬˤ phatic communion ϡƤǤϤʤѤ켫ΤҲŪʰ̣ĥˤ쵡ǽ򹭤ؤƤ롥Ť̵äʤɤϡˤäƼ¸Ȥü𤬤ǡͤȿͤȤθ򴶤˻񤹤ȤǤϡ߲񡤥ǡȡĤ󡤥󥷥åפʤɤι԰٤ƱŪäƤΤǤ롥

Malinowski, Bronislaw. "The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages." Supplement 1. The Meaning of Meaning. C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards. San Diego, New York, and London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989. 296--336.

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2013-08-08 Thu

#1564. face [face][politeness][terminology][euphemism][honorific][phatic_communion][t/v_distinction][solidarity]

#1559. в񤤤̤ΰ ([2013-08-08-1]) ǿ줿 Goffman face-work ϡǯθҲؤܤ politeness ˤͭ˾ȤߤʤƤ롥
ˤ륳ߥ˥ˤ衤¾μҲŪʸήˤ衤ͤŪŪʥͥ륮䤷ʤ餽˽Ƥ롥ʤͤϤ虜虜Τ褦ʤȤ򤹤ΤҲ񤫤ݤ¤ƤޤǡήޤΤϤʤߵˤΤȤΤǤǤ뤬㤨 phatic communion ʸŪѡˤϤɤΤ褦ˤߵ­˴طȤΤꥫμҲؼ Goffman ϡͤϤߤ face ȤǰäƤꡤºŤ礦Ȥ԰ (face-work) ˤäƼҲĤǤȼĥGoffman (213) ˤȡface ȤϼΤ褦ʤΤǤ롥

The term face may be defined as the positive social value a person effectively claims for himself by the line others assume he has taken during a particular contact. Face is an image of self delineated in terms of approved social attributes---albeit an image that others may share, as when a person makes a good showing for his profession or religion by making a good showing for himself.


ܸˤܤ򼺤ס̻ҤŤ󤺤פʤɤɽΤ face γǰʬ䤹Ѹˤ "to lose/save face" Ȥ롥
face-work ιҤϡHudson (113--14) ʲ̤˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

The basic idea of the theory is this: we lead unavoidably social lives, since we depend on each other, but as far as possible we try to lead our lives without losing our own face. However, our face is a very fragile thing which other people can very easily damage, so we lead our social lives according to the Golden Rule ('Do to others as you would like them to do to you!') by looking after other people's faces in the hope that they will look after ours. . . . Face is something that other people give to us, which is why we have to be so careful to give it to them (unless we consciously choose to insult them, which is exceptional behaviour).


ͤˤϼ¾Ȥǧ̻ҡפ롥ʬϤʤ褦ϤƤƱˡ¾ͤ⤽ΩơĤʤ褦ϤƤ롥줬face-work θ
Brown and Levinson politeness θ衤face ˤ positive face negative face 2ब̤ȸ롥ξԤȤ˼¾ºŤɽ魯ԤϤοͤؤºŤ򼨤ȡԤϤοͤθºŤ뤳Ȥб롥ζ̤ɬʬ䤹ΤǤϤʤHudson ˤ줾 solidarity-face power-face ȸƤӤƤ (114)

Solidarity-face is respect as in I respect you for . . ., i.e. the appreciation and approval that others show for the kind of person we are, for our behaviour, for our values and so on. If something threatens our solidarity-face we feel embarrassment or shame. Power-face is respect as in I respect your right to . . ., which is a 'negative' agreement not to interfere. This is the basis for most formal politeness, such as standing back to let someone else pass. When our power-face is threatened we feel offended. . . . Solidarity-politeness shows respect for the person, whereas power-politeness respects their rights.


ƤԤ˸ƤӤ mate, love, darling, Hi! ʤɤ solidarity-politeness Ǥꡤܾοͤ˸ƤӤɾΡplease ʤɤǫɽնʸˡʤɤ power-politeness Ǥ롥Ѹ T/V distinction äοƤߤ thou ȷɤ you ϡۤʤ졤 face ºŤ politeness ι԰٤ȤȤˤʤ롥
Ϣơ#1059. ϽŻ뤫ְռŻؿܤƤ T/V distinction ([2012-03-21-1]) ȡ#1552. T/V distinction face ([2013-07-27-1]) εӡ#1126. 衼åѤμ׸ˤ T/V distinction ε ([2012-05-27-1]) ĥäε򻲾Ȥ줿ִפˤĤƤܸɤߤ䤹ʸȤƤϡܿϺΡظμҲءȤΤ٤3Ϥ󤲤Ƥ

Goffman, Erving. "On Face-Work: An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction." Psychiatry 18 (1955): 213--31.
Hudson, R. A. Sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 1996.
ϺظμҲءȤΤ١ҡӡ2013ǯ.

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2013-08-03 Sat

#1559. в񤤤̤ΰ [function_of_language][politeness][face][phatic_communion]

νפʵǽ1Ĥˡphatic communion ʸŪѡˤ롥򴹤ȤϡȤδطۡݻ뤿ȯäǡĹ碌פȹͤȤ狼䤹ŵǤꡤѤϤƤŪŪȤϵΤΤȹͤۤŬڤ⤷ʤǤϡʤȤɬפʤΤ㤨Св񤤤̤ΰˤơǤդȤɬܤǤ롥ʤ͡ϵ餸ɬפΤ
¿̾Υߥ˥Ǥϡޤв񤤤ΰ蘆졤ߥ˥Τ³̤ΰ蘆ƽλ롥̡в񤤤̤ΰϤνǥåȤȤ򤵤Ƥ뤬ȯۤžơޤ̤ΰ蘆졤ߥ˥Ժߤ³в񤤤ΰ蘆롤ȹͤƤߤ褦̯ʽΤ褦˻פ뤬Ǥ⤷ƶ롥ߥ˥ԺߤûͽۤȤ㤨ˤƲ񤹤ϤȤ̤ξ̤Ǥϡ֤㤢͡ס֥ХХפȷڤѤޤ뤳Ȥ¿Ĺֲ񤦤ȤϤʤͽۤȤ㤨гǤǸ3ǯֲ񤨤ʤ⤷ʤȤ̤ǤϡڤѤޤˡդԤ̤ΰҤ٤롥դǽҤ٤ǤʤϤʤऱʤѰդꡤ̤ꤹʤɤϫ뤳Ȥ餢롥ʱ̤ʻ̡ˤ˻äƤϡĤ줿ԤϡˤƤ԰٤ˤƤ⡤򵷤Ȥθ¤ԤΤǤ롥
̤ˡ³Ժߴ֤Ĺ㤷ơ̤ΰ䵷ĹƱͤˡ֤򤪤Ƽ˺Ʋ񤹤ȤԺߴ֤Ĺ㤷ơв񤤤ΰ䵷ĹȤȤ⡤ïиΤäƤ롥face-work Goffman ϡΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

Greetings provide a way of showing that a relationship is still what it was at the termination of the previous coparticipation, and, typically, that this relationship involves sufficient suppression of hostility for the participants temporarily to drop their guards and talk. Farewells sum up the effect of the encounter upon the relationship and show what the participants may expect of one another when they next meet. The enthusiasm of greetings compensates for the weakening of the relationship caused by the absence just terminated, while the enthusiasm of farewells compensates the relationship for the harm that is about to be done to it by separation. (229)


ĹԺߴˡȤδ֤ˤޤǹۤƤҲŪطζƤ椯Ȥ򤱤ʤθޤ븺ʬ碌ƤȤΤ̤εǤꡤºݤθʬ夫䤪ȤΤƲεʤΤǤϤʤդˤ밧ϡ̤Ƚв񤤤˺ݤεΰʤΤ褦ʸݤϡΤľ򴹰ʳ䡤ʤҲŪطۡݻƳǧƤǡмҲؤ°ȤäƤ褤СμҲؤȤʬǤ롥

Goffman, Erving. "On Face-Work: An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction." Psychiatry 18 (1955): 213--31.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-10-24-1]

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2012-04-02 Mon

#1071. Jakobson ˤ6Ĥεǽ [linguistics][function_of_language][phatic_communion]

ε#1070. Jakobson ˤưԲķ6Ĥιǡ ([2012-04-01-1]) κǸ˿줿褦ˡJakobson ˤȡư6ĤιǤϤ줾εǽ˴ˤ䤫б롥 (69--78) ˽ää

(1) ɽС1ιǤǤäбεǽϡ׹ͤ䴶ʤɤɽФǤ롥äϡʤѲؤȲФ (express) ơȯä롥֥áס֥ƥáδϽɽŪǤ롥֤פȶ֤ȤˤⴶɽФƤ뤬ʹФŪƯͤƤΤǡ (2) Ȥʣȹͤ롥
(2) ¾ư2ιǤǤʹбΤϡʹؤƯȤǽǤ롥ʹȿϡȤФˤ⤷ʤưˤ⤷ʤȽ̤Ǥʤ̯ʿѲ⤷ʤȿ򹭵ιưȤȤ館Сäȯϡʹʤ餫ιư¥Ƥ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥̿ᡤĩȯưΥԡʤɤϡ¾ưεǽ̩ܤ˴ؤ롥
(3) ̡3ιǤǤʪݤб롥äϡ̤ƳƤ뤳ȤᡤҡҡڡϿ롥̤ϡ̾κǤ뵡ǽȤߤʤƤꡤȤפʤ
(4) Ūǽ4ιǤǤ뤳ȤФΤΤܤǽǤ롥εǽŵŪʾȤƻͤ褦ˤϡ̤ɽФ֤ʤɤ⤢롥 (73--74) θդڤС֤ʤ٤ƻ¾ηʸءˤϰ̤λʸȰۤʤȤϡꥺࡤΧȿ֤ȤääμˡǡȤФȤǺΤ򡤶˸¤ޤǰФϤʤˤסǤϤʤ̾θѤξǤ䤿ĴҤϤº֤̤䤷繥Ǥ롥ŪǽȤϡǤϤʤɤΤ褦˸Ż뤹롤μʼ¸εǽȤȤǤ
(5) á5ιǤǤܿ˴ؤΤ (phatic) εǽǤ롥ưιǤȤƤܿȤϡäʹջ̤ˤơĹפ碌Ƥ֤Ǥ롥äȤϡĹ碌εǽˤۤʤʤƼμҸϡãƤפʤΤǤϤʤ魯԰٤ΤΤĹ碌Τ˽פʤΤǤ롥Ф̵äȤߤʤ롤̡٤ꡤüĤ⡤ƱΤΰδĹ碌ƯäƤ롥Ĺ碌βäϡषƤǤۤõǽò졤ŪˤȤäƤԹ礬褤small talk ˡŷΤʤ꤬Ф䤹ΤϤΤ
(6) ᥿졥6ιǤǤηϤ˴ϢΤϡˤĤƸȤεǽǤ롥(3) ̤γ뤳ȤǤΤФơ᥿εǽϸ줽ΤΤ뤳ȤǤ롥֤ñΰ̣ϲס֤̾Υ襦äƤɤס֤ʸμŦʤס֤οͤθոˤʤפʤɡΤ˸Ѥ뵡ϤȤΤۤ¿

ʾ夬褯ΤƤ6ǽǸεǽԤƤȤ櫓ǤϤʤˤϡäʹؤθ򼨤Զɽ䡤֤Ƥ뵢°Ω졤ްդɽ˭٤äƤ롥μҲŪŪɽΤĵǽϡ(1), (3), (5) εǽȤ߹碌ΤȤͤ뤬ΩǽȤ̹ΩƤ뤳ȤǤΤǤϤʤ
ʤεǽ Jakobson ʬ8ǽȤ⤢롥[2010-10-02-1]ε#523. εǽȸѲפ򻲾ȡ

סضܤȤƤθء١ȽŹ1996ǯ

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2010-10-02 Sat

#523. εǽȸѲ [function_of_language][language_change][phatic_communion]

ҥȤθˤ͡ʵǽ롥سǽȤϥߥ˥Τˤ櫓ǤϤʤHinzen (128) ꡤεǽ󤷤Ƥߤ褦

(1) ؤ ( reference )
(2) ݡʻ¡ˤεϿ ( the recording of natural phenomena (facts) )
(3) ׹ͤɽ ( the expression of one's thoughts )
(4) ¤Ū ( creative imagination )
(5) ¾ͤ뤳 ( the manipulation of others )
(6) ᥿Ūǽ ( the metalinguistic function (using language to talk about language itself ) )
(7) Ūǽ ( the phatic function (establishing and maintaining contact) )
(8) Ūǽ ( the poetic function )

(7) "phatic" ˤĤƤϡ926 Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day Ǥθ夲ƤΤǡ򻲾ȤȼΤ褦ˤ롥

adjective : of, relating to, or being speech used for social or emotive purposes rather than for communicating information


פˡȤδطۡݻ뤿ȯäǡ¼Ūʾ򴹤ȼʤHow are you? --- Fine, thank you. And you? --- Fine, thank you. बŵǤ롥դ˵ͤޤäȤΡֺ뤤ǤͤפƱͤ
ˤεǽȡϥߥ˥ΤȤ⡤ष̤ŪǻȤƤ뤳ȤΤۤ¿ΤǤϤʤȤ䤬롥εȿʲ˴ؤǯθˤС⤽⥳ߥ˥εǽ1ĤȤǧƤ褤ɤȤ嵭ΥꥹȤǤ⡤Ф֥ߥ˥פȤܤϴޤޤƤʤ

Whether communication is a distinct function additional to all these, or simply an abstraction denoting one joint overall effect of several of them on certain occasions, is unclear. It is certainly true that we continuously use language without quite literally 'communicating our thoughts' or wanting to do so in talking to others, let alone in talking to ourselves. We may be just talking for social reasons, for purposes of manipulation, or for fun. (Hinzen 128)


줬ߥ˥ΤˤΤʤΤȤϡ֥ߥ˥פɤΤ褦뤫ˤäƤ롥㤨С (144) ˤ뼡ꤷƤߤ褦

äʹȤδ֤ǤȤФˤջפã򴹤Ԥ졤ˤä򡦶򤬤ʤ롤뤤ϡޤ뤳ȡ


Ȥȡ嵭 (1) (8) θεǽΤʤǥߥ˥̤ȤǤΤ (1), (2), (3) 餤ǡʬŪˤ塤βäʸϤϤ٤󥳥ߥ˥ˤʤ뤫顤Υ֥ʸϤؤιֵ⥳ߥ˥ǤϤʤȤˤʤ롥
εǽǤ뤫õ򤹤뤳ȤϡοʲѲǤŪʰ̣ġȤΤϡѲϸεǽ礭»ʤʤϰϤȤȤǤ뤫뤤ϡ⤷εǽ»ʤ褦ʸѲΤǤСҥȤˤȤäƸȤϲʤΤƹͤȤʤ롥
Τ˥ߥ˥˳ؤθѲȤΤ¿롥ǤͻȤƱ۵ηʤɤ⤷줬˥ߥ˥Τ¸ߤΤǤСΤ褦ʸѲϵʤϤ
ϥߥ˥ΤˤȤQϰΤɤΤ餤ʤΤ

Hinzen, Wolfram. Mind Design and Minimal Syntax. Oxford: OUP, 2006.
ؤҤȤΤȤФεȿʲ١ҳҡ졦ʸ19ӡ2010ǯ

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