إȤˤʤΤ#2235. 3ʸ§ ([2015-06-10-1]) 㳰ȤʤƸȤơεǿ줿 ax ox Τۤˡɸ Od Ȥ줬Τä (Cook, pp. 56--57) Scrabble ȤˤϤߤñ餷άȤ櫓ǤϤʤäѤñΤ褦ؽѤαѱѼˤܤäƤʤѸǤꡤַܤ䤯˵ѤפȤä⤢뤬 OED
Od, n.2
Pronunciation: Brit. /ɒd/, /əʊd/, U.S. /ɑd/, /ɔd/, /oʊd/
Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Od.
Etymology: < German Od (K. von Reichenbach 1845, in Ann. der Chem. u. Pharm. 53 216), an arbitrary formation . . . .
Now historical.
1. A hypothetical force proposed by Baron Karl von Reichenbach as pervading all nature and accounting for various physical and psychological phenomena (also called odyle . . . . ). Frequently attributive, esp. as Od force.
The Od force was thought to manifest itself in certain persons of sensitive temperament by streaming from their fingertips, and to be exhibited especially by magnets, crystals, heat, light, and chemical action. It was held to account for the phenomena of mesmerism and animal magnetism, among other things.
ϤϤ뤫Ķ뤬 Od ʪؾβŪϤؤ餷ɥĤβʳؼԤˤ캬 (root_creation) ȤȤΤ褦Ф1846ǯ
ۤˤ¤ʤ exotic ʸȤ aa, ai, ba, bo, bu ʤɤ3ʸ§פ㳰ȤƽФƤΤΡդˤСषƸ˴ؤƱ§ΰŪФǧ褦
ʤŻҥʤɤ¿Ѥ re (= about) ϡ٤⤤äѤ2ʸñƸǤϤʤǽ3ʸ§פ㳰ˤʤ3ʸ§ˤĤƤϡεΤۤˤ (three-letter_rule) γƵȡ
Cook, Vivian. The English Writing System. London: Hodder Education, 2004.
塼 (Ferdinand de Saussure; 1857--1913) (arbitrariness) Ȥƾư衤̵褬֤Ƥ㤨СθȿΤȤơΥޥȥ (onomatopoeia) ħ (sound_symbolism) ФеƤϡӤǤꡤͭȤ2Ĥΰۤʤ̤в褹ȼĥ
(24--27) ˤСܼȤƵ뤳Ȥϵʤ signifiant signifié ϡ˼ҲŪʵˤäƷӤĤƤ롥ˤȤȡ֤Ǥפ֥פΤ褦פ⤫٤뤫⤷ʤɬͭӽ櫓ǤϤʤष֤ɤʸߤʸ츻ŪˤͭŪǤ (25) ͭŪȤȤˤϡŪͭȸṲ̄ͭƤɬפ롥Ԥϼˤ벻첻˼̤ onomatopoeia ǤꡤԤʣʤɤηŪʤˤäߴط㤨Сpossible impossible δطˤǤ롥ޤ캬 (root_creation) ơ٤ƤθϤ줫μͭˤä߽ФȤ¤ܤͤ롥
פʤΤϡͭϸŪǤʤŪǤʤ˼ͳǤȤŪǤʤȤΤϡäޤä signifiant signifié бѤǤϤʤͳ˴طƤ褤ȤȤǤ롥ŪǤʤȤΤϡȡʣ硤ǥಽʤɡɤˡѤƤ⡤̣̿̾ŤǤȤȤǤ롥
äơۤܤ٤Ƥθ͡ʼʤˤͭŪ߽Ф졤 signifiant signifié бꤹ뤬ꤷˤϺƤбѲ뼫ͳ롥СͭŪʴطϻ֤ȤȤޤꡤ˺졤Ĥˤ̵ŪȤʤ뤬̵ﲽ椬ȯȤʤäƺƤͭﲽƻ߽ФͭﲽȤϰռŪϢ³θĿͤϺǤꡤ̵ﲽȤ̵ռŪϢ³ŪʽĤŤǤ (45) ͭﲽ̵ﲽΤαʱΥϡ̣ܼˤǤ롥ΰ̣ѲͭȤСʲΤ褦ˤʤ

ˤȤäơ塼ΤȤϡĤǤ⼫ͳͭﲽ̵ﲽ뤳ȤǤʤľ˵ŪǤȤؤΤʤΤǤ롥
#1056. ѲϿʹ֤ˤѶŪʺѤǤ ([2012-03-18-1]) #1069. ե顼ɡɡ --- üԸĿͤοŤѡ ([2012-03-31-1]) εǤߤĹˤθѲϡΥͭﲽʬˤȤ櫓ܤȤȤˤʤ
ԥ롦 ƣ ذ̣١ҡʸ˥ӡ1990ǯ
[2011-10-02-1]ε#888. 캬ˤĤư͡פǿ줿 Kodak ˤĤơꥫμ̿åҤʡʼ˥եˤˤĤ줿ɸǡåҤ϶ȼ George Eastman (1854--1932) ¤Ȥ롥캬ŵȤƵ뤳Ȥ¿
ɸȤƤνФ OED ˤ1888ǯǡ̾Ȥơ֥åʤǻƤ줿˼̿פθǤ1895ǯСˡ1891ǯˤʻž (conversion) ФơưȤƤΡ֥åǻƤפиƤ롥 Kodaker, Kodakist, Kodakry Ω³˸졤Υåο͵꤬ŤФ롥ǿͤǤñ˻ƤǤΤǡΤȤʸ "You press the button, we do the rest" 褯ɽ蘆Ƥ롥ꥫѸǤϡ֥åפΰ̣ Kodak moment ʤ¸ߤ롥
Kodak ȤȯˤĤƤϾܤаޤĤƤ롥¹Ȥʤ뤬Mencken ˵äƤ Strang (24) Ѥ롥
To the history of kodak may be added the following extract from a letter from its inventor, George Eastman (1854--1932) to John M. Manly Dec. 15, 1906: 'It was a purely arbitrary combination of letters, not derived in whole or in part from any existing word, arrived at after considerable search for a word that would answer all requirements for a trade-mark name. The principal of these were that it must be short, incapable of being mis-spelled so as to destroy its identity, must have a vigorous and distinctive personality, and must meet the requirements of the various foreign trade-mark laws, the English being the one most difficult to satisfy owing to the very narrow interpretation that was being given to their law at that time.' I take this from George Eastman, by Carl W. Ackerman; New York, 1930, p. 76n. Ackerman himself says: 'Eastman was determined that this product should have a name that could not be mis-spelled or mispronounced, or infringed or copied by anyone. He wanted a strong word that could be registered as a trade-mark, something that every one would remember and associate only with the product which he proposed to manufacture. K attracted him. It was the first letter of his mother's family name. It was "firm and unyielding." It was unlike any other letter and easily pronounced, Two k's appealed to him more than one, and by a process of association and elimination he originated kodak and gave a new name to a new commercial product. The trade-mark was registered in the United States Sept. 4, 1888.'
Eastman ȤȤơåҤHPˤ⼡Τ褦ʵҤĤ뤳ȤǤ
I devised the name myself. The letter 'K' had been a favorite with me -- it seems a strong, incisive sort of letter. It became a question of trying out a great number of combinations of letters that made words starting and ending with 'K.' The word 'Kodak' is the result.
(phonotactics) ȲͿݤŰŪ˹ͤȴǤεʸ캬Ȥ
Strang (24--25) ˤȡ㤫ϡּ̿פ֥եפȤ̾ȤƤ Kodak λѤ뤬ɸ鴰̾첽ȹͤ hoover ݽˤʤɤȤϰۤʤꡤ̾첽ٹ礤㤤ΤǤϤʤȤɸȤƻϤޤä塤֤ʤ̾첽ƤӾɸȤƤΤȤ뤳ȤˤʤäȤޤꤹ뤳ȤǤ롥̣ˡѲɬǤϤʤȤȹͤ뤫⤷ʤ
Strang, Barbara M. H. A History of English. London: Methuen, 1970.
εŪˡ캬 (root creation) 롥Algeo ο쥽ʬˤСetymon ⤿ʤפŤ롥
ŵŪȤƵΤˡgoogol 롥10100褷ŷʸŪפɽ路1940ǯƹοؼ Edward Kasner (1878--1955) 9Фα¤줷ƤäΤȤƤ롥OED ¤ηаޤʸǺܤƤ롥
1940 Kasner & Newman Math. & Imagination i. 23 The name 'googol' was invented by a child (Dr. Kasner's nine-year-old nephew) who was asked to think up a name for a very big number, namely, 1 with a hundred zeros after it. . . At the same time that he suggested 'googol' he gave a name for a still larger number: 'Googolplex'. Ibid. 25 A googol is 10100; a googolplex is 10 to the googol power.
̤ͭ̾ϡɸ Kodak Eastman Kodak Co. ϶ȼ George Eastman (1854--1932) ¤ǡStrang (24--25) ˾ܺ٤Ƥ롥
캬ϡ뿷ˡΤʤǤϰŪǤʤɤ㳰ȤäƤ褤Ȥ櫓Ū̾ΤɬפȤ뾦ɸˤϸ캬뤳ȤϼΤǤ롥
ơ캬ϡ̵¤ȹͤ뤬ˡ̵פɤǤ롥캬 etymon ⤿ʤޤä⤿ʤȤȤǤϤʤAlgeo ʬǤϡ캬ϲŪưŤ̵ͭˤ "onomatopoeia" (ex. miaow) "arbitrary coinage" (ex. googol) ˶̤Ƥ뤬ԤǤϼβȤ¸ߤ롥ˤ뻲ȤȤȤǤ phonaesthesia ⤽ȶᤤǰǤꡤ"arbitrary coinage" ȤƤ googol ⡤ǯƬǤ phonaesthetic ɽݤäøŪưŤäȤǽǤʤKodak ⲻΰݤͤ˹ͤƤ¤äȤȤʤΤǡ캬ɤ١̵¤פǤ뤫ϡǤ롥ޤϡñ˸츻ŪʾμƤ뤬椨⤷ʤ츻ؼԤθεڤФʤȤˡ¤ etymon äȤǽϾˤ (Algeo 124)
캬ϡΤȤʤ顤εȤ̩ܤ˴ؤ[2010-07-02-1]ε#431. ʶθεפȡˡ줬ޤ줿οϡ̣ǤϤ٤Ƹ캬äȸ뤫⤷ʤȯŸϡˤ캬Ψ100%¤ʤ0%ؤȶŤƤ椯ª뤳ȤǤ뤫⤷ʤ
Strang, Barbara M. H. A History of English. London: Methuen, 1970.
Algeo, John. "The Taxonomy of Word Making." Word 29 (1978): 122--31.
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