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construction - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2020-08-04 Tue

#4117. It's very kind of you to come. of ˡŪˤϡֹ԰ټԡ [preposition][syntax][infinitive][construction][adjective][semantics][passive]

ε#4116. It's very kind of you to come. of ˡϡ ([2020-08-03-1]) ³ԡŪˤϤäꤷʤ of ˡŪˤߤȤ褽褹롥ϡιʸ of ˡˤĤŪˤҤȤƹԤ
OED of, prep. ˤȡˡ of ϡ"V. Indicating the agent or doer." ȤʬβǸ16˵󤲤Ƥ롥

16. Indicating the doer of something characterized by an adjective: following an adjective alone, as foolish, good, rude, stupid, unkind, wise, wrong (or any other adjective with which conduct can be described); following an adjective qualifying a noun, as a cruel act, a cunning trick, a kind deed, an odd thing; following a past participle qualified by an adverb, as cleverly managed, ill conceived, well done.
   Usually followed by to do (something), as in it was kind of you (i.e. a kind act or thing done by you) to help him etc., and less frequently by that, both constructions introducing the logical subject or object of the statement, e.g. It was kind of him to tell me = His telling me was a thing kindly done by him.


ֹ԰ټԡפ of ȤƤ⡤ˤ狼ˤǼ⤷ʤɸʸǤСΤ you come ΰ̣μǤꡤäƹ԰ټԤȤ⤤롥Ǥ for Ѥ It is important for him to get the job. ब뤳ȤϽפʤȤˤˤƤ⡤him get ΰ̣μǤ԰ټԤǤ⤢뤫顤of for ˡΰ㤤Фʤ2Ĥֻ줬ƱˡĤȼΤϤˤ衤ʤʤΤߤ
OED ΰѤ˵ҤƤŪطʤǫɤ߲򤱤Сʤֹ԰ټԤ ofפʤΤʬäƤ롥ˡ of κǽϡɤƻľ³Ȥ⡤ƻޤ̾ľ³褦ʤΤǤ롥ĤޤꡤIt's a very kind thing of you to come. Τ褦ʹʸäȹͤ롥θιʸФϰճ٤Ѹ̤ˤʤʲOED ǽο󤲤Ƥ

1532 W. Tyndale Expos. & Notes 73 Is it not a blind thing of the world that either they will do no good works,..or will..have the glory themselves?
a1593 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta (1633) iv. v 'Tis a strange thing of that Iew, he lives upon pickled grasshoppers.
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 101 It was a brute parte of him, To kill so capitall a calfe.
1668 H. More Divine Dialogues ii. 383 That's a very odd thing of the men of Arcladam.
1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry 266 Is it not very unfair of Equivocus to represent [etc.]?
1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality I. iv. 145 Indeed, it was very naughty of him.


ǽ4ϡַƻޤ̾ + ofפȤʤäƤ롥of "(done) by" ۤɤΡֹ԰ټԤ ofפȤɤؤ򤷤䤹ǻפФΤϡȤưɽ魯ֻϡǤ by ŪѸ줫ѸˤƤϡष of Ƥ¤ϸʾ of = "done by"ʤֹ԰ټԤ ofפδФǻäΤǤcf. #1350. ư֤ưѤ of ([2013-01-06-1])#1333. ѸǼư֤ưѤ줿ֻ ([2012-12-20-1])#2269. ư֤ưѤ줿 by of ζ ([2015-07-14-1]
˵󤲤Ǹ2ˤĤƤϡǤŪάơַƻ + ofפιʸؤȰܹԤƤꡤΡֹ԰ټԤ ofפδФƤƤ褦˸롥ɸιʸϡιʸΤ褦˾άʤ⡤ޤǷѾƤΤˤۤʤʤΤǤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2025-10-24-1] [2022-01-09-1]

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2020-08-03 Mon

#4116. It's very kind of you to come. of ˡϡ [preposition][syntax][infinitive][construction][adjective][semantics][apposition]

ɸΤ褦ˡĤηƻϡof + ͡פȤֻȼ

It's very kind of you to come. ʤ虜虜ƤäƤߤޤ󡥡
It was foolish of you to spend so much. ʤʤˤȤäϼͤ
It was wrong of him to tell lies. ʱĤơ褯ʤä͡
It is wise of you to stay away from him. ʷȤĤʤΤϸ
It was silly of me to forget my passport. ʥѥݡȤ˺ȤϤĤä

ŵŪ It is ADJ of PERSON to do . . . . Ȥʸʤ櫓PERSON is ADJ to do . . . . ȤʸȤ뤳ȤǤǶ̣Ȥɸ You're very kind to come. Ȥ뤳ȤǤ롥ǡŪʡfor + ͡פȼ It is important for him to get the job. ब뤳ȤϽפʤȤˤιʸȤϰۤʤäƤ롥Ԥ *He is important to get the job. Ȥϥѥե졼Ǥʤ
ɸιʸƤƻ --- ʤ important פǤϤʤ kind פηƻ --- 󤲤Ƥߤȡcareful, careless, crazy, greedy, kind, mad, nice, silly, unwise, wise, wrong (Quirk et al. 16.76, 16.82ˡ̣ŪˤϿͤιưɾƻǤ롥̤γ٤ߤȡɸʸǤ kind ʿڤʡˤʤΤϡƤ줿ȡפǤ⤢ꡤƱˡ֤ʤפǤ⤢ȤطΩġ
Ҥ important ʽפʡˤѤʸǤϡפʤΤϡֿ뤳ȡפǤꡤפ׿ʪǤ櫓ǤϤʤ顤Ϥξפΰ̣Ūۤʤ뤳ȤʬĤޤꡤimportant פ for ѤʸȤϰۤʤꡤkind פ of ѤʸǤϡkind of you ʬ you are kind Ȥ̣طޤƤΤǤ롥
Ȥȡֻ of ˡϲȸƤ֤٤Ʊ (apposition) ˡȤߤ뤳ȤǤ뤬ɤǼޤ꤬cf. #2461. an angel of a girl (1) ([2016-01-22-1])#2462. an angel of a girl (2) ([2016-01-23-1])ˡֿʪưɾ ofפʤɤȸƤǤ褤⤷ʤˤ衤ŪõäƤߤɬפ롥

Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985.

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2020-01-23 Thu

#3923. ѸΡ?ʤפʤɤΰư֤ɽ魯칽ʸ [infinitive][participle][syntax][construction][me]

ѸǤϡ?ʤ롿Ԥפ̣ˤϡŵŪˡcome/go + ʬ Ѥ롥ưưθ˸ʬźơư֤򼨤ˡǤ롥ʲ BNCweb 󤲤褦

Jack came rushing down from his room on the top floor and . . . .
The question came sneaking into her mind . . . .
She had contrarily thought that if he really cared he would have come running after her.
A great mammoth of an American truck went thundering past, forcing me on to the dirt shoulder.
He gulped and went rushing on.
. . . the crowd of silver helmets went flooding in pursuit, . . . .


űѸä˱ʸ䡤³ѸλˤϡΤ褦ʾ˸ʬǤϤʤ줬ѤΤŪäȤ櫓ưưȤ come Ȥ㤬¿ߤ롥Mustanoja (536--37) 󤲤褦 to ȼʤǤ뤳ȤݥȤǤ롥

þer comen seilien . . . scipes (Lawman A 25525)
þer com a wolf gon after þan (Fox & Wolf 108)
in him com ur Lord gon (Judas 25)
He comme flie too felde (Alis. Macedoine 995)
wiþ þat came renne sire Bruyllant (Ferumbras 2333)
nece, ysee who comth here ride (Ch. TC ii 1253)
on his hunting as he cam ride (Gower CA i 350)


ŻưȤ٤ lie stand ˤ㤬ߤ뤬ưˤĤƤ to ȼʤ⤢Сto ȼߤ (Mustanoja 537) ξ硤֤ǤϤʤŪɽ魯ˡȤƲǤ⤢ꡤξŪ

feowertene niht fulle þere læe þa verde þeos wederes abiden (Lawman A 28238)
ne þurve þa cnihtes . . . careles liggen slæpen (Lawman A 18653)
hu mynecene slapan liggen (Wint. Ben. Rule 63)
the fraunchise of holi churche hii laten ligge slepe ful stille (Pol. Songs 325)
þanne he lieþ to slepen, Sal he nevre luken þe lides of hise eȝen (Best. 15)
on a bed of gold she lay to reste Til that the hote sonne gan to weste (Ch. PF 265)
faire in the soond, to bathe hire myrily, Lith Pertelote (Ch. CT B NP 4457)
--- and in my barm ther lith to wepe Thi child and myn, which sobbeth faste (Gower CA iii 302)
ennȝless stanndenn aȝȝ occ aȝȝ To lofenn Godd (Orm. 3894)
--- he stood for to biholde (Ch. TC i 310)


Ѹˤʤȡcome + פ֤ɽ魯ˡϿषƤˤĤʤcome + ʬפä褦ˤʤ롥äȤ⡤ԤιʸűѸΤƤʤ櫓ǤϤʤäȤդäƤ

Mustanoja, T. F. A Middle English Syntax. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 1960.

Referrer (Inside): [2021-05-12-1]

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2019-04-12 Fri

#3637. ɽ魯 Will you . . . ? ν (2) [oed][speech_act][politeness][interrogative][historical_pragmatics][pragmatics][implicature][auxiliary_verb][construction]

[2019-04-07-1]ε˰³Will you . . . ? ʸȯˤĤơOED ˤȡιʸνФ1300ǯ Vox & Wolf ȤưʪäˤȤ롥Bennett and Smithers Ǥ The Fox and the Wolf ꡤβս (l. 186) ʸ̮ (ll. 171--97) ФƤߤ褦

'A!' quod þe wolf, 'gode ifere, 
Moni goed mel þou hauest me binome! 
Let me adoun to þe kome, 
And al Ich wole þe forȝeue.'175
'Ȝe!' quod þe vox, 'were þou isriue, 
And sunnen heuedest al forsake, 
And to klene lif itake, 
Ich wolde so bidde for þe 
Þat þou sholdest comen to me.'180
'To wom shuld Ich', þe wolf seide, 
'Ben iknowe of mine misdede?--- 
Her nis noþing aliue 
Þat me kouþe her nou sriue. 
Þou hauest ben ofte min ifere---185
Woltou nou mi srift ihere, 
And al mi liif I shal þe telle?' 
'Nay!' quod þe vox, 'I nelle.' 
'Neltou?' quod þe wolf, 'þin ore! 
Ich am afingret swiþe sore---190
Ich wot, toniȝt Ich worþe ded, 
Bote þou do me somne reed. 
For Cristes loue, be mi prest!' 
Þe wolf bey adoun his brest 
And gon to siken harde and stronge.195
'Woltou', quod þe vox, 'srift ounderfonge? 
Tel þine sunnen, on and on, 
Þat þer bileue neuer on.' 


ʪήϤǤ롥ĤٰͤƤޤäѤͤΤФ̤꤫äΤ礤ϵƤӻߤ᤿չߤϵ򤽤ΤϵͤȤʬæФ褦Ȼʤ롥ϵˤޤǤΰԤˤĤ褦ȡϵϤεˤʤꡤѤʹߤȴꤦ褦ˤʤ롥ǡWoltou nou mi srift ihere, / And al mi liif I shal þe telle? (ll. 168--69) Ȥϵȯˤʤ櫓
նʸ̮ǤΤȤˡư줬¿ѤƤꡤѤϵݤ礤Τʤΰջ֤տޤΤäƤȤݤ롥βսϡwill 򸶵ΰջ֤ΰ̣Ǽȡ֤ʤˤϻʹȤջ֤ޤǤлϿΤ٤Ƥ򤢤ʤ˹𤲤ޤ礦פȤʤ롥Ǥʸ̮餫ϵϸѤʹƤ餤ȻפäƤ롥äơɤߤäơ֤ʹƤʡϿΤ٤Ƥ򤢤ʤ˹𤲤ޤ礦פȤǽȤʤ롥Ȥΰջ֤䤦ȤȰȤϡ̣Ūˤ϶ϺǤꡤǡʤƤȹͤ櫓顤Ǥξΰ̣¸ƤȤȤ館뤳ȤǤ롥
ľθѤϡȤϼ뤫Τ褦 Nay! . . . I nelle. Ǥ롥ѸǤ Will you hear my shrift now? Ф No, I won't. Ƥ褦ʤΤʤȤѤϡϵȯʹȤջ֤뤫פȤȲʤդˤεФ No ƤΤǤ롥ϵȤƤϰΤĤǸäΤ⤷ʤˤϵȲᤵƤޤäȤˤʤ롥ºݡϵϤ뤫Τ褦ˡNeltou? ʤΰջ֤ʤȤˤ֤Ƥ롥
⤷ϵ¦˰ΰ̣ƤȤƤ⡤ΰȤްդϡʸ̮˻٤ƽƸतü첽줿Ūް (particularized conversational implicature) Ǥäơ̲줿Ūް (generalized conversational implicature) ǤϤʤޤƤ䴷Ūް (conventional implicature) Ǥʤ褦˻פ롥λ Will you . . . ? ʸνȤߤʤȤѤ餺ǽ⤷ʤ줿ʸ뤤ȤΩɽȤߤʤˤ᤹

Bennett, J. A. W. and G. V. Smithers, eds. Early Middle English Verse and Prose. 2nd ed. Oxford: OUP, 1968.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-03-17-1]

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2019-04-07 Sun

#3632. ɽ魯 Will you . . . ? ν [oed][speech_act][politeness][historical_pragmatics][pragmatics][implicature][construction][auxiliary_verb]

Ѹˤˡư will Ѥɽ魯ȤơWill you do me a favor? ʤɤɽ롥ŪƤѤ뤳Ȥ¿ˤäƤ Will you shut up? Τ褦ˤ䤭Ĥ̿Ȥʤ뤳Ȥ⤢롥ŪʻؼȤ Will you sign here, please? Τ褦ˤѤ졤ݥ饤ȥͥμ٤˱ѤΤǡȤʤΤϰճ񤷤Ūˤ̤ΰդȤʤΤǡΰտޤΤˤˤ please դȤ¿
ɽεϡ2;Τΰջ֤䤦ջ̤ȤƤ Will you . . . ? ˤȹͤ롥Ū߻򲡤ĤΤǤϤʤޤΰջ֤ºŤ䤦ȤκۤȤΤǡʬ餫ǫʸˤʤ뤫ʸγ򤷤Ƥʤ顤ºݤ˹ԤʤäƤΰꡦ̿ᡦؼȤȤǡݥ饤ȥͥθŵŪȯù԰ (indirect speech act) λȤ롥

OED will, v1. ˤȡI. The present tense will. ΤȤ6bˡˡ󤲤Ƥ롥

b. In 2nd person, interrog., or in a subord. clause after beg or the like, expressing a request (usually courteous; with emphasis, impatient).

a1300 Vox & Wolf in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 64 Thou hauest ben ofte min i-fere, Woltou nou mi srift i-here?
a1400 Pistill of Susan 135 Wolt þou, ladi, for loue, on vre lay lerne?
1470--85 Malory Morte d'Arthur i. vi. 42 Sir said Ector vnto Arthur woll ye be my good and gracious lord when ye are kyng?
1592 R. Greene Philomela To Rdr. sig. A4 I..craue that you will beare with this fault.
1600 Shakespeare Henry V ii. i. 43 Will you shog off?
1608 Shakespeare King Lear vii. 313 On my knees I beg, That you'l vouchsafe me rayment, bed and food.
1720 A. Ramsay Young Laird & Edinb. Katy 1 O Katy wiltu gang wi' me, And leave the dinsome Town a while.
1823 Scott St. Ronan's Well III. iv. 96 I desire you will found nothing on an expression hastily used.
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native III. v. iii. 144 Oh, Oh, Oh,..Oh, will you have done!


ɽȤƤ Will you . . . ? ưν°˸ will ȯãǽΤŪˤϤꤽOED ǤС°4Ĥ1592ǯΤΤǤꡤ֤طդΤ褦ˤߤ롥ޤ1300ǯȤʤᤤ餯ɽȤ夷Τ϶ѸäƤǤϤʤȤŪʵǽް (implicature) İ̲ȤΤϡ˸˾ˤĤƲ뤿ؤ̯ǤꡤΤʤȤ򤤤櫓ǤϤʤϢơ#1976. ŪްդȤ¾͡ʴްա ([2014-09-24-1])#1984. ŪްդỌ̇̄Ѳ ([2014-10-02-1]) ⻲ȡ

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2019-03-17 Sun

#3611. ʤ He is to blame. He is to be blamed. ȤʤʤΤ [infinitive][syntax][passive][voice][construction][sobokunagimon]

ɸ He is to blame. ϡդ٤ˤǤפȤ̣Υե졼̩ (voice) θСפϡդΩǤ뤫 He is to be blamed. Ȥˤʤ٤Ȼפ뤫⤷ʤºݡԤǤ̣̤뤷ʸˡŪʤΤŪʥե졼ȤƤԤѤ롥ʤ
ϡư̾ˤĤƲ⤷#3604. ʤ The house is building. ǡֲȤϷǤפȤ̣ˤʤΤ ([2019-03-10-1]) ȡ#3605. This needs explaining. --- need ư̾פιʸ ([2019-03-11-1]) Ȥط롥ư̾Ʊͤ (infinitive) ư̾첽ȤǽäƤ롥ư̾ˤư줬̾첽ȡȤȤư줬äƤ֤Ω¤ǽưưζ̤ʤѤ褦ˤʤ롥to blame ϡäƤηǽưŪˡ񤹤٤פȤʤ뤷ưŪˡ񤵤٤פȤʤΤǤ롥̤¤ƤȤȤϡʸ̮ˤꤤˤᤷȤȤǤ⤢롥He is to blame. ξˤϡ̣塤ȤȤƲᤵȤ櫓There is a house to let. I have something to say. Τ褦ʡַƻŪˡפ⡤֤¤Ȥȯۤͳ褹硤p. 238ˡ
ʤư̾ˤ֤¤ϡޤǤ줬̾ݤäƤħǤ롥ʹߡʤư̾ˤϤषưŪʤ򶯤ƤƤꡤ¤Ƥ֤Ω褷ƤƤ롥η̡ŪǤϤʤȤϤ He is to be blamed. ʸˡŪ˵Ƥ褦ˤʤäɸΤ褦ʹʸϡŤħФΤ褦¸ߤʤΤǤ롥

ʸͺرѸȯãˡǡٴȽŹ2005ǯ

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2019-03-11 Mon

#3605. This needs explaining. --- need ư̾פιʸ [gerund][participle][passive][voice][construction]

ε#3604. ʤ The house is building. ǡֲȤϷǤפȤ̣ˤʤΤ ([2019-03-10-1]) ȴϢ빽ʸꡥɸΤ褦ˡneed ư̾ǽư֡ˤ򽾤빽ʸ롥Ū˹ͤ This explain ٤оݤǤ뤫顤ư̾μư being explained ѤƤ٤Ȥ̤ˤɸ̤Ǥ褤ϡҤ٤褦ˡư̾ˤäƤϡȤưˤäƤ (voice) Ω¤Ƥ뤫Ǥ롥Ĥޤꡤư explain ư̾ explaining ȤʤäȤˤꡤפȡפΰ̣ŪΩޤꡤ̾ explanation ˤƱ褦ˡ֤ˤĤ̵ؿȤʤäƤȹͤФ褤
need Τۤ want, require, deserve, bear, escape ʤɤư䡤ƻ worth ư̾򽾤빽ʸȤ硤p. 232ˡ󤲤褦

This machine wants repairing.
The fence requires painting.
A person who steals deserves punishing.
It doesn't bear thinking about.
Use every man after his desert, and who should 'scape whipping? --- Hamlet, II. ii. 555--6
What is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

ơư̾μư֤ѤƤ⡤Ϥǰ̣ŪˤŪˤŬʤǤϤ뤬ֹʸȤƤζפȤ٤ΤϼΤ⤷ʤˤ˥åĤäƤʸǤ롥

ʸͺرѸȯãˡǡٴȽŹ2005ǯ

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2019-03-10 Sun

#3604. ʤ The house is building. ǡֲȤϷǤפȤ̣ˤʤΤ [syntax][gerund][participle][passive][voice][category][construction][sobokunagimon]

ɸʸϸɽǤϤ뤬ߤǤȤ뤳Ȥ롥ֲȤƤƤȤפȤưŪʰ̣бˤϡưʹԷѤ The house is being built. Ȥʤ٤ǤϤʤΤȵ˻פ뤫⤷ʤεϤäȤǤꡤΤ˸ԤμưʹԷιʸɸŪǤϤ롥Ǥʤɸ The house is building. ϲǽŪˤϤष̤äǽư֤ȼư֤Ȥ (voice) ζ̤ˤ뤵ϤαѸǡʤɸʸΤ
ŪˤϡThe house is building. building ϸʬǤϤʤư̾Ǥ롥Ʊ -ing ʤΤʶ路ξԤϵǽޤäۤʤ롥The house is building. ʳˤ The house is a-building. Ȥʸꡤˤʳˤ The house is on building. ȤʸäĤޤꡤbuilding build ư̾Ǥꡤ줬ֻ on ŪȤʤäƤȤ칽¤ʤΤǤ롥̣ŪˤϤޤˡַפȤȤˤʤ롥ֻ on 岽ƬŪ a- Ȥʤꡤ줬˼岽ǽŪˤϾüƤޤäˡ⸽߿ʹԷʸΤ褦ʸɤˤʤäƤޤäΤǤ롥
ư̾ưͳǤ뤫ưŪǻĤƤȤϤȤƤ̾Ǥ롥֤ȤܼŪưˤʸˡƤǤꡤ̾ˤϴͿʤäơư̾פȤƤ building ǤϡַƤפȡַƤפ֤Ω¤Ƥ롥ޤܸΡַۡפԤä꤯褦ʰ̣äƤΤֻ on ȼäơַפΰդȤʤΤϼ
Τ褦ʹʸϡȤϤߤǤѤ뤳Ȥ뤷Ѹޤ̤Ф褯ߤ줿Ȥơʲ󤲤Ƥ硤pp. 229--30ˡ

The whilst this play is playing --- Hamlet, III. ii. 93.
While grace is saying -- Merch. V., II. ii. 202
What's doing here?
The dinner is cooking.
The book is printing.
The tea is drawing.
The history which is making about us.

ɸ䤤 the house ȡbuilding Τʤ˼ޤäƤȤȤư build ȤϡŪˤľŪطˤ櫓ǤϤʤ򤫤Сbuild the house ȤưȤʸǤϤʤȤȤɸŪ The house is being built. ϡưȤʸǤ롥Ĥޤꡤ2ĤιʸϵޤäۤʤäƤꡤ٤ƹäƤ⤷ʤʪʤΤǤ롥
ʬư̾줬ޤäۤʤ뵡ǽʤ⡤Ʊ -ing ȤʤäƤŪаޤˤĤƤϡ#2421. ʬư̾ζƯŪȯã ([2015-12-13-1]) 򻲾Ȥ줿

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