űѸѸǤϡѸ <th> /θ, ð/ ʸȤơ<þ> "thorn" <ð> "eth" or "edh" ˤѤ줿Ѹʹߤ <th> ξԤ֤Ƥ椯Ȥˤʤä롼ʸͳ褹Ԥϡ[2012-01-28-1]ε#1006. 롼ʸѼפȡˡѸ桤Ȥ櫓Ǥ֤ȤĤä17ΰܤ˸뤳Ȥ餢äȤ (Schmitt and Marsden 159)
Ǥϡ<þ>, <ð>, <th> ˴ؤεҤϡHelsinki Corpus ˤäդܤλʬCOCOA <C ɽ part of corpusˤˤƤޤ٤ƻΨǥղͥǡϡHTMLȡޤʬˤĤƤޥ˥奢ȡ

ѸǤ <þ> λѤ Helsinki Corpus ǤϳǧǤʤäΤΡ˳Ѥ3ʸǤϤ褽դ줿ȤäƤ褤űѸ줫 M2 (1250--1350) ˤơ<ð> Ҥ鸺ǡ<þ> ʬۤƤĺĤδ֡λʹߡ<þ> <th> ˵®֤Ƥ椯
ѸǤϤȤ櫓 <þ> ³ȤǧȤHelsinki Corpus Ѥ¾ĴȤƤϡ#381. oft often ʬ̻ۤŪѲ ([2010-05-13-1]) ⻲ȡ
Schmitt, Norbert, and Richard Marsden. Why Is English Like That? Ann Arbor, Mich.: U of Michigan P, 2006.
Helsinki Corpus (The Diachronic Part of the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts) 1991ǯ˸ư衤Ѹ˥ѥθĤȤƽѤƤHC ϸߤǤƤ餺ܥ֥Ǥ#381. oft often ʬ̻ۤŪѲ ([2010-05-13-1]) Ϥᡤhc γƵǸڤƤ
HC ܳŪ˻ȤʤˤϡΥޥ˥奢ɤɬפ롥Ȥ櫓̥֥ѥθϲƤɬפ뤷COCOA Format ˤ뻲ȥפCOCOA Format ϡHC ΥƥˤΥƥȤ˴ؤξͿ뤿ηǤ롥ƥƥȤˤĤơǯ塤Ԥ̡ʸʸʤɤξηˤͿƤ롥ѼԤϡξѤ뤳ȤˤꡤξƥȤӽФȤǤȤ櫓
HC COCOA Ѥιʤߤؤˤ뤿ˡޤɽˤޤȤǡ١ (SQLite)
A = "author"
B = "name of text file"
C = "part of corpus"
D = "dialect"
E = "participant relationship"
F = "foreign original"
G = "relationship to foreign original"
H = "social rank of author"
I = "setting"
J = "interaction"
K = "contemporaneity"
M = "date of manuscript"
N = "name of text"
O = "date of original"
P = "page"
Q = "text identifier"
R = "record"
S = "sample"
T = "text type"
U = "audience description"
V = "verse" or "prose"
W = "relationship to spoken language"
X = "sex of author"
Y = "age of author"
Z = "prototypical text category"
ŵŪʸȤƵƤ
# ɽΤƸ[ | ѥڡ ]
select * from hccocoa
# ʬ̤Υƥȿ
select C, count(*) from hccocoa group by C
# ƥȥ̤Υƥȿ
select T, count(*) from hccocoa group by T
# ME ˻ʬƤƥȤγƼ
select B, C, D, V from hccocoa where C like 'M%' order by C
ѸˤϡǾ most mest Ȥ첻ȼäƸ뤳ȤʤʤѸʹߡԤѤƤäξεʬϤɤˤΤ
most Proto-Germanic *maistaz ̤뤳ȤǤޥǤ Du. meest, G meist, ON mestr, Goth. maists ʤɤʸڤ롥§˽СűѸ māst ȤʤϤǤꡤºݤˤη֤ Northumbrian dzǧΤΡǤϳǧʤǤϡ첻ȼ West-Saxon mǣst Kentish mēst Ѥ줿OED ˤС첻ϡlǣst "least" ȤȤ롥첻ηȤ mest(e) Ȥ֤ѸؤѾ졤Ǥ15ޤǻȤ줿
˵ķ֤ϡѸǤϸ첻ηȯãȤ most(e) Ȥ֤¿Ѥ줿Ǥ̲ȤλΰŪʿ˲äӵ mo, more 첻ȤäΤǤϤʤ롥
ŪˡѸʹߤˤϥޥĸ줫ε§Ūȯã most ɸŪȤʤäƤ椭űѸ줫ѸˤѤ줿 mest ɸफϼƤäְΡפ̣Ѹ formest (cf. ӵ former) 15 foremost ȤƺʬϤ줿طʤˤϡҤ most ˤ mest ִͿƤ뤫⤷ʤäȤ⡤űѸꡤǾ -est Τ -ost Ȥ褯Ʊ줿ΤǤꡤǾ˴ؤˤơξ첻θؤϾˤȤʤΤ⤷ʤ
ʤPPCME2 Ǥäȸ첻 (ex. most) 첻 (ex. mest) ʬۤĴ٤ƤߤȡԤ354㡤Ԥ168ҥåȤHelsinki Corpus ǤñĴѸǤ⸽ɸѸƱͤ most ήäȤϴְ㤤ʤ褦
ɸΤ褦 here there 1ǤȤֻ2ǤȤʣ¿롥ϡhere this ȡthere it that ɤؤơֻθ˲Ọ̇̄ŪɸθϤ줾 by this, of this, to that, with that ۤɤ̣롥Ǥ˷ĥä뤬űѸ줫ѸˤƤϤ褯Ѥ졤μ٤ϤषƤۤɤǤ롥17ʹߤϵ˸äƤ椭Τ褦ʸ¤줿Ѱ (register) ؤɤޤ줿ͳȤƤϡѸι¤ȤŵŪǤʤȤĤޤ礫ʬϤؤαѸμήȿȤŦƤ (Rissanen 127) ʸˡȤơޤǸꤵ줿֤ǼѤ줿ϡtherefore ΤߤȤäƤ褤
ѸdzǧѰФϡǤѸˤ˨꤬롥here-, there- ʣϡѸǤϤޤ̤˻ȤƤ뤬ǤߤˡΧʸǤλѤݤäƤ롥ʲϡRissanen (127) Helsinki Corpus ˤĴ̤Ǥʿ١åο1٤ɽ魯ˡ
| Statutes | Other texts | |
|---|---|---|
| ME4 (1420--1500) | 68 (60) | 621 (31) |
| EModE1 (1500--70) | 77 (65) | 503 (28) |
| EModE2 (1570--1640) | 84 (71) | 461 (26) |
| EModE3 (1640--1710) | 126 (96) | 191 (12) |
ѸǤϤ̤˸뤬λ鸫̯ʹ¤롥go ˼бŪ̾줬տ魯빽¤ǡˤ he goes him Τ褦ɽǤ롥ŪˤϼؼƵ̾ȹͤ뤬himself Τ褦ʣѤ뤳ȤѸˤϤʤ, p. 187ˡǽŪˤϰ ethical dative ȹͤ뤫⤷ʤȤƤ⤽εǽϤʤʤ褦˻פ롥
㤨СChaucer "The Physician's Tale" (l. 207) ʰѤ The Riverside Chaucer ˡ
He gooth hym hoom, and sette him in his halle,
ι¤ˤĤƤäĴ٤¤ǤϡޤܤȤʬʤΤOED Ǥ "go" θ45ȤưʲεҤä
45. With pleonastic refl. pron. in various foregoing senses. Now only arch. [Cf. F. s'en aller.]
ʸȤƤϡѸ4ȡʬȴ֤1892ǯΤΤ1㤢Τߤä
Middle English Dictionary ΥȥƤߤȡ2a.(b) ˴Ϣ뵭Ҥää˲ϤʤפäƤȤѸǤϼ¤ˤ˵빽¤Ǥʤ顤äĴ٤餤ǤϤޤܤܤäƤʤΤǤ롥 (187) ˤСѸǤ gon Τۤarisen, feren, flen, rennen, riden, sitten, stonden ʤɤαȯμư줬ι¤Ȥ뤳ȤΤƤ롥
Ѹäι¤ϡѸǤϤɤʤäΤHelsinki Corpus go him 濴ȤƤߤѸ줫10ʾ夬äΤΡѸ1ʤä칽¤϶ѸѤƤ褦ˤߤ뤬ɤäаޤäΤ
סرѸ II١Ѹ9罤۽Ź1972ǯ
ѸʸˡǤϡƻӵϡ-er Ȥղä ( inflection ) more ֤뱪 ( periphrasis ) ˤäƷ롥ŬѤ뤫ˤĤƤϡ㳰ϤΤΤ褽ηϤ롥첻ϸ§ȤƶȤꡤʳ¿ϸ§ȤƱȤ롥Τ -y, -ly, -er, -le ʤɤĤΤˤĤƤ϶Ȥ뤳Ȥ¿ȤºݤˤξˡȤ˲ǽʸ⾯ʤʤ
Kytö (123) ˤȡѸΤη16νޤǤˤ褽ΩȤűѸˤϻȯŪʱơ٤Ƥηƻˤƶ§ä13ˤʤȥƥαƶʤ餯ϥեαƶˡƶĴŪǼȯŪˤⱪƤơѸ̤Ƴ礷ϡ ( synthesis ) ʬ ( analysis ) ظѸΰŪʸѲή˾ä椨Ȥͤ롥
Ѹ줫ѸӵʤȺǾˤʬۤ Helsinki Corpus Ĵ Kytö θˤȡsynthesis analysis ؤȤŪήȿơ⤫ʤǴ궯ĤäƤ췲ˤäƤϤष衦礷ƤȤޤȤȤơΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥
The results indicate that while the comparison of adjectives first followed the tendency of English to favour analytic forms as against synthetic, it was the synthetic forms that finally took over during the period when the Present-day usage became established. (140)
ή˵դäƤ褦˸ӵˤϤ⤷
Kytö, Merja. " 'The best and most excellentest way': The Rivalling Forms of Adjective Comparison in Late Middle and Early Modern English." Words: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Lund, 25--26 August 1995, Organized under the Auspices of the Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities and Sponsored by the Foundation Natur och Kultur, Publishers. Ed. Jan Svartvik. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, 1996. 123--44.
ε[2010-05-11-1], [2010-05-12-1]ǡoften ȤˤߤOED ˤ oft ä often ̲Τ16ʹߤȤȤ٤ι⤤ʤΤ Helsinki Corpus ( The Diachronic Part of the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts ) dzΤ줽Ȼפʬ COCOA <C ɽ part of corpus ˤΤߤˤƤޤ٤ƤߤʬάʤɤΥޥ˥奢顥
| WORD | PERIOD | oft | often |
| REGEX | /\bofte?\b/ | /\boft[ei]n\b/ | |
| OE | O1 | 0 | 0 |
| O2 | 72 | 0 | |
| OX/2 | 4 | 0 | |
| O3 | 45 | 0 | |
| O2/3 | 32 | 0 | |
| OX/3 | 106 | 0 | |
| O4 | 9 | 0 | |
| O2/4 | 8 | 0 | |
| O3/4 | 37 | 0 | |
| OX/4 | 2 | 0 | |
| ME | M1 | 67 | 0 |
| MX/1 | 20 | 0 | |
| M2 | 60 | 4 | |
| MX/2 | 9 | 1 | |
| M3 | 63 | 4 | |
| M2/3 | 15 | 0 | |
| M4 | 15 | 7 | |
| M2/4 | 3 | 0 | |
| M3/4 | 17 | 1 | |
| MX/4 | 20 | 0 | |
| EModE | E1 | 14 | 28 |
| E2 | 14 | 33 | |
| E3 | 9 | 78 |
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