äդˤƤѲŪݼŪʽդȿǤ줺ˡδѻԤܤ˸ƤʤȤǽϡʸؾ塤뤳ȤΤǤʤΤǤ롥㤨С줬νդȿǤƤʤȤäơäդȤѤƤ⤷ʤȤǽǤOED νǯΰ˴ؤ뿵ʤɤϻʹ롥ΤʿǤϤ뤬ޤ˿䤷ʤȡʸ˳ǧʤǡʤ뤳Ȥ⡤äդǤϤ⤷ʤǤ뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤޤϢȤơվǡȤ礭Ѳä褦˸ˡϽդڤؤ˵븫ѲˤбäդǤϡޤѲ˿ʹԤƤϤȤ롥
Ѹ쥪βǤ⡤ˡ¤ѤƤ롥Poussa ϡ14ˤ Samuels νդʬǤ Type II Type III ǡڤؤϡбäդεѲΤǤϤʤȤդ˸ʤ̲äդˤƤϡKnut 衤쥪벽 koiné ³ƤϤȹͤƤ롥ơType III оϡ14Ūʥեϰ̤βȡѸϰ̤θưŤ줿ѸɸಽĬήȿǤΤȽҤ٤Ƥ롥
. . . if we take the view that the English speech of London had, since the time of Knut, been a continuum of regional and social varieties of which the Midland koiné was one, then it is easier to explain the changes in the written language [from Type II to Type III] as jerky adjustments to a gradual rise in social status of the spoken Midland variety. (80)
褦ʵϡǯ褦ˤʤäƤȸαѸ˵ڤܤƶˤĤƤʹ㤨С[2011-03-17-1]ε#689. Northern Personal Pronoun Rule ȱʸˡˤ륱ȸαƶפȡˡűѸɸաLate West-Saxon Schriftsprache ߤäƤޤäƤΤΡűѸѸäդˤΥȸŪǤޤޤƤϤȤѸ줬եΤӤѸʹߤˡ褦䤯äդդξ¤ȿǤ褦ˤʤꡤǤ˥ȸαƶƤ do-periphrasis ʹԷʸ塤Ƴǧ褦ˤʤäΤ롥
εϡʸؤˤƼֻܸѤƤ scribal error show-through Ȥäޤ餺äդƩƸƤޤ褦ʽλ̵뤷Ƥ褦˻פ롥̻ʹ֤Ǥ롥˺ݤơäդȤȤʤɤǤǻפ鷺äդϪ褷ƤޤΤȤΤǤϤʤ
äդ١դߤäƤȤΤϻ¤սڤؤˤäơ礭ʸѲä褦˸ȤΤˤդ˸ʤȤǤäդǤϵäƤ⤷ʤ䵯äƤ˰㤤ʤȡѶŪƤƤ褤ͳˤϤʤʤƤѸ쥪βȶǯΥȸƶδ֤˻褦Ǥ롥
Poussa, Patricia. "The Evolution of Early Standard English: The Creolization Hypothesis." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 14 (1982): 69--85.
ε#1237. ɸѸΥǥȱѸɸಽ ([2012-09-15-1]) ǻȤ Milroy ʸǡSkeat ȯüȯ "the myth of the Anglo-Norman scribe" ḽŪɸѸΥǥ˱ѸᤷȤ̤˵Ƥ롥
Skeat ϡThe Proverb of Alfred ˤĤƤʸ ("The Proverbs of Alfred." Transactions of the Philological Society. 1897.) Τʤǡܤ˸ֻ̯ϡűѸǽ줿 exemplar ɤ߲ʤä̻˵٤ޤǤϤ褤ΤSkeat Ϥˡμ̻ϱѸ1ȤʤΥޥͤäΤȷŤMilroy (21) Ƚ褦ˡ"Unfamiliarity with an older writing system does not necessarily mean that the scribe could not speak English" Ǥ롥
Skeat ιˤ Havelok the Dane Sisam (Sisam, K. and Skeat, W. W. The Lay of Havelok the Dane. Oxford: Clarendon, 1915.) ǡοä϶롥
The manuscript spelling appears . . . to be of a very lawless character, but is easily understood in the light of Professor Skeat's discovery (in 1897) that many of our early MSS . . . abound with spellings which can only be understood rightly when we observe that the scribe was of Norman birth and more accustomed to the spelling of Anglo-French than to that of the native language of the country, which he had acquired with some difficulty and could not always correctly pronounce. (cited in Milroy, p. 26 from Sisam and Skeat, xxxvii--xxxviii)
Υޥ̻ˤȤִֻ̯פˤϡ(1) Ƭ <h> ξά䡤դŪ <h> (2) <wh> ѤȤƤ <w> (ex. wat) (3) <sh> ѤȤƤ <s> (ex. sal) (4) <ht> ѤȤƤ <th>, <cht>, <cth>, <ct>, <t> (ex. rith, ricth) (5) <t> ѤȤƤ <th> (ex. with) (6) <th> ѤȤƤ <t> (ex. herknet) (7) <u>, <wu> ѤȤƤ <w> (ex. wl, hw) (8) <t>, <d> ʤɤդˤæ (ex. lan for land) ʤɤ롥
ɸѸΥǥ˿äƤܤˤϡѸֻˤ uniformity äƤ٤ǤꡤæƤΤǤʤäǤʤ̻μˤΤ˰㤤ʤȱǤߤǤϡѸֻθ椬Ÿ嵭Τ褦ֻѰۤˤηΤ뤳Ȥ狼äƤ롥
ߡѸֻθϡLALME LAEME ߽Ф Edinburgh ɤ濴ˡˤʤƤ롥ˤȤä variation ֤ǤԲķǤȤȤϡƳȡθį뤳ȤˤäƤưפǤΤǤϤʤϢơ[2012-08-08-1]ε#1199. ʤѸˤؤ֤ (2)פ⻲ȡ
Milroy, Jim. "Historical Description and the Ideology of the Standard Language." The Development of Standard English, 1300--1800. Ed. Laura Wright. Cambridge: CUP, 2000. 11--28.
Ѹֻȯδطˤ11ʤ¿¿б㤬̵ˤ뤬<o> ֻ [u] 첻ɽ魯ϤʤΤȤ䤬Ф줿ξǤ˻פĤϤʤäϻפĤԤĤȤϡͤ٤Ĵ٤٤Ǥ롥ͤ٤ȤΤϡʤߤˡĤꤽޤѸDZ첻 /ʊ/ ϺǤ٤㤤û첻Ǥ[2012-02-13-1]εȡˡǡȤʤñпϾʤȤͽ¬Ωġ
ˡ첻ñפ⤫٤Ƥߤ롥˵äƤΤ push, put, pull ʤɤ <u> ĥ롼פȡbook, foot, look ʤɤ <oo> ĥ롼פǤ롥ԤϸűѸ /ʊ/ = <u> δطѸޤϢʤȷѾƤǤ롥첻ϰŪˤ1600ǯ餤ޤǤ岽ФơѸ³ /ʌ/ Ϥ˿ /l/ /ʃ/ ˶ޤ줿ĶǤϡΤ褦岽Фʤäֿ˸³ĶפҥȤˡɸμб褦㳰ʤȹͤƤߤȡ1ĻפĤȤǤűѸ wulf ͳ褹 wolf 첻ʻˤǤ롥Ԥϡֻǽ (minim) Ϣ³Ķ뤿 <u> <o> ؽȤѸΰŪֻǤޤǤ롥w <uu> ֤Ǥϡwolf <uuulf> ȤƼ¸ƤޤҤɤɤߤˤǡ <uuolf> Ȥʶ路ȤȤǤ (Upward and Davidson 59) <u> <o> Ѥ뽬ˤĤƤϡ[2009-12-06-1]ε#223. woman ȯֻפ[2009-07-27-1]ε#91. ʤ;ñ̾ I ʸǽפǤ夲Ȥޤǽơwoman 1첻ʻˤɸμФ⤦1ĤǤ뤳Ȥ˵Ť
³ơ<oo> ĥ롼פͤƤߤ褦Υ롼פ벻ˤϡ/oː/ 첻ܡ /uː/ û /ʊ/ ȤѲǤ롥βѲɤʤֻΤۤŵŪ <oo> 夫<o> äƤ褦õФ褤Ȥˤʤ뤬űѸ bōsm ͳ褹 bosom 1첻ʻˤp. 111ˡ2첻ˤΤ1첻Ѳ <oo> Υ롼פˤȤˤƤ롥
¾ˤϡto μ岽ȯ1ĤȤ /tʊ/ 롥
Upward, Christopher and George Davidson. The History of English Spelling. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
סزˡ١Ѹ11罤۽Ź1985ǯ
The Auchinleck Manuscript (National Library of Scotland Advocates' MS. 19.2.1) ϡɤθءʸءܡɽʸʤɤݤ˺Ǥפʼܤ1ĤȤäƤϡμܤνŦʲϡPearsall and Cunningham Υȥ "LITERARY AND HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MANUSCRIPT" (vii--xi) ȴФƥΡȤΤǤ롥
1330--40ǯȤᤤ˺Ƥꡤ͡ʥΥƥȤܤȤƤϡȴƺǽΤΤǤ롥
ǼƤƥȤ¿ƥƥȤθ¸ǸŤΥƤ롥㳰ϡnos. 4, 7, 8, 13, 19, 29, 34, 35, 40 ΤߤǤ롥
ƥȤΤۤȤɤѸǽƤ롥㳰ϡno. 20 Anglo-Norman κΤ nos. 8, 10, 36 Latin ΤߤǤ롥Auchinleck MS Ի (Jesus College, Oxford, MS. 29; British Library Cotton Caligula A.ix; Trinity College, Cambridge, MS. 323; Bodleian Library Digby 2; Bodleian Library Digby 85; British Library Harley 2253) ˤϡAnglo-Norman Latin ΥƥȤ̤˸줿
ԻμܤˤϡȤƳؼؤоݤȤƥȤޤޤƤAuchinleck MS ˤ¯ŪƤʤƥȤ¿ޤޤƤꡤפɼؤ¸ߤ⤫Ӿ夬äƤ롥
ƥȤΥ44ƥȡˡno. 21 ʳϤ٤ƱʸǽƤ롥
- saint's legends: nos. 1, 4, 5, 12
- other types of religious narrative: nos. 3, 6, 8, 9, 13, 16, 29
- religious debates: nos. 7, 34
- homiletic and monitory pieces: nos. 10, 35, 39
- poems of religious instruction: nos. 14, 15, 36
- a chronicle: no. 40
- a list of names of Norman barons: no. 21 (not in verse)
- humorous tales: nos. 27, 28
- poems of satire and complaint: nos. 20, 42, 44
- romances: nos. 2, 11, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, 38, 41, 43 (accounting for three-quarters of the bulk of MS)
ޥ26ƥȤΤ15ƥȤ¸ͣμ̤Ǥ롥
ޥ18ƥȤΤ8ƥȤ¸ͣμ̤Ǥꡤ9ƥȤ¸ǤŤ̤Ǥ롥Ĥ1ƥ (no. 19 = Floris ) Τߤ㳰
оɼؤ "popular" ȤޤǤϤʤ"the aspirant middle-class citizen, perhaps a wealthy merchant" (viii) äꤵ롥
ɥ "bookshop" ǡʣμ̻ƱȤǺ夲ȹͤ롥ƱȤϹ٤Ƥ櫓ǤϤʤ٤ȿƤ
6ͤμ̻ʲʬۤǶƱܺ˹Ƥ롥scribe 1 Τ72%ôƤ롥
| Gatherings | Item nos. | Texts | Scribe |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1--6 | 1--9 | Religious poems (incl. King of Tars) | 1 |
| 7--10 | 10 | Speculum Gy de Warewyke | 2 |
| 11--13 | Religious poems (incl. Amis) | 1 | |
| 11--16 | 14--19 | Miscellaneous | 3 |
| 20 | Sayings of the Four Philosophers | 2 | |
| 21 | List of names of Norman barons | 4 | |
| 17(?)--25 | 22--23 | Guy of Warwick and continuation | 1 |
| 24 | Reinbrun | 5 | |
| 26--36 | 25 | Beues of Hamtoun | 5 |
| 26--29 | Arthour and Merlin plus 3 fillers | 1 | |
| 37 | 30--31 | Lay le freine, Roland and Vernagu | 1 |
| 38--[?] | 32 | Otuel (and other poems?) | 6 |
| [?]--41 | 33--36 | Kyng Alisaunder plus 3 fillers | 1 |
| 42--44 | 37--39 | Tristrem and Orfeo plus 1 filler | 1 |
| 45--47 | 40--42 | Chronicle and Horn childe plus 1 filler | 1 |
| 48--[?] | 43 | Richard | 1 |
| 52 | 44 | The Simonie | 2 |
ѸγؽԤѸǽ줿ƥȤɤ⤦ȤȤ˶äΤϡڥ¿ͤǤ롥㤨СѸˤ through ȤñϤʤ515̤ΰۤʤ륹ڥ
doruȝ-, dorw, dorwe, dorwgh, dourȝh, drowgȝ, durghe, durwe, -thogh, thorch, thorew, thorewe, thorffe, thorg, Thorgh, thorgh, -thorgh, thorgh, thorghe, thorght, thorghw, thorghwe, thorgth, thorh, thoro, thorogh, thoroghe, thoroght, -thoroght, thorohe, thoroo, thorou, Thorough, thorough, thorough-, thoroughe, thorought, Thorouh, thorouȝ, thorouȝh, Thorow, thorow, thorow-, Thorowe, thorowe, thorowg, thorowgh, thorowghe, thorowght, thorowh, thorowth, thorowut, thorowȝ, thorowȝt, thorrou, thorrow, thorth, thorthe, thoru, thoru-, thorue, thorugh, -thorugh, thorughe, thorught, -thorught, Thoruh, thoruh, thoruh-, thorur, thoruth, Thoruȝ, thoruȝ, thoruȝh, thorv, Thorw, thorw, -thorw, thorw, Thorwe, thorwe, thorwgh, thorwh, thorwȝ, -thorwȝ, thorwȝ, thorwȝe, Thorȝ, thorȝ, Thorȝe, thorȝe, thorȝh, thorȝoh, thorȝt, thorȝw, thorȝwe, thour, thour, thoure, thourgh, -thourgh, thourghe, thourght-, thourh, thourhe, thourow, thourr, thourth, thourw, thourw, thourwg, thourȝ, thourȝ, thourȝe, thow, thowe, thowffe, thowr, thowrgh, thowrow, thowur, thrawth, threw, thro, thro-, -thro, throch, throcht, throgh, throghe, throghet, throght, throght, throghte, throighe, throu, throuche, throue, throug, through, through-, throughe, throught, throuh, throuȝ, throuȝe, throuȝht, throve, throw, throw-, throw, throwe, throwe, throwe, throwg, throwgh, throwght, throwh, throwr, throwth, throwȝ, throwȝe, throȝ, -throȝe, throȝe, throȝgh, throȝghe, throȝh, throȝhe, throȝt, thruch, thrue-, thrug-, Thrugh, thrugh, thrughe, thrught, thrughte, thruh, thruth, thruȝ, thruȝe, thruȝhe, thrvoo, thrw, thrwe, thrwgh, thrwght, thrygh, thuht, thur, thurch, thurew, thurg, thurge, thurge-, thurgeh, Thurgh, thurgh, thurgh-, -thurgh, thurgh, thurghe, thurght, thurghte, thurgth, thurgwe, Thurh, thurh, thurhe, thurhge, thurhgh, thuro, thurow, thurowe, thurth, thurthe, thuru, thurv, thurw, -thurw, thurwe, Thurȝ, thurȝ, thurȝe, Thurȝh, thurȝh, Thurȝhg, thurȝt, thurȝth, thwrgh, thwrw, torgh, torghe, torw, -torwe, trghug, trogh, troght, trough, trow, trowe, trowffe, trowgh, trowght, trugh, trughe, trught, twrw, yerowe, yhorh, yhoru, yhrow, yhurgh, yhurght, yora, yorch, yorgh, yorghe, yorh, yoro, yorou, yoroue, yorough, yorour, yorow, yorow-, yorowe, yorowe, yoru, yorugh, yoruh, yoruȝ, yorw, yorwe, yorȝ, your, yourch, yourgh, yourghe, yourh, yourw-, yourȝ, yowr, yowrw, yoȝou, yrogh, yrou-, yrow, yrugh, yruȝ, yurch, yurg-, yurgh, yurghe, yurght, yurh, yurhg, yurht, yurowe, yurth, yurthe, yuru, yurw, yurwh, yurȝ, yurȝe, ðoru, þarȝ, þerew, þerew, þerow, þerue-, þhorow, þhurȝ, þor, þorch, þore, þoreu, þorew, þorewe, þorewȝ, þoreȝ, þorg, -þorgh, þorgh, þorghe, þorght, þorghȝ, þorguh, þorgȝ, þorh, þoro, þorogh, þoroghe, þorou, þorou, þoroue, þorough, þorought, þorouh, þorour, -þorouȝ, þorouȝ, þorouȝe, þorouȝh, þorouȝt, þorow, -þorow, þorow, þorow, þorowe, þorowgh, þorowghe, þorowh, þorowth, þorowþ, þorouwȝ, þoroȝ, þorrow, þorrughe, þorth, þoru, -þoru, þorue, þorug, þorugh, þorught, þorugȝ, þoruh, þoruhg, þoruth, þoruþ, þoruȝ, -þoruȝ, þoruȝe, þoruȝh, þoruȝt, þorv, þorw, þorw-, -þorw, þorwe, þorwgh, þorwgȝ, þorwh, -þorwh, þorwhe, þorwth, þorwtȝ, þorwȝ, þorwȝe, þorþ, þorȝ, þorȝe, þorȝh, þorȝhȝ, þorȝt, þough, þour, þour, þour, þourg, þourgh, þourght, þourgȝ, þourh, þourh, þourow, þourt, þourth, þouruȝ, þourw, þourw-, -þourw, þourwe, þourþ, þourȝ, t-þourȝ, þourȝ, þourȝe, þourȝh, þourȝt, þourȝw, þouȝ, þouȝt, þowr, þowre, þro, þrogh, þroghe, þrorow, þrorowe, þroth, þrou, þrough, þrought, þroughte-, þrouh, þrouhe, þrouht, þrouȝ, þrouȝe, þrouȝh, þrouȝt, þrouȝte, þrouȝth, þrow, þrow, þrowe, þrowgh, þrowghe, þrowh, -þrowþ, þrowȝ, þrowȝe, þroȝ, þroȝe, þroȝgh, þroȝh, þroȝt, þroȝth, þrugh, -þruh, þruȝ, þruȝe, þur, þurch, þureh, þureȝ, þurf, þurg, þurgh, -þurgh, þurghe, þurght, þurghȝ, þurgȝh, þurh, þurh, þurhg, þurht, þuro, þurow, þurru, þurth, þurthe, þuru, þuruch, þurugh, þurughe, þurut, þuruȝ, þurw, þurw-, þurwe, þurwȝ, þurwȝ, þurþ, þurȝ, þurȝe, þurȝg, þurȝh, þurȝhg, þurȝt, þurȝth, þwrgh, ȝorgh, ȝoru, ȝoruȝ, ȝoruȝt, ȝorw, ȝour, ȝowr, ȝurch
ԴѤǤ롥ʤʾˤʤäƤΤ
ǤСɸॹڥȤΤʤäȤȤǤ롥ϵϤȤʤ뼭ʤСڥޥΤ褦ʿʪ⤤ʤ̻ ( scribe ) ȸƤФγơ褽ʬȯ¨֤ƤΤǤ롥㤨СνпȤμ̻Ǥϡޤǰ㤦櫓ǤꡤȯۤʤäǡƱñǤ⤫ʤۤʤä֤Ѥ줿ϤǤ롥ˤϡƱ̻Ǥ⡤Ĥñ줬Ը˰ۤʤ륹ڥǽȤȤȤǤϤʤڥޤäƤ븽Ѹ줫鸫ȡǤ롥
ѸΥڥ褽ߤΤ褦ʷ夤ΤϡѸʹߤǤ롥ŪäȸǤޤäƤäѸλǰǤְ㤨ХĤȤȤ桹Τ褦˼Ƥ뤬μ̻θѸ춵θʤȤ
ѸΤۤ;͵ͷӤ褦ˤפ뤬515̤ϹԤ⤽ <trghug> ʤƤɤȯ줿Τ
ʰʲ嵭2025/01/15(Wed)
hellog #5738. 516ܤ through Ĥޤ ([2025-01-11-1]) heldio #1326. through ֻ516̤ܤȯ ǾҲ𤷤Ȥꡤפ֤˿ʰ֤Фޤ
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