hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     ڡ 1 2 3 4 5 / page 5 (5)

timeline - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2013-05-11 Sat

#1475. Ѹȸ˴ؤϿޤΥ [internet][link][timeline][hel_education][map][global_language][elf][vexillology]

Map of the World Ȥ͡Ͽޤ󶡤ɥȤ򸫤ĤõƤߤȡѸ䤽¾θ˴ؤϿޤ奢ˤ˭٤ǡܥ֥ȤƾҲ𤹤ͤȻפäΤǡʲ˥󥯤ĥäƤϿޤΰŪӤˤ˻Ȥ롥

English Language --- Facts & Infographic: ѸħѸˤ绨Ĥ˲⡥Τʤ English Speaking Countries Ͽޤͭѡ
Should English Be The Official Language Of The World --- Facts & Infographic: ȤƤθѸϰ̤ҴŪ˵ҡǡŵϤ狼ʤ The Web of Words Ǥϡ־ΥƥĤαѸΨ56%ʰŪ̡ˡ־Υߥ˥αѸΨ26.8%ˤĤ2̡ˤȤʤäƤ롥Ѹ줬ѸȤʤäƤ56ιƤ롥ե٥åȽ˵󤲤ȡAntigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Cameroon, Canada, Dominica, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia, ZimbabweϢơ#177. ENL, ESL, EFL ϰΥꥹȡ ([2009-10-21-1]) #376. ˤѸιϿޤǤߤ ([2010-05-08-1]) ⻲ȡ
Top Ten English Speaking Countries: ϿޤDZѸüԡüԤȤϸ¤ʤ˿͸ȥå10ι񤬼Ƥ롥ǡ뤬ե٥åȽ˵󤲤ȡAustralia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Nigeria, Philippines, United Kingdom, United States
Top Ten Daily Newspapers in English: ϿޤǼ뤬ƤȥɤΤߡ1ʿȯˡThe Sun (UK), USA Today (USA), The Daily Mail (UK), The Mirror (UK), Times of India (India), Wall Street Journal (USA), New York Times (USA), The Daily Telegraph (UK), Daily Express (UK), Los Angeles Times (USA)

Language Map of the World: 25Ȥ¾ȤǿʬϿޤ롥

UK Map --- United Kingdom: ꥹϿޤ򤶤äȼȤ˻Ȥ롥Physical Map   *  
USA Map: ꥫϿޤ򤶤äȼȤ˻Ȥ롥Physical Map   *  
Europe Map: 衼åϿޤ򤶤äȼȤ˻Ȥ롥Physical Map   *  
Map of the World: Ͽޤ򤶤äȼȤ˻Ȥ롥  *  *  *

ۤ˥饤θϿޤȤƤϡ#715. Britannica Online ǻȤǤϿޡ ([2011-04-12-1]) ĥä󥯤䡤Ethnologue Browse by Map Title 򻲾ȡ

Referrer (Inside): [2014-02-07-1]

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2013-03-24 Sun

#1427. פʱ˴ؤǯɽ [timeline][bible]

Ѹǯɽ꡼ΰĤȤơ (205) ˴ؤǯɽǤ롥ѸǤޤǤΤĤιܤˤĤơñդ

9c.The Vespasian Psalter
10c.The Paris Psalterƥ
10c.The Lindisfarne GospelsNorthumbria ˤԴ
10c.The Rushworth GospelsMatt., Mark (1:2--15), John (18:1--3) Mercia ¾ Northumbria ˤԴ
11c.The West-Saxon Gospels
11c.Ælfric's HeptateuchͳŪʵϻ
c1384The Wycliffite Bible (Early version)˾δƥˡαƶ
c1388The Wycliffite Bible (Late version)ƥˡαƶޤäƤ
1525/26Tyndale's New TestamentƸŵСƳܤȤ
1530Tyndale's PentateuchExod., Lev., Deut. ϥޥΡ¾ϥåΤǰ
c1531Tyndale's Jonah
1535Coverdale's Bible˾γˤ봰2 (1537) ϱѹǽǤ줿ǽαǤꡤ˾Ϥƹ񲦤ǧĤͿ줿
1537Matthew's BibleºݤˤԤ̤ꡨTyndale ˤ뿷ȥ⡼޽Tyndale ˤ̤ Josh. 2 Chron.Ĥ Coverdale's Bible ۤȤѹäԽ줿
1539The Great Bible緿Thomas Cromwell ˤꡤMiles Coverdale Matthew's Bible ꤷ
1539Taverner's Bible
1557The Geneva New Testament
1560The Geneva Bible The Great Bible ߤˤƸŵ顤 The Geneva New Testament βѥȥɤߤ䤹ޥΡֹ椬դ졤ʹ75ǯֿƤޤ롨Shakespeare Ѥ
1568The Bishops' BibleThe Great Bible β1571ǯμ綵ĤˤƲƶǤλѤ줿
1582[NT] The Rheims-Douai Bibleȥåϡ륬¤줿
16591609--1610[OT] The Rheims-Douai Bibleȥåϡ륬¤줿
1611The Authorized Version񲦸ǧνǡWestminster Abbey μǤʺפ U of Oxford, U of Cambridge ؼԤ碌47--50̾The Bishops' Bible 1βߤȤۤ Tyndale's Bible, Matthew's Bible, Coverdale's Bible, Whitchurch's (=The Great) Bible, The Geneva Bible ⻲Ȥŵɽ61%ޤǤɽѤǤ
1762The Cambridge Standard Edition
1769The Oxford Standard Edition
1881[NT] The Revised Version
1885[OT] The Revised Version
1901The American Standard Version
1946[NT] The Revised Standard Version
1952[OT] The Revised Standard Version
1961[NT] The New English Bible
1970[OT] The New English Bible
1989The Revised English Bible
1989The New Revised Standard Version
  *  

νǴطޤ⻲ȡ

رѸ١ؽDz2005ǯ.

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2013-03-16 Sat

#1419. ǡѸάǯɽ [timeline][history][historiography]

timeline γƵǽ񤭤ƤѸǯɽ꡼ˡرѸ٤鶶Ǥάǯɽ (216) äѸˤκǽ׻˹ʤƤ뤬2ܻˤή줬碌ƼƤͭѡ

55--54 BCѹ

43 ADǥѹ

410ʼܹ˰Ȥ

c405ƥ (The Vulgate)

432St. Patrick ɤ۶

449Angle, Saxon, Jute αѹ538ʩ
c563St. Columba åȥɤ۶ϡ̤륢å塦ꥹȶ

597St. Augustine Ȥ۶ϡ̾夹ޡȥå604ηˡ


645粽β
664Whitby ġʥꥹȶ2ɤΩ뤿νġ672ѿ
c680Beowulf ????

c700ǸŤαѸʸ708Ʊߤ¤


710--94ī
735Bede ह712ظŻ
787Viking αѹ720ܽ񵪡
871Alfred 粦 Wessex 񲦤˽Ǥ794--1192ʿī
886ǡ󡦥 (Danelaw) ΤȤʥ󥰥ͤȥ󥰤εサζ797³ܵ


c900ݼʪ
1016--42󥰤β̡Ȥѹβ˽Ǥʥ󥰤θդѸˤʤc1000ҡ


c1010ظʪ


c1059ع
1066Ρޥ󡦥󥯥ȡʥ󥰤λ¹ǥե󥹹񲦤θߥΥޥǥѹβ˽ǤѹθѸ줬ե󥹸ˤʤc1120غʪ
1171Henry II ɿ1192--1333һ
1337--1453100ǯ (Hundred Years' War)c1219ʿʪ
1348--50 (Black Death)c1330


1336--1392ī
1362IJDZѸ1336--1573Į
1367Edward ҥڥc1371ʿ
1343--1400Geoffrey Chaucer1397ջηΩ
1381̱ (Peasants' Revolt)

1384Wycliffe 󡦵񡦳ŵ

1400--첻 (the Great Vowel Shift)c1402ز
1476Caxton ѹƳ1489ջηΩ
1534ѹ񶵲 (Church of England)1543Ŵˤ
1558졼ӼElizabeth I ¨1549ꥹȶ
1565--1616William Shakespeare1590Ȥ
1607ǽΥꥫΦ1603--1867ͻ
1611ض1612ꥹȶػ
1620ᥤե̥ץޥ1639
1642--49Charles I IJ (Civil War)

1649Charles I 跺¹Ω1682عˡ
1755Samuel Johnson Ѹ켭1782--87ŷ絲
1884--1928the Oxford English Dictionary ʵ̾the New English Dictionary˽1868--1912
1899--1861Ernest Hemingway1867--1916


رѸ١ؽDz2005ǯ.

Referrer (Inside): [2019-11-02-1]

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2013-02-03 Sun

#1378. ѸˤΥեեå [timeline][hel_education][link]

ε#1377. Gelderen ǡѸάǯɽ ([2013-02-02-1]) ޤᡤǶᡤѸǯɽˤäƤ##777,1368,1369,1377 ۤtimeline γƵ⻲ȡˡ
夲ƤΤϡǯʸŪǻʸŪǯɽФǯɽΤ褦ʤΤȤ⤷־õƤߤȤInfographic Showing the History of the English Language ʤڡ򸫤ĤˤѸˤγϽĹ1.5MBȽŤΤǡʲΤ褦˥åˤ륺Ȱưǽˤʤ뤤Υڡءˡ



ΥեեåäƤϡβˤ褦˰ʲΥȤ󸻤ȤѤȤ־ˤϡ餳ǯɽΥڡžäƤ褦

BBC British History in Depth: The Ages of English: #18. Ѹˤ򥪥饤dzؽǤ륵ȡ ([2009-05-16-1]) ǾҲ𤷤ΤƱ
Key Events in the History of the English Language: 켫ȤѸάǯɽ˾ܤĤƤ
Chronology of Events in the History of English: դαѸάǯɽ
Language Timeline: ǯñ̤ǤĤαѸάǯɽ

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2013-02-02 Sat

#1377. Gelderen ǡѸάǯɽ [timeline][history][historiography]

[2011-06-13-1] Crystal ǡ[2013-01-24-1] Fennel ǡ[2013-01-25-1]Υե㥯Ǥ˰³Ѹǯɽ꡼ϡGelderen αѸ˳ (313--17) ȴ񤭡ˤƤ⤽ǯɽ⡤٤ƱΡ㤦ΤįƤȡȯΤǤ롥

8000 BC   Hunter-gatherers move across Europe also into what is now the British Isles
6500 BC   Formation of English Channel
6000 BC   Shift to farming
3000 BC   Stonehenge culture
2500 BC   Bronze Age in Britain
1000 BC   Migrations of Celtic people to Britain begins
600 BC   Iron Age
55 BC--54 BC   Expeditions by Caesar
43   Invasion by Claudius
43--47   South and East England brought under Roman control
50   London founded
70--84   Wales, Northern England, and Scotland under Roman control
100--200   Uprisings in Scotland
122   Hadrian Walls begun
150   Small groups of settlers from the continent
410   Romans withdraw
450   Hengest and Horsa come to Kent ('invited' to hold back the Picts)
455   Hengest rebels against Vortigern
477   Saxons in Sussex
495   Saxons in Wessex
527   Saxon kingdoms in Essex and Middlesex
550   Anglian kingdoms in Mercia, Northumbria, and East Anglia
560   Æthelberht becomes King of Kent
597   Augustine missionaries land in Kent and conversion to Christianity starts
794   Scandinavian attacks on Lindisfarne, Jarrow, Iona and subsequent conquest of Northumbria
865   Scandinavian conquest of East Anglia
871--899   Rule of King Alfred and establishment of the Danelaw
1016--1042   Rule of King Cnut and his heirs
1042--1066   Rule of King Edward (January 1066)
1066   Death of King Edward (January 1066)
1066   King Harold's defeat at Hastings and William of Normandy takes over (December 1066)
1066   William (of Normandy) becomes king (December 1066)
1095   First Crusade
1162   Becket is murdered
1169--1172   Conquest of Ireland
1204   King John loses Normandy to the French
1282--1283   Conquest of Wales
1290   Expulsion of Jews from England
1315--1316   Great Famine
1337--1453   The 100-year War
1349--1351   The Black Death, i.e. plague, kills one-third of the population
1362   Statute of Pleadings (legal proceedings in English)
1381   The Peasants' revolt
1382   Condemnation of Wycliff
1476   Introduction of the printing press by Caxton
1492   Columbus reaches the 'New World'
1497   Cabot reaches Newfoundland, Canada
1504   St John's, Newfoundland, established as the first British colony in North America
1509--1547   Reign of Henry VIII
1534   Act of Supremacy, English monarch becomes head of the Church of England
1536   Monasteries dissembled
1539   English bible in every church
1550   Population of England reaches 3 million
1558--1603   Queen Elizabeth I
1600   The East India Company is granted a charter
1607   Settlement at Jamestown
1611   The King James Bible (KJV)
1612   English presence in Bermuda and in India
1620   Pilgrim fathers establish colony in Plymouth
1624--1630   War between England and Spain
1626--1629   War between England and France
1627--1647   Settlements on Barbados and the Bahamas
1629   Charles I dissolves parliament
1642--1648   First and Second Civil War
1649   Charles I beheaded
1649   Charles II becomes king
1649   Jews officially admitted
1649--1655   Cromwell conquers Ireland
1655   English presence in Jamaica
1653--1660   Cromwell is 'Lord Protector'
1660   Charles II 'restored''
1660   Royal Society founded, to promote science
1670   Hudson Bay Company active
1670--1679   Colonization of West Africa
1688   The Glorious Revolution
1689--1702   Rule of William and Mary
1700   Population of England is 5 million
1707   Act of Union, uniting England and Scotland as the UK
1746   Battle of Culloden; subsequent repression of Scottish Gaelic
1755   Johnson's Dictionary
1759   Wolfe takes Quebec for England
1760--1850   Highland Clearances in Scotland, with resulting emigration and loss of Celtic
1763   Trading in Basra, Iraq
1765--1947   British rule over India
1773   Boston Tea Party
1775--1783   American War of Independence
1776   American Declaration of Independence
1780--1789   Colonies (of convicts) in Australia
1789   French Revolution
1789   George Washington first American president
1791   British colonies in Upper and Lower Canada
1803   Louisiana Purchase
1806   British take over the Cape Colony in South Africa
1806   Webster's Dictionary
1819--1824   Malacca and Singapore occupied by the British
1820--1829   Railroads in the US
1821--1823   Irish famine
1830--1839   Settlement of New Zealand
1834   Slavery abolished in the British Empire
1842   China cedes Hong Kong
1844   First telegraph
1837--1901   Reign of Queen Victoria
1853   Gadsden Purchase
1853   Japan opened to Western trade
1858   Decision to start the OED
1861--1865   American Civil War
1861   British colony in Nigeria
1862   British colony in Honduras
1865   Abolition of slavery in the United States of America
1869   Suez Canal opened
1876   Telephone invented
1884   Berlin Conference determines colonial power in Africa
1886   Annexation of Burma
1890--1899   Rhodesia and Uganda colonized in an attempt to control the Cape-to-Cairo corridor
1880--1902   Boer Wars and British conquest of South Africa
1898   American control over Hawaii, Philippines, and Puerto Rico
1898   Hong Kong and Territories leased to Britain for 99 years
1901   Death of Queen Victoria
1907   Hollywood becomes a filmmaking center
1914--1918   First World War
1916   Easter Uprising, leading to Irish independence in 1921
1918   Women (over 30) get the vote in Britain
1920   Kenya as British colony
1922   BBC starts
1928   OED appears (with supplement in 1933)
1931   Statute of Westminster (former British Dominions de fact independent); British Commonwealth
1939   photocopying invented
1939--1945   Second World war
1942   First computers
1945   United Nations founded
1946   Philippines independent
1947   The independence of India and Pakistan; and New Zealand
1948   Burma and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) independent
1949   NATO founded
1950--1953   Korean War
1951   First computers
1960   Nigeria becomes independent
1960   World population reaches 3 billion
1961--1975   Vietnam War
1963   Kenya becomes independent
1973   Britain joins European Union (confirmed in a 1975 referendum)
1980   CNN starts
1984   Apple PC
1990   Native American Languages Act
1990--1991   Gulf War
1990--1999   Internet becomes major communication tool
1999   World population reaches 6 billion
2000   OED online
2003   Iraq War
2003   In Wales, 20% speak Welsh, up 2.4% in 10 years


ʸ嵭2013/03/18(Mon)Ʊǯɽ Gelderen ѥ˥󥵥ꡤ"Timeline" Ǥ롥

Gelderen, Elly van. A History of the English Language. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, 2006.

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2013-01-25 Fri

#1369. ե㥯ǡѸάǯɽ [timeline][history][historiography]

ε#1368. Fennell ǡѸάǯɽ ([2013-01-24-1]) ˰³ϥե㥯ǤǯɽƸ롥ܸǤαѸǯɽ⤢Ȼפ˽ä (207--10) ƱѸˤǯɽȤäƤ⡤ԤˤäۤʤΤǤꡤ줾ħ롥ǯɽΤ1Ĥ˵ҤˡǤȤȤǧ롥

55, 54 BC   桼ꥦ뤬Ψƥ֥ƥ˾Φ
43 BC   ˤȿŪʥ֥ƥϤޤ
end of C3   ޥͽ²ˤǽΥ֥ƥ繶
367   åȿ͡ʥɤˡԥȿ̤͡ˡ͡줫ˤ޻۲Υ֥ƥ򹶷
375   ե²ʤƨ褦²ɥʥϤ˿ޥ̱²ưϤޤ롥Ƿ
383   ޷ޤ˾
410   ǸΥ޷Ĥ֥ƥ礫ű
449   ޥ²֥ƥ˿Ϥ
c500   ֥Хɥ˥֡פ襤ǿԥޥͤԤ졤֥ƥˤư
547?   ϥС̤˥󥰥²Ƥ
597   ƥ̥Ȳ夷֥ƥ˽Ǥޥͤ˥ꥹȶ۶Ϥ
634   ɤνƻΤΡ֥ꥢΥꥹȶ˾Ф
655   ޡΥꥹȶΡ֥ꥢȥɤ붵դμˤ괰λ
664   Ρ֥ꥢˤơۥåȥӡĤ롥֥ƥ䥢ɤΥꥹȶ޶줵Ȥʤ
c725   ˤإ١ա٤κ
787   ǡͤοϤޤ
865   ǡͿ2
871--899   եå粦μ
879   եå粦ȡʥबΨ˥ǡͤȤδ֤ǥɥ⥢ζꡥǡϰγ
886   եå粦ɥΡβ󥰥ɤǧ
964   ƻβפϤޤꡤѸɸಽ˱ƶͿ
973   ɥСˤơƥꥹȶεˤ״󤲡ʥǡϰޤ󥰥ɤκǽβȤʤ
991   աȥ奰󤬥ꥹ˿ǡͿ3Ϥޤ
1066   ꥢءƥ󥰥襤Ǿ򤪤ᡤΥޥͤαѹϤޤ롥ե󥹸ȥƥ줬ѸäƸѸȤʤ
1154   إԡХǯ嵭٤ȸƤФܤεϿϤǯǽ뤹롥ʰ̤ˡإ󥰥ǯ嵭٤ȸƤФ롥ܤ7ĤꡤοϤޤäƤ롥
1204   󲦤ե󥹹񲦥եå2Ԥ졤Υޥǥե󥹲μϤ롥ꥹ̱²ޤϤ
1250   ѹ²᤬뤷ե󥹸Ť󤺤ɬפʤʤ
1258   إ꡼3Υޥͤαѹʹ߽ƱѸ۹Ф
1295   ॺեɤκȽǡʸ񤬱Ѹȥե󥹸ξɤޤ
1337--1453   ɴǯ补ˤꡤꥹͤϥե󥹤ΤΤФŨ褦ˤʤ
1344   ˡ񤬽ƱѸǽ񤫤
1348--1350   ¤ΤᡤꥹҲ絬Ϥʽ̱ΰư
1362   񤬽ƱѸdz񤵤롥IJϡ³ˡפꤷ1363ǯ1ʹߤϤ٤Ƥʾټ³ĤϱѸǹԤʤȤ˷
1381   ̱䤬ꡤҲŪưοʹԤ®
c1385   Ѹ줬󥰥γعѤ褦ˤʤ
1413   إ꡼4ѹ񲦤ȤƽƱѸǰĤ
1422   Ѹˤǽζ̼ʸ
1423   εĻϿѸǽ񤫤Ϥ
c1430   ĮƱȹθʸ˱ѸѤϤ
1476   ꥢࡦ㥯ȥ󤬥󥰥ɤꡤȥߥ󥹥˺ǽΰĤ
1499   㥯ȥθѼԥԥ󥽥󤬡Ѹ졦ƥýػҶΤθդˡ٤Ǥʽ񤫤줿Τ1440ǯˡԻؤΰȤʤ
1534   إ꡼8޶Ȥδطѹ񶵲Ω
1564--1616   ꥢࡦԥ
1586   ꥢࡦ֥ʸˡΤξҡ١ƱԤˤ븽¸ʤʸˡδʰǡˤǤ롥ǽαʸˡ
1588   ڥ̵Ũ˾Ѹ줬˹üȤʤ
1604   Сȡɥ꡼إե٥åȽð٤νǡǽαѸΰ켭ŵʱѱѼŵ
1607   ꥫ˱Ѹ줬⤿餵롥Υ˥ˡԤˤäƥॺ󤬷ߤ
1611   ʥॺˤν
1639--1686   ɡʥޥɥ饹륫åܥ٥ˤ˱ѹϤߤ
1642--1660   ̱̿
1664   Ω񤬡ֱѸɤ뤿ΡװѰ
1712   J. եȤˤ륪åեؤμ椬رѸζɡΤơ٤ȤƽǤ졤ǥߡΩ¥
1713   Υե󥹤饤ꥹ˾Ϥ
1755   ߥ奨롦󥽥رѸ켭ŵ٤Ǥ롥19ޤѸɤ뤮ʤŪ¸ߤȤʤ
1759   վ٥å襤ǥե󥹷˾
1761   ɤꥹο̱ϤȤʤ
1769--1777   ץƥ󡦥åʿΤؤιҳӾǡȥꥢ˥塼ɡޥ˥򥤥ꥹΤ
1775--1783   ꥫΩˤꡤꥫ罰
1788   ȥꥢΥ˥塼륺˺ǽήϿ̱Ϥߤ롥ץեꥫˤˤ륪̱ϤꥹͭȤʤ
1805   ȥե륬γˤƥꥹե󥹷˾롥ꥹƸ򾸰̱ϳؤƻ򳫤
1816   ꥹǺǽΰ²ʿʹȯԤ졤Ѹ˱ƶͿޥǥ夬Ϥޤ
1840   ˥塼ɤˤơꥹ̱Ϥߤ롥ꥹΰ²͹٤ʸ̿ȯã¥˱Ѹ줬ڤ
1858   ؿѸ켭ŵ١ʸˡإåեɱѸ켭ŵ٤ȾΤˤԽȤϤޤ
1890--1910   ¿ȯʳؾȯѸΤʤ礭ʱƶͿ
1899--1901   եꥫΥ֡ˤƽԤλ¹̡ꥹƸΩ
1914--1918   1Ѹΰҿޤ롥ե󥹸϶ȤơޤȤƤϰ̤򼺤Ϥʥ륵󤬥ե󥹸ȱѸǽ񤫤
1939--1945   2郎ˡѸڤ򲡤ʤᡤΰҿ


ĥե㥯 رѸ˳⡡1̻ˡ١Ļҡ2006ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2013-02-02-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2013-01-24 Thu

#1368. Fennell ǡѸάǯɽ [timeline][history][historiography]

#777. Ѹάǯɽ ([2011-06-13-1]) ǤϡCrystal ǤαѸάǯɽǺܤ Fennell ǤƸ롥Fennell ǤϳƾϤκǽоݤȤʤäƤ˴ؤǯɽܤƤꡤʲϤۤ¤ԽޤǤǡ٤ƤʤFennell ̾ͽۤȤꡤҲŪ¦̤ȿǤƤǯɽǤ롥

8000 BC   Hunter groups move into Lapland
7000 BC   Wheat, barley and pulses cultivated from Anatolia to Pakistan; goats and pigs domesticated
7000 BC   Farming developed on Indian subcontinent; barley main crop
6500 BC   Adoption of farming in Balkan region; beginning of the European Neolithic spread of domestic animals, probably from Anatolia
6200 BC   Farming villages established in the west and central Mediterranean
5200 BC   First farmers of central Europe spread northwest as far as the Netherlands
4500 BC   Cattle used as plough animals in lower Danube region
4500 BC   First megalithic tombs built in western Europe
4400 BC   Domestication of horse on Eurasian Steppes
4200 BC   Earliest copper mines in eastern Europe
4200 BC   Agriculture begins south of the Ganges
3800 BC   Ditched enclosures around settlements in western Europe, forming defended villages
3500 BC   New faming practices: animals increasingly used for traction, wool and milk; simple plough (ard) now used in northern and western Europe
3250 BC   Earliest writing from western Mesopotamia: pictographic clay used for commercial accounts
3200 BC   First wheeled vehicles in Europe (found in Hungary)
3100 BC   Cuneiform script developed in Mesopotamia
3000 BC   Construction of walled citadels in Mediterranean Europe and development of successful metal industry
2900 BC   Appearance of Corded Ware pottery in northern Europe
2500 BC   Bell beakers found in western Europe, often associated with individual burials
2500 BC   Development of urban civilization in the Indian Plain
2500 BC   Earliest syllabic script used in Sumerian literature
2300 BC   Beginning of full European Bronze Age
2000 BC   Fortified settlements in east and central Europe point to increasing social and economic pressures
1900 BC   Cretan hieroglyphic writing
1850 BC   Horses used for the first time to pull light carts in the western Steppes
1650 BC   Linear A script (Crete and the Cyclades)
1650 BC   City-states of central Anatolia unified to form the Hittite kingdom with a strongly fortified capital at Boğazköy
1400 BC   Linear B script (mainland and islands of Greece)
1400 BC   Development of pastoral nomadism on the Steppes: cattle herded from horseback
1300 BC   Westward spread of urnfield cemeteries
1200 BC   Collapse of Hittite empire
1000 BC   Hillforts in Western Europe
1000 BC   Full nomadic economy on the Steppes based on rearing horses, cattle and sheep
850 BC   First settlement at Rome; cluster of huts on Palatine Hill
800 BC   Establishment of culture north and east of Alps --- first stage of Celtic Iron Age (Hallstatt)
800 BC   Rise of Etruscan city-states in central Italy
800 BC   Rise of cities and states in Ganges Valley supported by rice farming
750 BC   First Greek alphabetic inscription
750 BC   Ironworking spreads to Britain
750 BC   Earliest Greek colonies set up from western Mediterranean to the eastern shores of the Black Sea
690 BC   Etruscan script developed from Greek
600 BC   Trade between Celts north west of Alps and Greek colonies of the west Mediterranean; rich wagon burials attest to wealth and power of Celtic elite
600 BC   Latin script
600 BC   Central lowlands of northern Europe first settled
600 BC   First Greek coins
480 BC   2nd stage of European Bronze Age (La Tène)
480 BC   Emergence of classical period of Greek arts and architecture
480 BC   City-states reach height of importance
460 BC   Parchment replaces clay tablets for Aramaic administrative documents
450 BC   Athens, the greatest Greek city-state, reaches the peak of its power
400 BC   Carthage dominates the west Mediterranean
390 BC   Celts sack Rome
334 BC--329 BC   Alexander the Great invades Asia Minor, conquers Egypt and Persia and reaches India; Hellenism established in Asia
331 BC   Alexandria founded
250 BC   Brahmin alphabetic script in India
250 BC   All of peninsular Italy controlled by Rome
206 BC   Rome gains control of Spain
146 BC   Romans destroy the Greek states but Greek culture still important and Greek artists brought to Rome
146 BC   Roman destruction of Carthage
55 BC   Julius Caesar attempts to invade Britain
27 BC   Augustus sole ruler of Roman empire
43--50   Emperor Claudius invades Britain
50   Rome largest city in the world --- population 1 million
117   Roman empire reaches its greatest extent
125   Hadrian's Wall built
285   Administrative separation of eastern and western halves of Roman empire
313   Edict of Milan: toleration of Christianity in Roman empire
330   Constantine founds Constantinople as new eastern capital of the Roman empire
410   Sack of Rome by Visigoths leading to collapse of western Roman empire
410   Romans withdraw from Britain
429   German (Vandal) kingdom in north Africa
449   Angles, Saxons and Jutes invade Britain
597   St Augustine introduces Christianity to the English
787   Scandinavian invasions begin
793   Sacking of Lindisfarne
878   King Alfred defeats the Danes at Eddington
878   Treaty of Wedmore
899   King Alfred dies
1016   Danish King Cnut rules England
1042   Accession of Edward the Confessor to the English throne
1066   Battle of Hastings; Norman Conquest
1095   First Crusade
1170   Assassination of Thomas à Becket
1204   King John loses lands in Normandy
1259--1265   The Barons' War
1337--1453   The Hundred Years War
1340--1400   Geoffrey Chaucer
1346   Battle of Crecy
1346   Battle of Poitiers
1348--1351   The Black Death
1362   Parliament opened in English
1362   The Statute of Pleading (English becomes the official language of legal proceedings)
1381   The Peasants' Revolt
1415   Battle of Agincourt
1476   Caxton introduces the printing press
1489   French no longer used as the language of Parliament
1509   Henry VIII ascends the throne
1534   Act of Supremacy
1536   Small monasteries dissolved
1536   Statute incorporates all of Wales with England
1539   English translation of Bible in every church
1547   Edward VI
1553   Mary Tudor
1554   Mary marries Philip of Spain
1558   Elizabeth I
1559   Act of Supremacy restores laws of Henry VIII
1574   First company of actors; theatre building begins
1577   Sir Francis Drake plunders west coast of South America
1584   Colonists at Roanoke
1600   British East India Company founded
1600   Population of England c.2.5 million
1603   James I
1605   Barbados, West Indies, claimed as English colony
1606   Virginia Company of London sends 120 colonists to Virginia
1607   Jamestown, Virginia, is established by London Co. as the first permanent English settlement in America
1611   King James Bible
1616   Death of Shakespeare
1620   The Pilgrims arrive at Plymouth Rock on the Mayflower
1621   English attempt to colonize Newfoundland and Nova Scotia
1625   Charles I
1627   Charles I grants charter to the Guiana Company
1633   English trading post established in Bengal
1637   English traders established in Canton
1639   English established at Madras
1642--1646   Civil War
1646   English occupy the Bahamas
1648   Second Civil War
1649   Cromwell invades Ireland
1649   Charles I beheaded
1649   Charles II
1649   Commonwealth established
1653   Cromwell becomes Lord Protector
1655   English capture Jamaica
1660   Charles II restored to throne
1663   Charles II grants charter to Royal African Company
1668   British East India Company gains control of Bombay
1670   English settlement in Charles Town, later Charleston, South Carolina
1680--1689   Welsh Quakers settle in large numbers in Pennsylvania
1680--1689   First German immigrants in America
1684   Bermudas become Crown Colony
1689   William and Mary proclaimed king and queen in England and Ireland
1690   Calcutta founded
1690   Population of England c.5 million
1700   Population of England and Scotland 7.5 million
1707   Union of England and Scotland as Great Britain
1707   British land in Acadia, Canada
1710   English South Sea Company founded
1727   George II
1729   North and South Carolina become Crown Colonies
1729   Benjamin and James Franklin publish 'The Pennsylvania Gazette'
1744   Robert Clive arrives at Madras
1756--1763   The French and Indian War in North America
1759   British take Quebec from the French
1760   George III
1762   British capture Martinique, Grenada, Havana and Manila
1765--1947   British Raj in India
1770   James Cook discovers Botany Bay, Australia
1774   Parliament passes the Stamp Act, unifying the colonies against the British
1775   The East India, or Tea, Act prompts the Boston Teat Party
1775--1783   American War of Independence
1776   American Declaration of Independence
1776   The Revolutionary War begins
1778   Cook discovers Hawaii
1783   The Treaty of Paris successfully ends the Revolution
1783   British recognize US independence
1784   Pitt's India Act: East India Company under government control
1786   Penang ceded to Great Britain
1789   George Washington inaugurated as first US President
1790   The first penal colony established in Sydney, Australia
1795, 1806   British forces occupy Cape of Good Hope
1800   British capture Malta
1803   The Louisiana Purchase doubles the size of US territory
1810   British seize Guadeloupe
1811   British occupy Java
1812--1814   War of 1812 between the USA and Britain
1819   Florida purchased by the USA from Spain
1819   British settlement established in Singapore by East India Company
1822   English becomes the official language of the Eastern Cape of South Africa
1822   Liberia founded --- Africa's oldest republic
1824   Erie Canal opens, strengthening east-west trade, but increasing the isolation of the south
1824   British take Rangoon, Burma
1828   The Baltimore and Ohio Railway opens
1832   Britain occupies the Falkland Islands
1837   Queen Victoria
1837   The electric telegraph demonstrated by Samuel Morse
1840   New Zealand becomes an official colony
1840   Penny post introduced in Britain
1842   Hong Kong ceded to Great Britain
1848   Gold discovered in California
1849   Gold Rush
1851   Victoria, Australia, proclaimed separate colony
1852   New constitution for New Zealand
1858   Powers of East India Company transferred to British Crown
1860   Kowloon added to British territories in South-East Asia
1861   Civil War begins with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter
1861   British Colony founded in Lagos, Nigeria
1863   Emancipation of the slaves is proclaimed, as of 1 January
1865   General Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox
1865   President Lincoln is assassinated, five days later
1867   Alaska is purchased from Russia, becoming the 49th state in 1959
1867   Federal Malay States become a Crown Colony
1869   The first transcontinental railroad is completed
1876   Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone
1877   Edison invents the phonograph
1878   David Hughes invents the microphone
1879   London opens its first telephone exchange
1884   Papua New Guinea becomes British protectorate
1885   Britain established protectorate over Northern Bechuanaland, Niger River Region and southern New Guinea, and occupies Port Hamilton, Korea
1886   First Indian National Congress meets
1887   First Colonial Conference opens in London
1888   Cecil Rhodes granted mining rights by King of Matabele
1890   Rhodes becomes Premier of Cape Colony
1893   Uganda united as British protectorate
1893   USA annexes Hawaii
1895   Marconi invents radiotelegraphy
1895   Auguste and Louis Lumière invent the motion-picture camera
1895   British South Africa Company territory south of the Zambezi River becomes Rhodesia
1898   America receives Guam and sovereignty over the Philippines
1898   New Territories leased by Britain from China for 99 years
1899   First magnetic sound recordings
1899--1902   Boer War
1900   R. A. Fessenden transmits the human voice via radio waves
1900   British capture Bloemfontein, relieve Mafeking, annex Orange Free State and Transvaal and take Pretoria and Johannesburg Commonwealth of Australia created
1901   Marconi transmits radiotelegraph messages from Cornwall to New Zealand
1901   End of Queen Victoria's reign
1903   Ford Motor Company founded
1903   Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first successful manned flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
1903   British conquer northern Nigeria
1907   New Zealand becomes a dominion within the British Empire
1908   Union of South Africa established
1908   Henry Ford introduces the mass-produced Model T
1914   Panama Canal opened
1914--1918   World War I
1916   USA purchases Danish West Indies (Virgin Islands)
1917   USA purchases Dutch West Indies
1919   League of Nations founded
1920   Gandhi emerges as leader of India
1920   Kenya becomes British colony
1921   British Broadcasting Corporation founded
1921   First Indian Parliament meets
1924   The National Origins Act marks the official end of large-scale immigration to America; from this point on numbers are restricted and quotas are introduced
1924   British Imperial Airways founded
1925   John Logie Baird transmits a picture of a human face via television
1928   John Logie Baird demonstrates first colour television
1929   Teleprinters and teletypewriters first used
1929   First scheduled TV broadcasts in Schernectedy, New York
1929   First talking pictures made
1936   BBC London television service begins
1938   Lajos Biró invents the ball-point pen
1939--1945   World War II
1942   First computer developed in the United States
1942   Magnetic recording tape invented
1944   First telegraph line used between Washington and Baltimore
1945   United Nations founded
1946   Chester Carlson invents Xerography
1946   Philippines become independent from the United States
1947   Transistor invented at Bell Laboratories
1947   India proclaimed independent
1948   Peter Goldmark invents the long-playing record
1951   Colour TV introduced into USA (15 million TV sets in USA)
1952   Accession of Queen Elizabeth II
1957   Common Market established by Treaty of Rome
1957   Malaysian independence
1958   First stereophonic recordings
1962--1975   Uganda, Kenya, Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), Malawi, Malta, Gambia, Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), Guyana, Mauritius, Nigeria, Bahamas, Papua New Guinea all become independent of Great Britain
1965   Atlantic cable completed
1968   Intelsar communication satellite launched
1989   South Africa desegregated
1997   Hong Kong rule returns to China


Crystal, David. The English Language. 2nd ed. London: Penguin, 2002.
Fennell, Barbara A. A History of English: A Sociolinguistic Approach. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2012-12-20 Thu

#1333. ѸǼư֤ưѤ줿ֻ [preposition][passive][timeline]

Ѹư򼨤ΤѤ줿ֻˤϡby, from, mid, of, with ä٤ƤƱ褦٤ѤƤ櫓ǤϤʤˤ꤬줿
űѸǤϡȤ from ޤФ of ưɽ魯ΤѤƤΤ from 14ޤǻѤ줿ѤƤäof ϸűѸν꤫Ѹˤĥ1600ǯդޤǤϺǤ⹭Ѥ줿˸ѸϢʤ by ߤƤߤȡư򼨤ˡϡűѸǤ⤽餷㤬äȻŦƤϤ뤬Ϥäꤷʤʲ Mustanoja 3ܤΰѤ򻲾ȡˡư by Ѹڤ褦ˤʤΤ14꤫Ǥꡤ15--16ˤƳ礷of ȸ¤٤ۤɤˤʤ롥ΤۤưֻȤƤϤۤΩʤ13ʸڤ with Ѹǻ mid ⤢롥
줾줬Ѥˤʤäƻ٤ʤɤξܺ٤̤Ĵ绨Ĥ˻¤٤ƤߤȼΤ褦ˤʤ

       1000      1100      1200      1300      1400      1500      1600      1700
from :************************************** - - -
of   :*************************************************************** - - -
bi   : - - -                                    *******************************
with :                        - - *** - -
mid  :                   - - *** - -

Mustanoja ꡤֻδϢ뵭ҲսѤƤ

From its function to indicate a person as a source of an action, first as a giver or sender, from develops into a preposition of agency in OE. In this function it occurs down to the 14th century: --- he wæs gehalgod to biscop fram þone ærcebiscop Willelm of Cantwarabyri (OE Chron. an. 1129); --- I . . . am sett king from hym upon Sion (Wyclif Ps. ii 6; am maad of hym a kyng, Purvey). (385--86)


To express agency of is used less frequently than from in OE, but it begins to gain ground towards the end of this period and becomes the most popular preposition expressing agency in connection with a passive verb down to c 1600. It is possible that this use of of has been promoted by the influence of OF de. Examples: --- ich wolde þet heo weren of alle alse heo beoþ of ou iholden (Ancr. 21); --- is alle biset of helle muchares (Ancr. 67); --- if he wolde be slayn of Symkyn (Ch. CT A Rv. 3959); --- enformed whan the kyng was of that knyght (Ch. CT F Sq. 335). (397)


Wülfing II, p. 338, quotes a doubtful OE instance of be denoting agency with a passive verb, and R. Gottweiss (Anglia XXVIII, 1905, 353--4) calls attention to what he calls 'signs of the use of be with the passive' in Ælfric's homilies. BTS, be 20, quotes an example from the OE Gospel of St Luke (þa þing þe be him wærun gewordene 'quae febant ab eo,' ix 7). Cf. active cases like þat was agan þære bi þan kaisere (Lawman A 27982). Unambiguous ME instances where by indicates the agent of a passive verb occur from the end of the 14th century on (I praye Jhesu shorte hir lyves That wol nat be governed by hir wyves, Ch. CT D WB 1262; --- ne hadde he ben holpen by the steede of brass, Ch. CT F Sq. 666). This use becomes increasingly common in the 15th and 16th centuries. In the Cloud (MSS of the early 15th---early 16th century) of is a little more frequently used to denote agency than by. It may be assumed that the use of by to indicate the agent of a passive expression is promoted by the influence of French par. (374--75)


With begins to occur as a preposition of agency in the 13th century: --- heder was þat mayde brouȝt With marchaundes þat hur had bouȝt (Flor. & Bl. 408); --- he was with þe prestes shrive (Havelok 2489); --- and with twenty knyghtes take, O persone allone, withouten mo (Ch. CT A Kn. 2724). (420)


. . . instrumental mid is occasionally used to express agency in early ME: --- a lefdi was þet was mid hire voan biset at abuten (Ancr. 177). (394)


Mustanoja, T. F. A Middle English Syntax. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 1960.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2012-11-02 Fri

#1285. FLASHDZѸάǯɽ [timeline][history][flash][web_service][world_languages][loan_word][link]

ޥؤȯ롤Ҷ饳ƥĤѰդƤΥΤʤˡTimeline of English Language ʤFLASHƥĤȯƤѸǯɽǡޤƳŪŪǤλѤǰƬ֤ΤäμˤϻȤ뤫⤷ʤΤǾҲ𤷤Ƥ
˴ؤ¾ΥƥĤؤΥ󥯤ϡˤ롥ΤΤʤɤϡ빽⤷

World Language Map
Borrowing Game

ʰǯɽȤȤǤСA brief chronology of English ʤΤ򸫤Ĥܥ֥Ǥϡtimeline 򻲾ȡ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2011-06-13 Mon

#777. Ѹάǯɽ [timeline][history][historiography]

Ѹǯɽϡɤγˤ⵭ܤ뤷饤Ǥ⸫Ĥ㤨ѸǯɽˡűѸˤܥ֥ȤƤǤƤ椳ȹͤƤ롥ȤơCrystal (298--300) άǯɽƸΤǤƤ¾ľܴܤ˱Ѹˤ˴Ϣǯɽ timeline 򻲾ȡ

449   Invasion by Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
450--480   Earliest runic inscriptions in Old English
597   Augustine brings Christianity to Kent
680   Approximate earliest date for the composition of Beowulf
700   Approximate dating of earliest Old English manuscripts
735   Death of the Venerable Bede
787   Viking raids begin
871   Alfred becomes King of Wessex
886   Danelaw boundaries settled
950--1000   Approximate dates of the main Old English poetry collections
1016--1042   Cnut and his sons reign
1066   Norman Conquest
1150--1200   Earliest texts in Middle English
1171   Henry II's invasion of Ireland
1204   France reconquers Normandy
1250--1300   Edward I's campaigns against the Welsh and Scots
1362   English first used at the opening of Parliament
1375--1400   Chaucer's main works written
1384   Wyclif's translation of the Bible
1400--1450   The Great Vowel Shift
1400--1600   Main period of older Scots literature
1476   Introduction of printing
1475--1650   Renaissance loan words into English
1549   Book of Common Prayer written
1560--1620   English plantation settlements in Ireland
1584   Roanoke settlement in America
1590--1616   Shakespeare's main works written
1600   East India Company established trading posts in India
1603   Act of Union of the crowns of England and Scotland
1604   Publication of Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall
1607   First permanent English settlement in America
1609   First English settlement in the Caribbean
1611   Authorized Version of the Bible
1619   Arrival of first African slaves in North America
1620   Arrival of the Pilgrim Fathers in America
1623   First Folio of Shakespeare's plays published
1627   British established in Barbados
1655   British acquire Jamaica from Spain
1707   Union of the Parliaments of England and Scotland
1712   Jonathan Swift's proposal for an English Academy
1713   British control in eastern Canada recognized
1721   Publication of Nathaniel Bailey's Universal Etymological English Dictionary
1755   Publication of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language
1762   Publication of Robert Lowth's Short Introduction to English Grammar
1765--1947   British Raj in India
1776   American independence declared
1780--1800   First wave of emigration to Canada from the USA
1783   Loss of American colonies of Britain
1788   Establishment of first penal colony in Australia
1791   Establishment of Upper and Lower Canada
1794   Publication of Lindley Murray's English Grammar
1800--1910   Main period of European emigration to the USA
1802   Ceylon and Trinidad ceded to Britain
1803   Act of Union between Britain and Ireland
1806   British control established in South Africa
1808   Sierra Leone made colony
1814   Tobago, Mauritius, St Lucia and Malta ceded to Britain
1816   Colony of Bathurst (Gambia) established
1819   British established Singapore
1828   Publication of Noah Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language
1840   Official colony established in New Zealand
1842   Hong Kong ceded to Britain
1861   Lagos (Nigeria) established as colony
1865--1900   Movement of blacks to northern parts of the USA after the American Civil War
1867   Independence of Canada
1874   Gold Coast (Ghana) established as colony
1884--1928   Publication of the Oxford English Dictionary
1888--1894   British protectorates established in Kenya, Zanzibar, Uganda
1901   Independence of Australia
1907   Independence of New Zealand
1910   Union of South Africa established
1919   Tanganyika ceded to Britain
1922   Partition of Northern Ireland and Eire
1922   Establishment of the BBC
1925   Afrikaans given official status in South Africa
1931   British Commonwealth recognized
1947   Independence of India
1948   Independence of Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
1957   Independence of Ghana
1957--63   Independence of Malaysia
1960   Independence of Nigeria
1940--1975   Main period of immigration to Britain from Europe, Caribbean and Asia
1961   Independence of Sierra Leone and Cyprus
1962   Independence of Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda
1963   Independence of Kenya
1964   Independence of Tanzania, Malawi, Malta, Zambia
1965   Independence of The Gambia, Singapore
1966   Independence of Guyana, Botswana, Lesotho, Barbados
1968   Independence of Mauritius, Swaziland, Nauru
1970--1984   Independence of possessions in Caribbean and Pacific
1972   Independence of Bangladesh
1972   First network e-mail sent
1975   Independence of Papua New Guinea
1977   Voyager spacecraft leaves with English message
1984   Independence of Brunei
1986   Independence of Marshall Islands
1988   CD-ROM of the Oxford English Dictionary
1990   Independence of Namibia
1991   Independence of the Federated States of Micronesia
1991   Implementation of the World Wide Web
1994   Independence of Palau
2000   Oxford English Dictionary goes online


Crystal, David. The English Language. 2nd ed. London: Penguin, 2002.
߷ ˧ͺ 顡ԡرѸǯɽ?ѸˡѸػˡʸػˡ̻?١ҡ1993ǯ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2011-05-18 Wed

#751. ϵ46ǯΤߤΤʤǤοȸ [timeline][writing][homo_sapiens][anthropology][origin_of_language][grammatology]

[2009-06-08-1]εָʸˤפǤϡΤߤˤƸˤ򼨤ϡॹѥϼŪˤޤǰФϵΤ46ǯˤȸˤĴľǤȤ館褦ˡ46ǯ1ǯ֤Ȥ˽̤ɽƤߤ
1ä146ǯ롥糢ϲɽˤñ̤ޤǼ600ǯۥ⥵ԥ󥹤20ǯȯ10ǯȤȤ˷׻Ƥ롥ܤɽϤΥڡHTML򻲾ȡ

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01/01ۤϵ夬ޤ
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01/16Ǥ
02/17 -- 03/04ʤФϵƳȯθդӳǤ
03/04ǸŤ̿
05/30????????????????????????????????????????
06/24 -- 07/09δ֤Τɤǡ絬Ϥɹϻ
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09/27¿˦ʪȯŸ
09/27 -- 10/29ǥ˥ĶΦλ
10/30 -- 11/13δ֤Τɤǡ絬Ϥɹϻ
11/14ǥʪо
11/19̵ĤưʪμबȯŪ
11/25 -- 11/27ʪξΦ
11/30о
12/11ڥ
12/15 -- 12/26ε˱
12/26򰡵
12/31 12:34:26
12/31 23:37:08ۥ⥵ԥ󥹤
12/31 23:48:34ȯ
12/31 23:58:03饹ɲ
12/31 23:59:18ĸλ
12/31 23:59:22ʸε
12/31 23:59:23ץʸε
12/31 23:59:25᥽ݥߥʸε
12/31 23:59:36ҥåʸε
12/31 23:59:42ޥʸڥ륷ʸε
12/31 23:59:44奤ʸε
12/31 23:59:48Ѹε
12/31 23:59:56ѸλϤޤ


оϡ糢1148ʬ34áѸ줬ʽФ򼨤Ѹ볫ǯۤ4ΤȤǤ롥ѸˤѸ̤ȤäƤ⡤ϵˤǤϤäΤȤʤΤʤȼ´
شۤο޴աϵ٤ǡϵΤߤդ꤫ (8--9) įƤơ˸ˤ줿ɤʤ뤫ȵˤǯɽäƤߤˤʤΤ̤Ȥƹͤ붵ŪǯɽȤʤä

ݻ ¾ʴƽˡϵ١شۤο޴ NEO 10شۡ2007ǯ

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2009-09-05 Sat

#131. Ѹ [me][history][reestablishment_of_english][timeline][monarch]

Υޥͤ ( Norman Conquest ) ʹߡѸȾϡ󥰥ɤϥե󥹸λۤ˶Ƥ̱θǤѸϤϲäƤ13դ꤫˱ѸबϤޤ롥ե󥹸ۤλߤ줿¿ΰ仺򤹤٤ƤҤä֤ˤϡʻ֤ȥͥ륮ɬפä㤨СˡŪʸαѸ̳18ˤʤäƤ褦䤯ܹԤ줿Ѹϡ¤ĹƻΤä櫓Ǥ롥
ʲǯɽϡѸ˴Ϣ˹ʤäƤޤȤ᤿ǯɽǤ롥

1066ǯΥޥͤ
12--13ѸʸغʤʤɤϤ Layamon's Brut, The Owl and the Nightingale, Ancrene Wisse, etc.
1258ǯSimon de Monfort ȿܵؤؤΥե󥹿ͤѤФ빳ġѸβ⶯׵ᤵ롥η̡Henry III ۹פƥ졤ե󥹸ǤʤѸǤФȤȤʤä
1272ǯEdward I 󥰥ɲȤƽƱѸѤ
1337ǯEdward IIIե󥹤β̷Ѿĥɴǯ褬Ϥޤ ? 1453ǯ
1348--50ǯǽΥڥȤήԡ 1361--62, 1369, 1375ǯˤήԡ¤ˤĤƤ[2009-08-24-1]򻲾ȡ
1350ǯHigden's Polychronicon ǡή²λˤȤäƤ⤹Ǥ˱Ѹ줬ȤʤäƤȤ
1356ǯȽεϿѸˤʤ
1362ǯIJγ񤬱Ѹ
1363ǯˡǤλѸ줬ѸȤʤ (Ͽϥƥ)
1380ǯɥΥɤϿ˱ѸȤϤ
1381ǯPeasants' Revolt
1384ǯɥΥƥѸ۹Ф
1399ǯѸȤǽβ Henry IV ¨
1414ǯHenry V 󥰥ɲȤƽƱѸǼ񤯡ǤѸλѤ夵
1422ǯɥξ¤ȼԤ³ƥ줫Ѹˤ
1453ǯɴǯν
1488ǯѸ줬ˡŪʸν񤭸դȤǧ
1539ǯGreat Bible ˤƸǧݼŪʽǤѸλѤǧ褦ˤʤ
1628ǯѸǽ񤫤줿ǽˡŵԻ
1731ǯˡŪʸ񤬱ѸǤʤФʤʤʤ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2009-06-08 Mon

#41. ʸˤ [timeline][writing][homo_sapiens][anthropology][origin_of_language][grammatology]

ɴǯ˵ڤֿˤǤϡȯϤʤǶΤȤǤ뤷ʸȯϤ˺ǶǤ롥
50ǯ Homo erectus Homo sapiens ʬ줿Ƭη顤ϸäʤä褦10ǯ顤Ƭηβ桹ΤΤƤ褦ǡ餯ȯ⤳Τ餤ȹͤ롥ʸȯϡ߳ǧƤǤŤΤǡ褦䤯5500ǯۤɤ̤뤯餤Ǥ롥
嵭οˤδ顤äʸǯƤߤ褦

ȯ5,000,000?
Homo erectus ȯ2,000,000
Homo sapiens ȯ500,000
ȯ100,000
ʸε5,500
ץʸε5,300
᥽ݥߥʸε5,100
ε3,500
ҥåʸε3,500
ޥʸε2,500
ڥ륷ʸε2,500
奤ʸε2,250


ʲαߥդϡHomo sapiens 50ǯˤʸˤĹγ򼨤ΤǤ롥ʸˤϲȤ

Timeline of Human Language and Writing

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2009-05-16 Sat

#18. Ѹˤ򥪥饤dzؽǤ륵 [link][timeline][hel_education]

ϤäȤȤξҲBBC Ages of English Timeline ϡFLASH ˤͷӴФDZѸˤؤ٤롥

Referrer (Inside): [2016-10-19-1] [2013-02-03-1]

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