hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     ڡ 1 2 / page 2 (2)

pos - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2023-03-07 Tue

#5062. ֻŪ [preposition][terminology][youtube][pos]

˸줿 YouTube ְʼδѸظإͥκǿ#107. ѸֻϤʤʤ¿ΤǤѸˤֻ줬194⤢ΤǤűѸǤ30ۤɤǤѸˤ˲ꡤֻ줬ޤƤޤäΤǤ礦12ʬۤɤưǤɤİ



ưȴϢơʲδϢ hellog heldio ⤴Ȥ

hellog #30. űѸֻȳʡ ([2009-05-28-1])
hellog #947. Ѹֻ ([2011-11-30-1])
hellog #1201. Ѹ줫ѸˤƤֻȯ ([2012-08-10-1])
hellog #4190. ǤޤֻϾʤʤ ([2020-10-16-1])

heldio #133. ֻʤ̸ֻ¸ߡ
heldio #260. Ѹˤֻ̤ϤɤɤƤ
heldio #343. ֻȤϲʤʤˤΡ
heldio #374. ƥ줫Ѥ줿ֻ per, plus, via

⤽ֻ (preposition) ȤϲʤΤǤ礦ѸֻŪ Huddleston and Pullum (598) Ѥޤ礦

The general definition of a preposition in traditional grammar is that it is a word that governs, and normally precedes, a noun or pronoun and which expresses the latter's relation to another word. 'Govern' here indicates that the preposition determines the case of the noun or pronoun (in some languages, certain prepositions govern an accusative, others a dative, and so on). In English, those pronouns that have different (non-genitive) case forms almost invariably appear in the accusative after prepositions, so the issue of case government is of less importance, and many definitions omit it.


Ū⹭ֻȤ館Ω⤢ꡤֻȤϲȤ䤤ϻפΤۤưפǤϤޤ194ढȤϤޤǾʸǤϤޤʤʤοʻǤ

Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey K. Pullum, eds. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: CUP, 2002.

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2022-12-17 Sat

#4982. ̾̾ϰۤʤʻ줫ݤ [pos][noun][pronoun][category][sobokunagimon][prototype]

̾ (noun) ̾ (pronoun) 2ĤΰۤʤʻȤߤʤ٤뤤ϸԤԤΰȤȤ館٤ʻʬϤʤʤ̩ˤϤʤΤǤꡤˤäƤϤפȤˤʤ뤳Ȥ¿򺣤ΤĤȤϡץȥ (prototype) ȤƥեªƤΤ褤Ȥ¿ʤäƤΤ⤷ʤǽŪˤϥĤʤȵȻפΤʹ֤Ǥꡤäʥơޤ
Aarts ξرĤεޤȤƤΤǰѤ롥

Ρ̾̾ϰۤʤ륫ƥ꡼Ȥߤʤ٤Ǥ (Aarts, p. 25)

Pronouns show nominative and accusative case distinctions (she/her, we/us, etc.); common nouns do not.
Pronouns show person and gender distinctions; common nouns do not.
Pronouns do not have regular inflectional plurals in Standard English.
Pronouns are more constrained than common nouns in taking dependents.
Noun phrases with common or proper nouns as head can have independent reference, i.e. they can uniquely pick out an individual or entity in the discourse context, whereas the reference of pronouns must be established contextually.


Ρ̾̾ƱΥƥ꡼Ȥߤʤ٤Ǥ (Aarts, p. 26)

Although common nouns indeed do not have nominative and accusative case inflections they do have genitive inflections, as in the doctor's garden, the mayor's expenses, etc., so having case inflections is not a property that is exclusive to pronouns.
Indisputably, only pronouns show person and arguably also gender distinctions, but this is not a sufficient reason to assign them to a different word class. After all, among the verbs in English we distinguish between transitive and intransitive verbs, but we would not want to establish two distinct word classes of 'transitive verbs' and 'intransitive verbs'. Instead, it would make more sense to have two subcategories of one and the same word class. If we follow this reasoning we would say that pronouns form a subcategory of nouns that show person and gender distinctions.
It's not entirely true that pronouns do not have regular inflectional plurals in Standard English, because the pronoun one can be pluralized, as in Which ones did you buy? Another consideration here is that there are regional varieties of English that pluralize pronouns (for example, Tyneside English has youse as the plural of you, which is used to address more than one person . . . . And we also have I vs. we, mine vs. ours, etc.
Pronouns do seem to be more constrained in taking dependents. We cannot say e.g. *The she left early or *Crazy they/them jumped off the wall. However, dependents are not excluded altogether. We can say, for example, I'm not the me that I used to be. or Stupid me; I forgot to take a coat. As for PP dependents: some pronouns can be followed by prepositional phrases in the same way as nouns can. Compare: The shop on the corner and one of the students.
Although it's true that noun phrases headed by common or proper nouns can have independent reference, while pronouns cannot, this is a semantic difference between nouns and pronouns, not a grammatical one.


ƤФ塤ơϰۤʤ륫ƥ꡼ɡ뤤Ʊ쥫ƥ꡼ɤΤǤ礦

Aarts, Bas. "Syntactic Argumentation." Chapter 2 of The Oxford Handbook of English Grammar. Ed. Bas Aarts, Jill Bowie and Gergana Popova. Oxford: OUP, 2020. 21--39.

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2022-10-17 Mon

#4921. Murray αʸˡ9ʻ [pos][lowth][prescriptive_grammar][history_of_linguistics][category]

ε#4919. Lowth αʸˡ9ʻ ([2022-10-15-1]) ơ Lindley Murray (1745--1826) ʻˤĤơMurray ȤС#2592. Lindley Murray, English Grammar ([2016-06-01-1]) Ǥ夲̤ꡤLowth ʤɤߤˤĤġ18ϱʸˡֱʸˡפǤ롥
1795ǯ English Grammar, adapted to the different classes of learners; With an Appendix, containing Rules and Observations for Promoting Perspicuity in Speaking and Writing ǤȯŪʿ͵ؤꡤ夲1850ǯޤǤ150ʾϿȤƣ (42) ˤȡEnglish Grammar ϡܺǽܳŪʱʸˡפȤʤľˤرʸաʤ֤󤫤ߡˡ (1840--41) ܤȤʤä
Murray αʸˡ Lowth ʤɤѤ9ʻܤȤʤäƤ롥ƣ (45) ʬ򼨤

(1) (Article): Definite/Indefinite
(2) ̾ (Substantive or Noun): Common/Proper
(Number): Singular/Plural
(Case): Nominative/Possessive/Objective
(Gender): Masculine/Feminine/Neuter
(3) ƻ (Adjective)
(Comparison): Positive/Comparative/Superlative
(4) ̾ (Pronoun): Personal1/Relative2/Adjective3
1 ; (Person): First/Second/Third
2 Interrogative ϡRelative pronoun ΰ
3 Adjective: Possessive/Distributive/Demonstrative/Indefinite
(5) ư (Verb): Active (Transitive)/Passive/Neuter (Intransitive)
ˡ (Mood or Mode):
Indicative/Imperative/Potential/Subjunctive/Infinitive
(Tense):
Present/Past (Imperfect)/PerfectʸߴλΤȡ/PluperfectʲλΤȡ/First futureñ̤Τȡ/Second future̤贰λΤȡ
ʬ (Participle)ư (Auxiliary or helping Verbs)
ǽư֡ư (Active voice/Passive voice)
§Ե§ǡư (Regular/Irregular/Defective)
(6) (Adverb):
Number/Order/Place/Time/Quantity/Manner or quality/Doubt/Affirmation/Negation/Interrogation/Comparison
(7) ֻ (Preposition)
(8) ³ (Conjunction): Copulative/Disjunctive
(9) (interjection)


Ʊ9ʻǤ Lowth ζʬȤδ֤˼㴳κۤ롥㤨̾γʤΥƥ꡼ˤĤơMurray Lowth Nominative/Possessive ˲ä Objective ޤƤ롥ޤʬˤĤ Lowth ˡΥƥ꡼˴ޤƤ뤬Murray ư1ȤߤƤ롥
ΤȤ Murray 9ʻϡŪʱʸˡѤˤޤŤƤȤȤǤ

ƣ 졡ܤΡֱʸˡפǤޤǡ١ҡ2022ǯ

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2022-10-15 Sat

#4919. Lowth αʸˡ9ʻ [pos][lowth][prescriptive_grammar][history_of_linguistics][category]

Ǥ̾18εʸˡ Robert Lowth (1710--87) Ȥ A Short Introduction to English Grammar (1762) ˤĤơhellog Ǥϡ#2583. Robert Lowth, Short Introduction to English Grammar ([2016-05-23-1]) lowth γƵǼ夲Ƥε#4918. William Bullokar 8ʻ ([2022-10-14-1]) ơLowth ʻǧƤLowth 9ʻǤƤ롥ʲƣ (26--27) ꡥ

(1) (Article): Definite/Indefinite
(2) ̾ (Substantive, or Noun): Common/Proper
(Number): Singular/Plural
(Case): Nominative/Possessive
(Gender): Masculine/Feminine/Neuter
(3) ̾ (Pronoun):
Personal/Relative/Interrogative/Definitive/Distributive/Reciprocal
; (Person): First/Second/Third
(4) ƻ (Adjective), (5) (Adverb)
(Comparison): Positive/Comparative/Superlative
(6) ư (Verb): Active (Transitive)/Passive/Neuter (Intransitive)
ˡ (Mode): Indicative/Imperative/Subjunctive/Infinitive/Participle
(Tense):
Present/Past/Future
Present Imperfect/Present Perfect/Past Imperfect
Past Perfect/Future Imperfect/Future Perfect
'Imperfect' ϡΡֿʹԷפ
ư (Auxiliary)§Ե§ư (Regular/Irregular)
ǡư (Defective)
(7) ֻ (Preposition)
(8) ³ (Conjunction): Copulative/Disjunctive
(9) (interjection)


Bullokar 8ʻ٤ Lowth 9ʻˤĤܤ٤ϡ (Article) äƤ뤳ȡ̾줫ƻ줬ʬ̤褦ˤʤäƤ뤳ȡʬ줬ư۲1ʬȤƳʲƤ뤳ȤǤ롥ƣ (27) Ҥ٤Ƥ̤ΤȤƸСΤˤȤʤ߿ǰ¿ΩƤ뤳Ȥ¤Ǥꡤ줳16³Ժΰãäפ򤹤뤳ȤǤ롥

ƣ 졡ܤΡֱʸˡפǤޤǡ١ҡ2022ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-10-17-1]

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2022-10-14 Fri

#4918. William Bullokar 8ʻ [history_of_linguistics][latin][emode][bullokar][pos][greek][latin]

#2579. ǽαʸˡ William Bullokar, Pamphlet for Grammar (1586) ([2016-05-19-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡBullokar (c. 1530--1609) ˤ Pamphlet for Grammar (1586) ȤҤѸ˾αʸˡȤƤ롥 Bullokar ʻʬƤߤ
ޤʻʬˤĤΩǧƤŤ쥯ɥꥢ Dionysius Thrax (c. BC170--BC90) ꥷ8ʻǧ᤿ΤȯǤ롥Υޡ̾졦ƻˡ졼ޡưˡȥʬˡȥʴˡȡ˥ߥ̾ˡץƥֻˡԥ졼ޡˡǥ⥹³ˤǤʺƣp. 11ˡ
ѤΤʱƶϤؤƥʸˡ路 Donatus (c. 300--399) Ǥ롥ƥˤϴʤΤǼ졤줬ä줿̤ȤƿȤƤ8ʻˤȤɤޤäƤ롥̾ (nomen)̾ (pronomen)ư (verbum) (adverbium)ʬ (participium)³ (coniunctio)ֻ (praepositio) (interiectio) Ǥ롥 Priscianus (fl. 500) ⤳˽äʺƣpp. 14--15ˡ
ϲä16Υ󥰥ɡDonatus αƶΤȡ1509ǯ˽Ǥ줿 William Lily Υƥʸˡα Short Introduction of Grammar (1548) ӤƤ˰͵򤷤ƽ񤫤줿Τ Bullokar αʸˡ Pamphlet for Grammar (1586) äΡ
ƥʸˡѤǡBullokar ϱѸˤ8ʻǧ᤿̾졤̾졤ư졤졤ʬ졤³졤ֻ졤Ǥ롥Bullokar (115 (22)) θʸˤȼΤ褦ˤBullokar ͭΥڥ󥰤ˤաˡ

Spech may be diuyded intoo on of thæȝ eiht parts: too wit, Nown, Pronoun, Verb (declyned). Participle, Aduerb, Coniunction, Preposition, Interiection, (vn-declyned).


Ĥޤꡤ8ʻ Thrax Donatus Lily Bullokar ȥ졼ʤ顤1700ǯˤ錄ݻƤΤǤ롥ơBullokar θʸˡǤ8ʻ줬ѤƤȤˤʤ롥ޤȷ³Ϥ

ƣ 졡ܤΡֱʸˡפǤޤǡ١ҡ2022ǯ
Bullokar, William . Bref Grammar and Pamphlet for Grammar. William Bullokar: Book at large, Bref Grammar and Pamphlet for Grammar. P. Gr.: Grammatica Anglicana. Edmund Coote: The English Schoole-maisterٱѸʸݹ亮꡼1Ʋ1971ǯpp. 107--64.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-10-15-1]

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2022-07-26 Tue

#4838. worth ηƻŪħ [adjective][preposition][pos][prototype][complementation][syntax]

ε#4837. worth, (un)like, due, near ֻݤƻ ([2022-07-25-1]) ˰³worth ʻʬˤĤơHuddleston and Pullum (607) ˤȡޤ worth 㳰ŪʷƻǤȤεҤ롥

As an adjective, . . . worth is highly exceptional. Most importantly for present purposes, it licenses an NP complement, as in The paintings are [worth thousands of dollars]. In this respect, it is like a preposition, but overall the case for analysing it as an adjective is strong.


ǤϡHuddleston and Pullum ϲä worth ƻŪȷŤƤΤޤǽŪȤ2ŦƤ롥1ĤϡŵŪʷƻ餷 become ˤʤȤȡ⤦1Ĥϡʬ칽ʸŪˡ˽ҸȤƵǽǤȤȤǤ롥줾ʲ2ĤʸˤäƼ롤ֻǤϤʤȤȤ

What might have been a $200 first edition suddenly became [worth perhaps 10 times that amount].
[Worth over a million dollars,] the jewels were kept under surveillance by a veritable army of security guards.


ѲӽȤߤȡworth Ϸƻ餷ʤIt was more worth the effort than I'd expected it to be. Τ褦ӵʸϲǽǤϤ뤬worth 켫Τΰ̣ˤĤӤƤΤɤˤĤƤϵ롥ƱͤˡIt was very much worth the effort. Τ褦 worth ĴƤ뤫Τ褦ʸϤ뤬ζĴ worth ٤ĴƤΤ롥
⤦1ġ̯ŪʬϤ롥worth ֻǤдط̾ź뤳ȤǤ뤬ƻǤ񤷤ͽۤ롥ơͽۤäƤΤ

This was far less than the amount [which she thought the land was now worth].
*This was far less than the amount [worth which she thought the land was now].


嵭ƤŪɾʤСworth ŵŪʷƻȤϤֻŪħĤΤΡǤɤ餫ȤзƻȤȤˤʤꤽʪޤäǤ뤳ȤϾΤĤġ

Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey K. Pullum, eds. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: CUP, 2002.

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2022-07-25 Mon

#4837. worth, (un)like, due, near ֻݤƻ [adjective][preposition][pos][prototype][complementation][syntax]

khelfʷѸ˥եǡworth Ϸƻ줫ֻ줫Ȥ꤬줿ŪˤϸűѸηƻ졦̾ w(e)orþ ̤뤳ȤʬäƤ뤬Ѹ worth 򶦻ŪʬϤʤСɤʬϤǽǤ롥
ޤֲͤפȤΤʸŪʰֲ̣͡פΰ̣б̾⤢뤳Ȥ顤ƻȤߤΤȤո롥˸§ȤŪˤ׵ֻ᤹Τ褦ʿ񤤤򼨤ȤΤºݤˡĤα¼򻲾ȤȡƻȼäƤΤ⤢СֻȤΤ⤢롥
̤˱ѸؤǤϡΤ褦ƤΤ prototype Υץ롥ŵŪʷƻ졤ŵŪֻ˴ѻŪħ򤢤餫ꥹȥåפƤθ졤ξǤ worth ˤĤơɤʻħ¿ͭ뤫ˤäơƻŪǤȤֻŪǤȤäȽǤ򤯤ΤǤ롥
ʬϼΤʤʤ⤷Τ̤ worth 򡤸׵᤹Ȥ㳰Ūħġְۼʡ׷ƻȤߤƤHuddleston and Pullum (546--47) ˤС褦ʰۼʷƻ֤Ȥ (un)like due 롥ʲʸǡѳ̤˳äʬ줾ȼäƻȤʬϤ롥

The book turned out to be [worth seventy dollars].
Jill is [very like her brother].
You are now [due $750]. / $750 is now [due you].

ˤΥꥹȤ near ä뤳ȤǤ
Ϣơ#947. Ѹֻ ([2011-11-30-1])#4436. ƻΥץȥס ([2021-06-19-1])#209. near Ρ ([2009-11-22-1]) 򻲾ȡ
ʻʬѸȤƤϡƻζʬͭ̾ˤĤƤϡ#981. ȷƻζ ([2012-01-03-1])#995. The rose smells sweet. The rose smells sweetly. ([2012-01-17-1])#1354. ƻܿ ([2013-01-10-1])#2441. ȷƻζ (2) --- ѸǤ⺤ ([2016-01-02-1]) ʤɤ򻲾ȡ

Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey K. Pullum, eds. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: CUP, 2002.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-07-26-1]

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2021-06-19 Sat

#4436. ƻΥץȥ [comparison][adjective][adverb][category][prototype][pos][comparison]

ʻ (part of speech = pos) ȤΤϡǤ褯ΤƤʸˡ (category) 1ĤǤ롥ƤθѸʤʸˡѸʤϡʸˡƤˤĤ줿٥Ǥ롥졤ʡӡԡ˲ĻʤɤѸ줬ФƤ顤ʸˡƤˤĤƸäƤΤȹͤƤ褤
ѸηƻʤˤȤʻˤĤƹͤ硤 (comparison) ȤʸˡƤ1ĤȤʤ롥ܸʤɤǤϡӡפʸˡƤȤ̰봷Ϥʤʽ֤פˡ1ĤȤ٤²ˤƤϸηϤ˿ޤ줿ʸˡƤȤơ̻뤵뤳ȤˤʤäƤ롥ϤޤˤδФĤƤʤΤѸؤˤȤʸˡƤ̻ŪˤⶦŪˤ׻뤵ƤȤϳΤǤ롥
ϤޤäƷƻʤˤʸˡƤȤȤ줬ƻǤ뤫Ȥäơɬ⤳ƤͿ櫓ǤϤʤ˷ƻ餷ƻӤƤŬ礹뤬ۤɷƻ餷ʤƻӤȤƤʤդ˸Сƻ夲ȤӤƤŬ礹뤫ɤǡƻ餷ƻ줫Ǥʤƻ줫Ƚ롥ϡȤʤƻ˴ؤץȥ (prototype) Ǥ롥
Crystal (92) ƻΥץȥפˤĤʬ䤹ͿƤƤ롥

   The movement from a central core of stable grammatical behaviour to a more irregular periphery has been called gradience. Adjectives display this phenomenon very clearly. Five main criteria are usually used to identify the central class of English adjectives:

(A) they occur after forms of to be, e.g. he's sad;
(B) they occur after articles and before nouns, e.g. the big car;
(C) they occur after very, e.g. very nice;
(D) they occur in the comparative or superlative form e.g. sadder/saddest, more/most impressive; and
(E) they occur before -ly to form adverbs, e.g. quickly.

We can now use these criteria to test how much like an adjective a word is. In the matrix below, candidate words are listed on the left, and the five criteria are along the top. If a word meets a criterion, it is given a +; sad, for example, is clearly an adjective (he's sad, the sad girl, very sad, sadder/saddest, sadly). If a word fails the criterion, it is given a - (as in the case of want, which is nothing like an adjective: *he's want, *the want girl, *very want, *wanter/wantest, *wantly).

 ABCDE
happy+++++
old++++-
top+++--
two++---
asleep+----
want-----


The pattern in the diagram is of course wholly artificial because it depends on the way in which the criteria are placed in sequence; but it does help to show the gradual nature of the changes as one moves away from the central class, represented by happy. Some adjectives, it seems, are more adjective-like than others.


ƻȤʸˡƤˤĤơäˤӤȤʸˡƤˤĤƤϡʲε򻲾ȡ

#3533. ̾ -- ƻ -- ưϢ³Ʋ ([2018-12-29-1])
#3835. ƻʤɤΡӡפֵפȤƤˤĤơ ([2019-10-27-1])
#3843. ʤƻ졦Ρָפ "positive degree" ȸƤФΤ ([2019-11-04-1])
#3844. ӵ4ˡ ([2019-11-05-1])

Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge: CUP, 1995. 2nd ed. 2003. 3rd ed. 2019.

Referrer (Inside): [2024-08-06-1] [2022-07-25-1]

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2020-10-29 Thu

#4203. ѥؤδŪѸ --- lemma [terminology][corpus][hel_education][lexicology][pos][verb][conjugation][inflection]

ؤμȤǥѥߥʡ򳫺ŤBNCweb, COCA, COHA, EEBO corpus ʤɤɽŪʶŪ̻ŪѸ쥳ѥ˽ƿˡѷиԤǤرֻդȤƥѥѤΤϤȤ Zoom ˤ륪饤Ǥ롥
츫ѥѤȤΤϽ鿴Ԥˤϥϡɥ뤬⤤Ȼפ줬ŬڤƳСʣʸŪˡ̤ˤƤ⡤ʬˤ˻ȤʤȤǤ롥
ճȤȤʤΤϡѥѸ (terminology) ⤷ʤ㤨Сlove ư POS ꤷ lemma 򤷡 concordance line KWIC ɽΥե졼 collocation äƤ log-likelihood ФƤƤ͡ɬפ˱ noise ޥ˥奢ǽƤƤ补פʤɤȤؼ򡤽鿴ԤïǤ褦ȤȤǡѥνѸʤȤ⥸㡼ˤ򾯤IJ⤷Ƥ
lemma ʥޡޡˤˤĤơʿСǰƬˤǤΡָФפȻפФ褤ư love ˼СºݤαʸΤʤǤϡ졦߷̿ʤ love Ȥη֤뤳Ȥ⤢С3ñ loves Ȥƽи뤳Ȥ⤢뤷ʬ˷ loved 丽ʬ졦ư̾ loving Ǹ뤳Ȥ⤢ʡ줿lovin' ȤƵ뤫⤷ʤˡlove Τν֤ϡΤ˸ߤ˾İۤʤäƤ뤬ơۤʤñȤ櫓ǤϤʤޤɽŪŪ love ȤưΡŪѲˤʤΤǤ롥Τ褦ɽŪŪ¸ߤ lemma ȸƤǤ롥I love you. Τ褦 love Ȥ֤ǽФƤȤƤ⡤ love Ȥ lemma Ρľˡ1;ñ߷ζŪʸȤƤ love Ǥ롥ξԤϤޤ޷Ū˰פƤ뤱ɤ⡤ޤԤŪ loveԤ϶Ū love ȤƳǰ϶̤ɬפ롥
̤γ٤ߤС䤿ñؽκݤ˽礿ΤϡġθФȤ⤤ lemma ȡζŪʽѲȤȤˤʤ롥Υ󥻥åȤŬڤ˥ҥŤ졤ƬƤСñ˴ؤƽλƤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥Υ󥻥åȤȤˤĤ줿̾ lemma ʤΤǤ롥
֥ѥlove ư lemma Ƥ͡פȤΤϡưȤѤƤ love, loves, loved, loving ʤɤ򤹤٤ƽäƤƤ͡פȸ롥㤨 BNCweb ξˤϡ "{love/V}" Τ褦˻ꤹ뤳ȤǾ嵭 lemma ǽǤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2020-10-30-1]

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2018-12-29 Sat

#3533. ̾ -- ƻ -- ưϢ³Ʋ [prototype][category][pos][noun][verb][adjective][typology][conversion]

(70) ϡåƥ꡼ʤʻˤʤ顤̾ -- ƻ -- ưϢ³ܤƤ롥ζˤ˰꤬ꡤ¾ζˤ˰ưѲ1ĤϢ³ΤȤ

åƥ꡼ΩĴפϡγФξѤоݤȡѲȤʤȤΩ˸ФȤǤ롥ĤޤꡤǤϻ֤ηвǰꤷоݤꡤ⤦ǤϤΰưѲβγФ롥ΩȤ˹ͤȡ̾ΥץȥפϡѲΤʤꤷäоݤǤ롥ؼԤˤϡƤسԤΤʪΤǤ뤳ȤܤȤʤ롥ФưΥץȥפϡ֤ѲȤäǤ롥ҤԤΤϡΩäѲߤȤ줿礬ǤꡤŵŪˤϹ԰٤η̤ȤƸ뤫Ǥ롥äǤεǽȤ餳򸫤С̾餷פǰоݤ³ˤ뤿ΰꤷطʤߤư餷פϻ֤ǤѲˤäƵ֤οʹԤɽϤ餭ġ
Τ褦˹ͤȡ෿Ū˷ƻ줬̾餷ư餷δ֤ǡɤפ򼨤뤤ϼΩƥ꡼ȤƤϸ¤줿С⤿ʤȤ¿Ȥϡƻ줬ˡȻפ롥ƻϽŪˡ㡧֤󥴡סˤȽŪˡ㡧֥󥴤֤סˤξäƤꡤԤоݤ̤ơ̾餷פ¦ˡԤϡʹ԰٤ǤϤʤˤĤƤνҤ̤ơư餷פ¦˶ŤǤ롥ƳǰŪ˥ץȥפ鳰줿Ȥˤϡ̾ư줫ˤäɽ뤳Ȥ¿ʤ롥


ƻ줬̾ư˶ޤ줿ŪƤǤ뤬椨ˡȤˡ̾餷פ򡤤Ȥˡư餷פӤӤȤϤ롥ΰ㤤ŪˡȽŪˡ˸ƤΤǤϤʤȤƶԤޤ෿ŪˤäơƻȤƥ꡼ϸÿʸˡŪ񤤤ˤƸ֤ΰۤʤ꤬㤷Τ⡤Ūʥƥ꡼Ȥ⼨٤㤨СܸǤϷƻΩƽҸˤʤư˶ᤤǤ϶޷Ūˤ̾˶ᤤȹͤˡ
Τ褦Ϣ³ƲȤʻȤ館ȡʻž (conversion) ˤޤḤ̂䤽¾ηˤ⿷ʸƤ뤫⤷ʤ

סǧθء١ؽDz2002ǯ

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2012-10-04 Thu

#1256. Τʻʬ [dionysius_thrax][grammar][greek][latin][pos][history_of_linguistics]

ΤʸˡȤ櫓ʻˤϡ2400ǯϢʤ³ˤ롥5Ⱦ˸줿 Plato (427?--?348 B.C.) ʸιǤ ónoma (name, subject) rhēma (what is said, predicate) ̤뤳ȤüȯʬϡAristotle (384--322 B.C.) ˤ sýndesmos (link) äƸؼѤ줿
3ꡤȥɤγؼԤ3ʳˤ錄ꡤónoma, rhēma, sýndesmos 3ʬ򤵤˺ʬƤäβϸ̤ͭ̾̾ʤɤο⤿餷ؤϷѾʤäȥɤʻμήȤϤʤ餺˥쥯ɥꥢɤƬ100ǯ˽Ф Dionysius Thrax ϥ쥯ɥꥢɤήबȥɤ̵ϤƤ餺षΩ椫顤[2011-10-06-1]εǼ夲ꥷʸˡĶ󥰥顼 Techne Grammatike 路8ʻθĤǤ롥ʸˡϡꥹȶλ˥˥奷ꥢؤ줿ӥƥɾȤŵԤоݥƥȤȤʤꡤ¤13ΤǰŪʸҤؤ뤳Ȥˤʤ (Robins 38) ơϡꥷ졤ƥʤɤθŵΤߤʤ餺Ѹޤ᤿ʸˡˤ줩ŤƤ롥
ȤϤäƤ⡤Techne Grammatike ʸˡ˲Ѥ줺طѾ줿櫓ǤϤʤ㤨СǤȤʸˡǤ̾ȷƻ϶̤Ƥ뤬Techne Ǥ ónoma ȤƤޤȤƤ롥Ǥ "substantive" ȤѸ줬ʹ뤳Ȥ뤬̾ȷƻ礹ѸǤ롥դˡʸˡǤϡʬưβ̶ʬȤΩŪTechne ǤưȤΩ1ĤƤƤ
奮ꥷʹߤʻRobins (42) ˿޼Ƥ̤˺ƸΤǡͤޤǤˡʥådzˡ

History of POS Categorisation since Greek

Robins, R. H. A Short History of Linguistics. 4th ed. Longman: London and New York, 1997.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-10-13-1] [2012-12-02-1]

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