

ܥ֥Ǥ2#6125. heldio/helwa ꥹʡ sorami ˤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤Υ --- ΤαѸˡ ([2026-02-02-1]) ȡ#6132. sorami ΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥2 --- ΤαѸˡ ([2026-02-09-1]) 2ˤ錄ꤪΤ餻Ƥޤheldio/helwa ꥹʡ sorami ϼԤȤȤ˷깭رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤١Ȥ˸ƤαѸ˥ΥǤθ⥯³졤嵭̤34ˤ⥢Ǥ褦ˤʤäƤޤ
عʤɤΡּȤǻȤפäƤ뤫Ǥ礦1Ⱦǡ note ǿ͵ȤʤäƤޤμ⤯ҥȤˤȤäƿڤǡɬʬʾܤºݤ˼ȤdzѤ뤳ȤǰƬˡƥĤޤƤȤݤǤ
3ϡܸˤʤäƤȶʱñȤơ츻ǼȤݤΥ¿ФƤޤǸۻ (silent_letter) ܤƤդˤ⡤ꥻޤ
4ϡѸθȱѸο̾Ȱη˴ؤ붽̣ǤˤϤꡤܸˤʤäƤ䡤ܤǤߤΤѸ̾Ȥäˡθ츻Ƨ߹ǤȤʹȤޤƤޤϾ̤¿ΤΡƤߤ䤹ʤΤǡμƬ˥륹äƤޤ͡
ǤɼԤⴶۤƤƤ̤ꡤפꤷƤΤΡͤڤdzؤ٤ƤޤɼΥƥĤȤʤäƤޤ
sorami ϡӤǡּȤξͥॢåס롼׳ưʤɤ˼ͳ˻ȤäƤйǤפȽҤ٤ƤޤαѸ춵γҤΥȤʤɤdzѤƤߤƤˤäƤϡ§ȤơرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤˰͵ƤȤȤǤΤǡ⤴¿
ơƤ顤ȤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤餪⤷ȴơ䤷ƤߤƤޤˤϡҰ̤ˤƤСֱѸˤˡפؤäƤȤԤƤޤ
sorami ΥˤĤƤϡ heldio ۿ#1748. sorami ΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥乥ĴǤ⤴Ҳ𤷤ƤޤҤ⤪İ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ
ȤƤڤ (clipping) ˤĤƤϡ¿εǼ夲ƤȤ櫓Ω줫#893. shortening ʬ (1) ([2011-10-07-1]) ǾܤҲ𤷤
128 Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio) ۿˤ#921. 2023ǯαñϥ --- rizzꤷơclipping ˤ¤Ȥܤǿλ夲
ۿǤϡ2023ǯ Oxford Word of the Year rizz ˷ꤷȤ˥塼줬 charisma clipping ˤû̷Ǥ뤳ȤȤ charisma θ츻Ҳ𤷤
rizz charisma clipping ˤǤ뤳ȤȤơȤñθƬǤǤʤʬڤФ줿û̸Ǥɮͤ롥Τ褦ʸϡۤ¿ʤȸޤ뤫#893. shortening ʬ (1) ([2011-10-07-1]) "Mesonym" Ǽ夲褦ˡ㤬ʤ櫓ǤϤʤϤˤϰ㤤ʤʲβˤ "fore-and-aft clipping" ȸƤǤ褤
heldio ΥꥹʡϢ륳ȡ䤬줿ΤǡȴϢ McArthur αѸѸ켭ŵ "clipping" ѤƤ (223--24)
CLIPPING [1930s in this sense]. Also clipped form, clipped word, shortening. An abbreviation formed by the loss of word elements, usually syllabic: pro from professional, tec from detective. The process is attested from the 16c (coz from cousin 1559, gent from gentleman 1564); in the early 18c, Swift objected to the reduction of Latin mobile vulgus (the fickle throng) to mob. Clippings can be either selective, relating to one sense of a word only (condo is short for condominium when it refers to accommodation, not to joint sovereignty), or polysemic (rev stands for either revenue or revision, and revs for the revolutions of wheels). There are three kinds of clipping:
(1) Back-clippings, in which an element or elements are taken from the end of a word: ad(vertisement), chimp(anzee), deli(catessen), hippo(potamus), lab(oratory), piano(forte), reg(ulation)s. Back-clipping is common with diminutives formed from personal names Cath(erine) Will(iam). Clippings of names often undergo adaptations: Catherine to the pet forms Cathie, Kate, Katie, William to Willie, Bill, Billy. Sometimes, a clipped name can develop a new sense: willie a euphemism for penis, billy a club or a male goat. Occasionally, the process can be humorously reversed: for example, offering in a British restaurant to pay the william.
(2) Fore-clippings, in which an element or elements are taken from the beginning of a word: ham(burger), omni(bus), violon(cello), heli(copter), alli(gator), tele(phone), earth(quake). They also occur with personal names, sometimes with adaptations: Becky for Rebecca, Drew for Andrew, Ginny for Virginia. At the turn of the century, a fore-clipped word was usually given an opening apostrophe, to mark the loss: 'phone, 'cello, 'gator. This practice is now rare.
(3) Fore-and-aft clippings, in which elements are taken from the beginning and end of a word: in(flu)enza, de(tec)tive. This is commonest with longer personal names: Lex from Alexander, Liz from Elizabeth. Such names often demonstrate the versatility of hypocoristic clippings: Alex, Alec, Lex, Sandy, Zander; Eliza, Liz, Liza, Lizzie, Bess, Betsy, Beth, Betty.
Clippings are not necessarily uniform throughout a language: mathematics becomes maths in BrE and math in AmE. Reverend as a title is usually shortened to Rev or Rev., but is Revd in the house style of Oxford University Press. Back-clippings with -ie and -o are common in AusE and NZE: arvo afternoon, journo journalist. Sometimes clippings become distinct words far removed from the applications of the original full forms: fan in fan club is from fanatic; BrE navvy, a general labourer, is from a 19c use of navigator, the digger of a 'navigation' or canal. . . .
McArthur, Tom, ed. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford: OUP, 1992.
űѸο̾ΰ (hypocorism) ħϲȤ뤰䤤ФơClark (459--60) ԸͤˤĤġ⤷ҥȤͿƤƤ롥˲˴ؤŦŻҲ (geminate) ΩĤΤȤ
Clearly documented hypocoristics often show modified consonant-patterns . . . . Thus, the familiar form Saba (variant: Sæba) by which the sons of the early-seventh-century King Sǣbeorht (Saberctus) of Essex called their father showed the first element of the full name extended by the initial consonant of the second, in a way perhaps implying that medial consonants following a stressed syllable may have been ambisyllabic . . . . In the Germanic languages generally, a consonant-cluster formed at the element-junction of a compound name was often simplified in the hypocoristic form to a geminate, Old English examples including the masc. Totta < Torhthelm, the fem. Cille < Cēolswīð, and also the masc. Beoffa apparently derived from Beornfrið . . . .
ŻҲҲñ㲽ȤСܸΡ֤äס֤äס֤äס֤ޤä۵롥ܸβǤϽŻҲ¥ˤΤΤŪꤵƤȤäƤ褤̾䤽ΰΤʤɤˤϤȤ櫓¿ѤƤ褦ʰݤ롥ħ (sound_symbolism) δ顤餫ŪϲǽʤΤ
Clark, Cecily. "Onomastics." The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 1. Ed. Richard M. Hogg. Cambridge: CUP, 1992. 452--89.
ֱѸƳ2021˸ɽ줿ƥĤϡرˤְ̣ SIRǤŪʱѸءѸ˸ǤϡƤӤ (vocative) ϼŪˤȤɤޤꡤפĴоݤȤϤʤʤȤߤʤƤޤˡ˸ƬˤꡤǤϽפʸơޤȤȤ館ƤޤΥƥĤϡФɾ (honorific) θƤӤ sir ʤбǤ madamˤˤĤơ˸δҲ𤹤ΤǤƤӤˤɵ椹̥Ϥ˵ŤƤ館ФȻפޤ
ƥǡܤγعǤαѸμȤǡѸdzƤ֤ȤˤɤΤ褦ʷɾΤȤΤդ路ȤǺߤ֤ƤޤΤǤ͡ŪŵŪˤ Mr. Miss (or Mz.?) Ǥ͡ʻǻȤˤʤäƤޤĿͤȤƤܸͳ san ֤פλѤդ路ȻפäƤꡤ̤αѸѤˤƤ⡤äήԤäƤФ褤ȴԤƤޤɾΤȤƤ san ϡOED Ǥ san, n.3 ȤƸФ줬ΩƤƤꡤäȤñǤ
A Japanese honorific title, equivalent to Mr., Mrs., etc., suffixed to personal or family names as a mark of politeness; also colloquial or in imitation of the Japanese form, suffixed to other names or titles (cf. mama-san n.).
When suffixed to a female personal name, and in more polite endearment, san is often coupled with the prefix O- (see quot. 1922).
1878 C. Dresser in Jrnl. Soc. Arts 26 175/1 Mr. Sakata, or, as they would say Sakata San, who was appointed..as one of my escort through Japan.
. . . .
. . . .
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 313 The fashionable international world attended en masse this afternoon at the wedding... Miss Grace Poplar, Miss O Mimosa San.
. . . .
. . . .
1972 J. Ball Five Pieces Jade xiv. 188 It would make me the greatest pleasure, Nakamura san.
san ϡؤƱνܡʸ˻̤ѸüԤȱѸäȤˤϡ̤˻ȤޤϷ˽鷺ŪѤǤɾΤǤ⤢ꡤǤԹ礬褤ΤǤ줬äȹŪήԤäƤСñȤƤѤȤƤ⡤ܸ줫礭ʹˤʤȻפäƤޤ
ʤܸΡ֤Τϡɰդι⤤֤ޡפṳ̂۷ǡǤɰդ⤹㤹礦ɤ褤֤Ťˤޤ䞤۷֤פϰη (hypocorism) Ǥ͡
ɸ Elizabeth ϡѹˤκǤ2ͤνɽŵŪʱѸν̾Ǥ롥˸뤿ؤŤ̾Ǥꡤ츻褯ʬäƤʤ褦إ֥饤ǡֿסֿϴʤפɽ魯 Elisheba ͳ褹ΤǤϤʤȸ롥
ѹǤ16Ⱦ Elizabeth I μȤʤꡤ3֡Ѹ̾ȤƤʿ͵ؤä20ˤʤȡElizabeth II μˤ⤫餺˸Ťᤫ̾ɾ褦ˤʤä餫ĤƤΤ褦ʿ͵Ƥʤ褦
ˤ⸽Ť̾ˡѹΤߤʤ餺衼åѽƱ̾Ӥ̾̾ȤƹѤƤ뤬餬ƱѸ̾ȤƱѸҲäƤȡElizabeth եߥȸƤ֤٤ΰ̾Ԥʤ뤳ȤˤʤäޤĤѸǾάη (hypocorism)ȯãƤΤǡѸǤ¿¿ͤ Elizabeth ή̤Ƥ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥ʲˡCrystal (148) ˵äơɽŪʤΤ褦
Short forms: Bess, Bet, Beth, Eliza, Elsa, Liza, Lisbet, Lisbeth, Liz, Liza
Pet forms (hypocorism): Bessie, Bessy, Betsy, Bette, Betty, Elsie, Libby, Lilibet, Lizzie, Lizzy, Tetty
Regional forms: Elspet, Elspeth, Elspie (Scottish)
Foreign forms: Elizabeth (common European spelling); Babette, Elise, Lise, Lisette (French); Elsa, Else, Ilse, Liesel (German); Bettina, Elizabetta (Italian); Isabel, Isabella, Isbel, Isobel, Izzie, Sabella (Spanish/Portuguese); Elilís (Irish Gaelic); Ealasaid (Scottish Gaelic); Bethan (Welsh)
Ūˤϡΰ̾γơФֻ͡櫓ǤꡤȤ櫓ɸŪֻڤ18ˤϡĿ̾ΡֻؤΤϵäΤǡֻ¿#1720. Shakespeare ֤ ([2014-01-11-1]) ǼȤǤ롥Elizabeth ʤ¾¿̾ˤˤĤơŪˤɤ¿ΥꥨäȤƣסֺƣסƣסƣפǤϤʤ
Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.
(pet name) 俷 (term of endearment) ϡŪˤ hypocorism ȸƤФ롥ꥷ hupo- "hypo-" + kórisma (cf. kóros (child))) ƤꡤҶ䤹ɽȤȤǤ롥Ѹ hypocorism κˤϤĤ뤬ŵŪʤΤ Robert Rob Τ褦˸ûΤǤ롥ε#1950. ʤ Bill William ΰΤˤʤΤ ([2014-08-29-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡƬ˲ѰۤȼΤ⤢ꡤEdward Ned (cf. mine Ed), Edward Ted (cf. that Ed?), Ann Nan (cf. mine Ann) Τ褦ǤȤΰʬϤȤ뤳Ȥ롥
ۤˡ (hypocoristic suffix) -y -ie ղä Georgie, Charlie, Johnnie ʤɤ㤬ꡤȤ櫓̾˹ޤ롥ޤṳ̂Ĥ Elizabeth Betty, William Billy, Richard Ritchie ʤɤ¿ΰ۷Ȥ -sy, -sie ⤢ꡤElizabeth Betsy/Bessy, Anne Nancy, Patricia Patsy ʤɤˤߤ롥
ؿѸؼŵ (542) ˤСŪˤϡղäδ15溢 Charlie ʤɤåȥɤǻϤޤꡤ줬16ʹߤ˳Ϥ˹ޤäΤȤ롥ޤظʸˡŵ (670) ˤСϰΤǤ뤫̾ǤϤʤä18̾ȤƤǧ褦ˤʤä
OALD8 δ "Common first names" Ȥ䤬ꡤά̾䰦ΤΤˤĤƤϡǺܤƤ롥ʲФΤˤʳ̤դΤϡ̤λͿΡˡ
1. Female names
| Abigail | Abbie |
| Alexandra | Alex, Sandy |
| Amanda | Mandy |
| Catherine, Katherine, Katharine, Kathryn | Cathy, Kathy, Kate, Katie, Katy |
| Christina | Chrissie, Tina |
| Christine | Chris |
| Deborah | Debbie, Deb |
| Diana, Diane | Di |
| (Dorothy) | (Dol) |
| Eleanor | Ellie |
| Eliza | Liza |
| Elizabeth, Elizabeth | Beth, Betsy, Betty, Liz, Lizzie |
| Ellen, Helen | Nell |
| Frances | Fran |
| Georgina | Georgie |
| Gillian | Jill, Gill, Jilly |
| Gwendoline | Gwen |
| Jacqueline | Jackie |
| Janet | Jan |
| Janice, Janis | Jan |
| Jennifer | Jenny, Jen |
| Jessica | Jess |
| Josephine | Jo, Josie |
| Judith | Judy |
| Kristen | Kirsty |
| Margaret | Maggie, (Meg, Peg) |
| (Mary) | (Moll, Poll) |
| Nicola | Nicky |
| Pamela | Pam |
| Patricia | Pat, Patty |
| Penelope | Penny |
| Philippa | Pippa |
| Rebecca | Becky |
| Rosalind, Rosalyn | Ros |
| Samantha | Sam |
| Sandra | Sandy |
| Susan | Sue, Susie, Suzy |
| Susanna(h), Suzanne | Susie, Suzy |
| Teresa, Theresa | Tessa, Tess |
| Valerie | Val |
| Victoria | Vicki, Vickie, Vicky, Vikki |
| Winifred | Winnie |
| Albert | Al, Bert |
| Alexander | Alex, Sandy |
| Alfred | Alfie |
| Andrew | Andy |
| (Anthony) | (Tony) |
| Benjamin | Ben |
| Bernard | Bernie |
| (Boswell) | (Boz) |
| Bradford | Brad |
| Charles | Charlie, Chuck |
| Christopher | Chris |
| Clifford | Cliff |
| Daniel | Dan, Danny |
| David | Dave |
| Douglas | Doug |
| Edward | Ed, Eddie, Eddy, (Ned), Ted |
| Eugene | Gene |
| Francis | Frank |
| Frederick | Fred, Freddie, Freddy |
| Geoffrey, Jeffrey | Geoff, Jeff |
| Gerald | Gerry, Jerry |
| Gregory | Greg |
| Henry | Hank, Harry |
| Herbert | Bert, Herb |
| Jacob | Jake |
| James | Jim, Jimmy, Jamie |
| Jeremy | Jerry |
| John | |
| Johnny | |
| Jonathan | Jon |
| Joseph | Joe |
| Kenneth | Ken, Kenny |
| Laurence, Lawrence | Larry, Laurie |
| Leonard | Len, Lenny |
| Leslie | Les |
| Lewis | Lew |
| Louis | Lou |
| (Macaulay) | (Mac) |
| Matthew | Matt |
| Michael | Mike, Mick, Micky, Mickey |
| Nathan | Nat |
| Nathaniel | Nat |
| Nicholas | Nick, Nicky |
| Patrick | Pat, Paddy |
| (Pendennis) | (Pen) |
| Peter, Pete | |
| Philip | Phil |
| Randolph, Randolf | Randy |
| Raymond | Ray |
| Richard | Rick, Ricky, Ritchie, Dick |
| Robert | Rob, Robbie, Bob, Bobby |
| Ronald | Ron, Ronnie |
| Samuel | Sam, Sammy |
| Sebastian | Seb |
| Sidney, Sydney | Sid |
| Stanley | Stan |
| Stephen, Steven | Steve |
| Terence | Terry |
| Theodore | Theo |
| Thomas | Tom, Tommy |
| Timothy | Tim |
| Victor | Vic |
| Vincent | Vince |
| William | Bill, Billy, Will, Willy |
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