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ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2020-02-27 Thu

#3958. Ritt ˤѸ쳫Ĺθ [meosl][sound_change][vowel][phonology][phonetics][sonority][neogrammarian][homorganic_lengthening]

ε#3957. Ritt ˤѸ쳫Ĺλȿ ([2020-02-26-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡѸ쳫Ĺ (Middle English Open Syllable Lengthening; meosl) ˤϰճ㳰¿ĶۤƱ˸Ƥ⡤ñˤä첻ĹäƤ굯äƤʤäꤹΤ
Ritt (75) MEOSL ˤĤơ첻Ĺ뤫ݤϡĶνθǤγΨȤȤ館Ƥ롥ơΤ褦ʸͿƤ (75)

MEOSL Formula

      The probability of vowel lenghthening was proportional to
      a. the (degree of) stress on it
      b. its backness
      c. coda sonority

      and inversely proportional to
      a. its height
      b. syllable weight
      c. the overall weight of the weak syllables in the foot

   In this formula t, u, v, x, y and z are constants. Their values could be provided by the theoretical framework and/or by induction (= trying the formula out on actual data).


ǤϲäƤΤʬʤ⤹аʲ̤Ǥ롥MEOSL Ψϡ6ĤΥѥ᡼͡ʤ̤ͤΤˤδؿȤƻФ롥6ĤΥѥ顼᥿Ȥθ̤ϰʲ̤ꡥ

(1) β˶Сβ첻Ĺ䤹
(2) 첻첻ǤСĹ䤹
(3) coda 첻˸³Ҳˤʹ (sonority) ⤱СĹ䤹
(4) 첻Ĵ⤤ȡĹˤ
(5) β᤬ŤȡĹˤ
(6) αμ岻᤬ŤȡĹˤ

ФΤϤޤdzΨǤ뤫顤ۤƱĶˤǤäƤ⡤첻Ĺ뤫ݤη̤ϰۤʤȤȤRitt Υץϡǯʸˡ (neogrammarian) ŪʡֲѲ㳰ʤפθ§ (Ausnahmslose Lautgesetze) Ȥϰ褹ץǤ롥
ʤδؿϡ¤Ʊ⤦1Ĥ첻ĹǤƱĹ (homorganic_lengthening) ˤ⤽ΤޤƤϤޤ뤳ȤʬäƤꡤ⤤ƱĹˤĤƤεǡ

Ritt, Nikolaus. Quantity Adjustment: Vowel Lengthening and Shortening in Early Middle English. Cambridge: CUP, 1994.

Referrer (Inside): [2020-03-02-1]

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2019-07-04 Thu

#3720. ʤѸ make ܸ˼Ѥȸ첻 /u/ ΤĤ meiku /meiku/ ȤʤΤǤ [sobokunagimon][japanese][syllable][phonetics][phoneme][sonority][loan_word][sonority]

ε#3719. ܸϳ졤ѸIJ ([2019-07-03-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡ᥿פȤߤȡܸȱѸоŪʸǤѸϻҲǽIJ (closed syllable) 򼨤줬¿ޤܸǤϵǤΤᡤIJıñܸ˼ƤäơIJ˲餫ĴäƳ (open syllable) ؤѴΤԹǤȤ櫓ϳѴȤǤΤ褦ĴΤǤñˡ1ĤϡҲ첻ä뤳ȤǤǸIJϡƤܸμʲ᥿פȤ뤳ȤǤ褦ˤʤޤ
ɸǹͤƤߤޤ礦Ѹ make /meɪk/ ϻҲ /k/ ǽIJθǤܸȤˤϡ /k/ ΤȤ첻1źƤФ褤ΤǤŪˤ /u/ äơ֥ᥤ /meiku/ Ȥޤ̤Ȥ /mei.ku/ 23⡼ˤȤʤޤ̵˳Ȥʤޤ
ϡʤ첻 /u/ Ǥ뤫ȤǤmap ʥޥåס, lobe ʥ֡, dog ʥɥå, tough ʥա, love ʥ֡, rice ʥ饤, rose ʥ, dish ʥǥå, cool ʥ, game ʥ, sing ʥ󥰡 ʤɤǤ⡤б륫ʸͤƤߤȡ٤Ƹ /u/ ղäƤޤ
ŪŤμѸǤ cake ʥˤ brush ʥ֥饷ˤΤ褦 /i/ ղäߤޤwatch ʥå, badge ʥХåˡgarage ʥ졼ˤʤɤƱͤǤĴŪˤϡȯ˴ޤޤƤŸ /ʃ, ʒ, ʧ, ʤ/ 첻 /i/ ȤϿ⤤뤳ȤϤǤȤϻפޤ
/u/ /i/ ȤϻĤޤʤ¾첻ǤϤʤ2ĤΤƤΤǤ礦ϡξԤȤ첻Ȥʹ (sonority) Ǥ㤯û첻ȹͤƤޤۡpp. 55--56ˡˤϤʤ첻ΤǤ顤ƤäѷäȤϤʤ٤ΩʤѹˤȤɤƤȤǤDzŪ˱Ƥ /u/ /i/ 򤵤ȤȤΤ褦Ǥ
פ㳰ޤñβ˸ /t/ /d/ ˤĤƤϡܸ첽 /i/, /u/ ǤϤʤ /o/ äΤŪǤcat ʥåȡˡbed ʥ٥åɡˤतǤϡ⤷ /u/ /i/ ղäȡܸβȤƵƤʤ [tu, ti, du, di] Ƥޤᡤ/u/ μ˹⤤ /o/ ѤΤȤޤܸ첽 [tsu, tʃi, dzu, dʒi] ȤƻȤƤϤ⤷ޤ󤬡ˡϺΤޤǤ
֥ᥤפ֥פ֥åȡפ⡤ܸ첻˰Ĥ̤βȤȤä櫓Ǥ

Ĥ2ϡȥ⡼׿ ҡԡˡزīоȸإ꡼ 3īҽŹ2014ǯ30--57ǡ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-08-10-1]

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2019-07-04 Thu

#3720. ʤѸ make ܸ˼Ѥȸ첻 /u/ ΤĤ meiku /meiku/ ȤʤΤǤ [sobokunagimon][japanese][syllable][phonetics][phoneme][sonority][loan_word][sonority]

ε#3719. ܸϳ졤ѸIJ ([2019-07-03-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡ᥿פȤߤȡܸȱѸоŪʸǤѸϻҲǽIJ (closed syllable) 򼨤줬¿ޤܸǤϵǤΤᡤIJıñܸ˼ƤäơIJ˲餫ĴäƳ (open syllable) ؤѴΤԹǤȤ櫓ϳѴȤǤΤ褦ĴΤǤñˡ1ĤϡҲ첻ä뤳ȤǤǸIJϡƤܸμʲ᥿פȤ뤳ȤǤ褦ˤʤޤ
ɸǹͤƤߤޤ礦Ѹ make /meɪk/ ϻҲ /k/ ǽIJθǤܸȤˤϡ /k/ ΤȤ첻1źƤФ褤ΤǤŪˤ /u/ äơ֥ᥤ /meiku/ Ȥޤ̤Ȥ /mei.ku/ 23⡼ˤȤʤޤ̵˳Ȥʤޤ
ϡʤ첻 /u/ Ǥ뤫ȤǤmap ʥޥåס, lobe ʥ֡, dog ʥɥå, tough ʥա, love ʥ֡, rice ʥ饤, rose ʥ, dish ʥǥå, cool ʥ, game ʥ, sing ʥ󥰡 ʤɤǤ⡤б륫ʸͤƤߤȡ٤Ƹ /u/ ղäƤޤ
ŪŤμѸǤ cake ʥˤ brush ʥ֥饷ˤΤ褦 /i/ ղäߤޤwatch ʥå, badge ʥХåˡgarage ʥ졼ˤʤɤƱͤǤĴŪˤϡȯ˴ޤޤƤŸ /ʃ, ʒ, ʧ, ʤ/ 첻 /i/ ȤϿ⤤뤳ȤϤǤȤϻפޤ
/u/ /i/ ȤϻĤޤʤ¾첻ǤϤʤ2ĤΤƤΤǤ礦ϡξԤȤ첻Ȥʹ (sonority) Ǥ㤯û첻ȹͤƤޤۡpp. 55--56ˡˤϤʤ첻ΤǤ顤ƤäѷäȤϤʤ٤ΩʤѹˤȤɤƤȤǤDzŪ˱Ƥ /u/ /i/ 򤵤ȤȤΤ褦Ǥ
פ㳰ޤñβ˸ /t/ /d/ ˤĤƤϡܸ첽 /i/, /u/ ǤϤʤ /o/ äΤŪǤcat ʥåȡˡbed ʥ٥åɡˤतǤϡ⤷ /u/ /i/ ղäȡܸβȤƵƤʤ [tu, ti, du, di] Ƥޤᡤ/u/ μ˹⤤ /o/ ѤΤȤޤܸ첽 [tsu, tʃi, dzu, dʒi] ȤƻȤƤϤ⤷ޤ󤬡ˡϺΤޤǤ
֥ᥤפ֥פ֥åȡפ⡤ܸ첻˰Ĥ̤βȤȤä櫓Ǥ

Ĥ2ϡȥ⡼׿ ҡԡˡزīоȸإ꡼ 3īҽŹ2014ǯ30--57ǡ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-08-10-1]

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2018-11-03 Sat

#3477. 2βѲ --- ȼ岽 [phonetics][phonology][sound_change][consonant][vowel][terminology][sonority]

Ѳˤϡߤ˵ո2Υפ롥 (fortition, strengthening) ȼ岽 (lenition, weakening) Ǥ롥ơˤĤ (49) εҤѤ롥

Ρϡγоδʹ꤬򤷤䤹褦ˡܤʬ᲻ȤΩ򶯤᤿ꡤġʬ᲻κΩä򶯤뤳Ȥ򤤤ȯä˺ݤĴͥ륮ղäȼȤС۲ (dissimilation)Ĺ첻 (vowel lengthening)첻 (diphthongization)ź (addition)Ჽ (syllabification)̵ (devoicing)ӵ (aspiration) ʤɤ˴ޤޤ롥ŪˡĴθζ򤻤Ф˸ᡤҲŪ򶯤뤳Ȥˤʤ롥

Ρ岽ϡäˤĴưפˤ뤳Ȥ򤤤١Ĵͥ륮ϾʤƺѤࡥƱ (assimilation)û첻 (vowel shortening)ñ첻 (monophthongization)Ჽ (desyllabification)ü (debuccalization)ͭ (voicing)ɡ (nasalization)̵ (deaspiration)ʣҲ (degemination) ʤɤޤࡥȤϵդˡҲᡤ첻뤳Ȥˤʤ롥

Ĵô򾯤ʤȤäͥ׼岽Фơγоʹ䤹Ȥʹͥ׶ȤڥǤ롥ääʹؤˤäƿʹԤߤ礤ƤΤʿԤơѲ岽ȶΥХ󥹤ݤ褦ˤʤäƤ롥ɤ餫Υװݤˤʤ뤳ȤϤʤ
(49) 2βѲưŤˤĤơ֥ꥺ๽¤˹碌פȤҤ٤Ƥ롥ˤĤƤϡ#3466. űѸ첻β̤Ѹʹߤ첻βŻ뤷 ([2018-10-23-1]) 򻲾ȡ

3ϡѲס ԡˡ˸ءīоȸإ꡼ȯŸԡ3īҽŹ2018ǯ47--70ǡ

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2016-06-23 Thu

#2614. 岻ˤд첻2ɤ [phonetics][vowel][sonority][stress][variation]

Ѹˤơ岻˸д첻ɽȤ /ə/ /ɪ/ 2ब롥ܼʣιǤȤƸ뤳Ȥ¿ơʬۤˤϤ褽Ф꤬ΤΡξԤδ֤ɤ򼨤⾯ʤʤ㤨 except θƬ첻ˤ /ə/ /ɪ/ Τ⸽뤳ȤǤԤξˤ accept ƱȤʤ롥illusion θƬ첻ˤĤƤƱͤǤꡤ/ə/ ȯ allusion ƱȤʤ롥ѸѼˤäƤ⤳ɤʬۤηϰۤʤ롥
ɤεϡSamuels ˤѸ줫ѸˤƤλˤäȤűѸˤ岻첻ϸ¤ѸǤ /ə/ ؤۣ첻θ夵˼岽ƴĶ˱ /ɪ/ ؤѲ礬äʤʤǤּ岽פȤʹ (sonority) δߤ岽ǤꡤĴŪˤС־夲 (raising) 롥⤤첻ˤʤСʹ٤ꡤ첻ȤƤϼ夯ʤȲǤ뤫ˡ
/ə/ /ɪ/ ɤϡߤ֤夤פǤ뤳Ȥ˵Ȥ/ə/ ϶ĥٹ礤ȤǤ /ɪ/ 夯 /ɪ/ ʹ٤Ǥ /ə/ 夤ȹͤ뤫Ĥޤꡤߤ˼岽礦طȤȤˤʤ롥Τʤˤ첻ˤϾ˼岽뷹ȤСʤ /ə/ /ɪ/ ΤDZʱɤ줬֤Ȥˤʤ
嵭ˤĤ Samuels (44--45) ľʹ

In ME, where the vowels of the OE endings had been centralised to /ə/, we find widespread new raising to /ɪ/, especially in inflexions ending in dental or alveolar consonants (-is, -ith, -yn, -id, -ind(e)). Since then, there has been constant distribution of the vowels of syllables newly unstressed to one or other member of the opposition /ɪ?ə/, depending partly on the inherited quality of the vowels and partly on that of the neighbouring segments: /ɪ/ is the commoner reflex of the vowels of ME -es, -ed, -est, -edge, -less, -ness, de-, re-, em-, ex-, whereas /ə/ represents the vowels of nearly all other unstressed syllables (the more important are -ance, -and, -dom, -ence, -ent, -land, -man, -oun, -our, -ous, a-, con-, com-, cor-, sub-, as well as syllabic /-l, -m, -n, -r/ and their reflexes wherever relevant). But there are exceptions to the expected distribution that are due to conditioning: the raising of /ə/ to /ɪ/ before /(d)ȝ, s/ as in cottage, damage, orange, furnace, and by vowel-harmony in women (also sometimes in chicken, kitchen, linen); and the same applies to other exceptions recorded in the past.
   Thus the pattern of development in EMnE was that new cases of /ə/ were continually arising from unstressed back vowels, but meanwhile certain cases of /ə/ with raised variants from conditioning were redistributed to /ɪ/. In present English, centralisation to /ə/ is again on the increase as dialects with higher proportions of /ɪ/ gain in prominence.


Samuels, M. L. Linguistic Evolution with Special Reference to English. London: CUP, 1972.

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2015-01-06 Tue

#2080. /sp/, /st/, /sk/ Ҳð [phonetics][phoneme][phonology][alliteration][grimms_law][consonant][sonority][homorganic_lengthening]

ɸ /s/ + ̵λҲϡѸ˾塤Ūðۤʿ񤤤򼨤ƤðϱѸ첻ǤϹΤƤꡤ͡ʹͻʬϤʤƤʲƬ (132--33, 136--38) ˰͵򤷤Ʋ⤷褦
ޤˡ§ (grimms_law) ϡλҲ2ǤȤƸˤŬѤʤäȤΤƤ롥#641. ޥλҲ (3) ([2011-01-28-1]) ȡ#662. sp-, st-, sk- ̵ˤʤͳ ([2011-02-18-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡ[s] ε©αƶǸ³໤֥å줿Ǥ롥
ˡűѸťΥɸƬdzǧ褦ˡsp-, st-, sc- ñϡȤ߹碌̤ñȤƬʤȤǤʤäĤޤꡤŪˤ2Ĥʬ᲻ʤˤ⤫餺1ĤβΤ褦˿񤦤ȤȤȤ
ޤ#2063. Ĺ첻Ф¶ˡ ([2014-12-20-1]) (6) Ǥߤ2Ҳû (shortening before two consonants) ˤꡤfīfta > fifta, sōhte > sohte, lǣssa > læssa ʤɤûprēstes Ǥ㳰ŪûʤäξˤƤ⡤/s/ Ȥ³Ȥߴط̩Ǥꡤ碌1Ĥñ̤ȤƿäƤ뤫Τ褦ˤߤ롥
äơ/sp/, /st/, /sk/ ϡOnset ˵ݤ˻ҲðۤǤ롥Onset λҲǤϡʹ (sonority) 㤤Ҳ˻Ϥޤꡤ⤤Ҳ³ȤĤޤ㢪פ§Ǥ롥Ȥ[s] [t] ʹ٤⤤Τǡsp- ʤɤǤϡֹ⢪פȤʤꡤ§ȿ롥
ǸդäСְ㤤θ椫⡤Ҳ˴ؤְ㤤ðǧȤ롥
ʾβľ̤ؼԤλҲ(1) ޤ2ҲȤư(2) 2ҲǤϤ뤬1ĤΤޤȤޤ (ʣ粻ǡ composite phonemeˤȤư(3) 1ҲȤưʤɤν󵯤ƤͤȤơƬ (138) ϡ¸ (dependency phonology) Ω줫顤λҲ /s/ ƳȤȤ "contour segment" ǤȤʬϤƤƤ롥"contour segment" ιͤϡѸǵäȤƱĹ (homorganic_lengthening) ˴ط /mb/ ʤɤλҲˤѤǤ褦Ǥ롥

Ƭġ˽ҡ"Consonant cluster" ȲѲðȲṽ¤ᤰäơס츦θߡ١ϩˡˡҤĤ˼2013ǯ127--43ǡ

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2014-08-15 Fri

#1936. ʹΤѲ [phonetics][consonant][function_of_language][language_change][causation][h][sonority][reduplication][japanese][grimms_law][functionalism]

4֤εǡưˤʹ꤬äƱ餤뤤Ϥʾ˱ƶϤĤȤ򸫤Ƥʡ#1932. Ѳ monitoring (1) ([2014-08-11-1])#1933. Ѳ monitoring (2) ([2014-08-12-1])#1934. audience design ([2014-08-13-1])#1935. accommodation theory ([2014-08-14-1])ˡ#1070. Jakobson ˤưԲķ6Ĥιǡ ([2012-04-01-1])#1862. Stern ˤ4Ĥεǽ ([2014-06-02-1])ޤεǽ˴ؤ뤽¾ε (function_of_language) Ǹ褦ˡʹϸưԲķǤ1ĤǤ뤫顤ͤƤߤΤȤǤ롥 (139) Τ褦ˡθѲθˤơʹˤ줬ɤΤ褦ʹ뤫Ȥ˷ƤפȤϤ褽ǧʤФʤʤ³ơäŪϡ򤵤뤿ᡤ򤵤뤿Ǥ뤫顤äȤڤʤΤϡäΰտޤȤʹ򤵤뤳ȤǤ롥ϡʹ꤬Τʹ褦äȤǤפȽҤ٤Ƥ롥
ʹΤθѲ¸ߤ̵뤵Ƥ櫓ǤϤʤѲΤʤˤϡʬ (metanalysis) ˤꤦޤΤ⤢СƱ۵ (homonymic_clash) ⤢뤳ȤϻŦƤ#1873. Stern ˤ̣Ѳ7ʬ ([2014-06-13-1]) ǤϡʹδͿ̣Ѳˤ⿨줿ʹδͿϤ褽׻뤵ƤȤϤ
(118--38) ϡܸΥϹԻҲηϤ԰ꤵŪʥϹԻҲʹΰ˵Ƥ롥ΥϹԻҲϡ11 [ɸ] [w] Ѳʡ#1271. ܸȤθ ([2012-10-19-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ㤨СβѲ˽äơ [ɸawa] [ɸiwi]ˤ [ɸowo] ȤʤäΤޤ޼ȯã뤲ƤʤСƬ [ɸ] [h] Ȥʤꡤϡ֥ϥסϡ֥ҥסˤϡ֥ۥסʼºݤˡ֥ۥۡפ¤ǡ֥ۥפ⤢ˤȤʤäƤΥϹԻҲμ夵䶯٤ޤҲνƱˤꡤĻŵŪƱ˽ʣ (reduplication) ޤä2ܤΥϹԻҲ褷ߤϡ֥ϥϡס֥ҥҡס֥ۥۡפȤʤäƤ롥ϹԻҲĴϢѲ뤲ƤȤϡľܤˤäˤ˰㤤ʤŪˤŪϹԻҲʹΰŪʼ夵˵ȹͤ롥­ʹΰȤʹΩΩäɸǤ롥ҤλҲˤĤ [h] > [ç] ȤѲΤ⡤[h] ʹΰ䶯ȤƤ롥
ܸΥϹԻҲȴϢơѸ [h] Ȥμդβ˴ؤˤʣˡ§ (grimms_law)#214. ԰ʻҲ /h/ ([2009-11-27-1]) h γƵ#1195. <gh> = /f/ б ([2012-08-04-1]) ʤɤ꤬ط롥 (132) ܸȱѸˤݤŦƤꡤ<gh> ˤĤƼΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

ġıѸ light, tight ʤɤ gh ɤޤʤ«ˤʤäƤ뤬 h ϡʹæڥ󥰤ˤ줬ĤäΤǤ뤷rough, tough ʤɤ gh [f] ˤʤäƤΤϡʹΰ [h] [f] ֤줿̤Ǥ롥[ɸ] [f] Ȥΰ㤤Ϥ뤬ܸΤ뿰ಽȵäƤ뤳Ȥܤ


ȤСrough tough [f] ϡ#1195. <gh> = /f/ б ([2012-08-04-1]) Ǽ褦äΤβѲη ([x] > [xw] > f) ȤƤǤϤʤ[x] 뤤 [h] ʹΰˤʤʤʹΤΡ [f] ǤִȤȤˤʤ롥󡤤줬˵äȤ¾ڤ뤳Ȥ񤷤

ͺܸˡĿϤʤʤΤ١޴ֽ񱡡2001ǯ

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2013-06-19 Wed

#1514. Sonority Analyser [phonetics][sonority][syllable][web_service][cgi]

    

ε#1513. ʹ ([2013-06-18-1]) ǡŤäƤʹ٤⤷ޤSonority Sequencing Generalisation (SSG) Ȥ§Ƴʬ᲻ʹ٤θ§˽ä֤뤳Ȥ򼨤ʹ٤β̤Τ褦򤷡ǧ뤿ˡεǤϤĤñˤʬϤ򼨤ǤդñʬϤǤǤ롥
ǡˡˤäñϤȡưŪˤȯʬ᲻ʬ򤷡ʬ᲻ sonority scale ¨ʹ٤ͤ꿶ꡤë޼Ƥġʲˡ"Sonority Analyser" 롥1ĤθǤ褤޶ڤʣθ򸫽ФηϤƤ褤ʹ٤λëοޤŬڤ˽ϤͤǤ롥
ȯǡ١ˤϡ#1159. MRC Psycholinguistic Database Search ([2012-06-29-1]) ѤƤꡤޤޤϿƤʤֻˤʤϤʤ1ĤˡФʣΥȥ꡼Ʊְ۵ʻ㤤ʤɡˤˤϡ줾줬޼롥ɽˤĤƤϡMRC θǡեλ˴ŤΤ򤽤Τޤ޻Ѥ
sonority scale ˤϡ§ȤƺεǼΤѤƤ뤬(1) /w, j/ ʹ8ȤȤȤι첻첻첻ͤϷ夲ơ줾9, 10, 11Ȥ(2) 2첻ϲ2첻 (falling diphthong) Ȥ1첻ʹ٤ͤ2첻Τ˳Ƥ뤳ȤȤ̩ǤϤʤȤ⡤ץ쥼ǧӤˤϽʬ

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2013-06-18 Tue

#1513. ʹ [phonetics][phoneme][sonority][syllable][terminology][phonotactics]

(syllable) ˤ͡Ϳ줦뤬ƤΤȤơʬ᲻βŪʹ (sonority) ˰¸롥ʹ٤ΤΤϡ"the overall loudness of a sound relative to others of the same pitch, stress and duration" (Crystal 442) Τ褦롥ʬ᲻Ūˤʹ䤹٤ȲǤ롥
ʬ᲻ʹ٤¬͡ˤʤƤꡤͤˤĤƤϼ¸Ȥ˾ܺ٤ϰۤʤ뤫⤷ʤޤʬ̤ˤĤƤϸԤΤǰפߤƤ롥1ȤơHogg and McCully (33) ˵󤲤ƤѸʬ᲻ sonority scale 򼨤

SoundsSonority valuesExamples
low vowels10/a, ɑ/
mid vowels9/e, o/
high vowels8/i, u/
flaps7/r/
laterals6/l/
nasals5/n, m, ŋ/
voiced fricatives4/v, ð, z/
voiceless fricatives3/f, θ, s/
voiced stops2/b, d, g/
voiceless stops1/p, t, k/


̤ˡҲ첻Τ̵ۤͭΤۤγ礭ۤʹ٤Ϲ⤤ҲˤĤƤСҲζ٤ʹ٤ȿδطǤꡤ٤㤤ʡ夤ʹ٤ι⤤˻ҲϡŪפü䤹
ơʹ٤ΤͭʤΤϡʬ᲻Ϣ³ˤʹ٤ĺ (peak) ãȤγ (syllabic nucleus) Ȱפ뤫Ǥ롥ʬ᲻Ϣ³ʬʬ᲻ʹ٤꿶ȡ1İʾʹ٤ĺ롥ĺοθβȤȤˤʤ롥벻٤Ȥζܤɤ뤫ŪޤǤ뤬ʤȤⲻγˡĺˤϡΤ褦ʹ٤ʬϤ뤳ȤǵŪޤΤԹ礬ɤ
ʲˡĤθʹʬϤ򼨤

WordPronunciationSonority valuesPeaks = Syllables
modest/modest/5-9-2-9-3-12
complain/compleːn/1-9-5-1-6-9-52
petty/peti/1-9-1-82
elastic/əlæstik/8-6-10-3-1-8-13
elasticity/iːlæstisiti/9-6-10-3-1-8-3-8-1-85
petrol/petrəl/1-9-1-7-9-62
button/bʌtn/2-9-1-52
bottle/botl/2-9-1-62


Ǹ button bottle ǤϺǽҲʹ٤ȤĺʤΤǡγˤȤƵǽƤ롥벻粻ŪҲǤ롥
˶̣ΤϡϢʬ᲻ʹ٤˴ؤ뤢ˡ§򼨤ȤǤ롥 "Sonority Sequencing Generalisation" (SSG) ȸƤФ븶§ǡΤ褦꼰롥

[I]n any syllable, there is a segment constituting a sonority peak that is preceded and/or followed by a sequence of segments with progressively decreasing sonority values. (Crystal 442)


ˤäƻĺι⤵ϤޤޤŵŪˡëëפΤ줤ʬۤˤʤȤȤSSG ϼƤ롥onset s ǻϤޤҲ (ex. sp-, st-, sk-) ξʤɤǤϤθ§ϵ§Ūˤ뤳ȤΤƤ뤬 SSG ϱѸˤ˰ꤷ§Ǥ롥

Crystal, David, ed. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 6th ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008. 295--96.
Hogg, Richard and C. B. McCully. Metrical Phonology: A Coursebook. Cambridge: CUP, 1987.

Referrer (Inside): [2024-10-28-1] [2013-06-19-1]

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