[2010-11-24-1]εǡRobert Cawdrey (1537/38--1604) A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ˿줿ѱѼ1ȤơѸˤǤ̾⤤ǾҲ𤷤ɽ1613ǯǤ3ǤΤΤǡǤǤϤʤ1604ǯνǤǸߤˤޤĤäƤΤ1ʤ ( Bodleian Library, shelfmark Arch. A f. 141 (2) ) ˵ŤʽʪȤʤäƤ뤬νǤ3ǤɽˤϽפʺۤ롥ǤΥȥڡξȾʬʲž褦ֻžԡˡ
A Table Alphabeticall, conteyning and teaching the true vvriting, and vnderstanding of hard vsuall English wordes, borrowed from the Hebrew, Greeke, Latine, or French. &c.
With the interpretation thereof by plaine English words, gathered for the benefit & helpe of Ladies, Gentlewomen, or any other vnskilfull persons.
ֻǼȤꡤ"words" ֻ <wordes> <words> δ֤ɤƤ롥λ餹ȡȤϸΰ̣ȤȤֻεϤ⼨ΤǤȤ뤬Cawdrey λˤϤϤʤäϤǤ롥Ѹ衤ֻɸϽ˳ΩƤäȤϤ17ȾФޤǤϤΤ褦ɤϤޤΩäƤΰ̣ǡֳΩפȤΤϤ1٤18ȾФΤȤǤ롥3ǤɽǤξȤ <words> 줵ƤΤ⤷ʽˡѸֻɸಽδĬή뤳ȤǤΤǤϤʤ
Ϣ뵭Ȥ[2010-03-30-1], [2010-02-18-1]⻲ȡ
Simpson, John. The First English Dictionary, 1604: Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2007.
[2009-08-26-1]εǡoctopus ʣȤƤϵ§Ū octopuses ̤Ǥꡤoctopi octopodes ʤɤΡָŵ˴ŤԵ§ʣϡߤǤʳŪŪʶ̤ˤѤʤȹͤƤ褤ΤȤϡ¿γؽԱѱѼŵ octopuses ΤߤƤ뤳Ȥ狼롥פȽҤ٤ octopodes ˤĤƤoctopi ˤĤƤϽפ褦
־ǡ֥λפ˴ؤ뵭Ĥε̾ Owning Octopi Ǥ롥ʣ octopi ˼椫ɤǤߤ顤Ƥ⤪⤷äΤʾ341ۤɤεΤʤˤ⤦1 octopi ƤΤǴʤä§ octopuses Ϥ¿5ۤɻȤƤoctopi ϳΤ˥ޥʡ֤ǤϤ뤬̾˺ѤƤȤȤյCOD11 ( The Concise Oxford English Dictionary 11th ed. ) ˤ octopi ϸѤȤƤΤѤȤСޥʡ֤Ǥ뤳ȡɼԤ椭Ĥ̾˵뿷Ȥϸߤ˲餫δطΤ⤷ʤ1٤ octopi ƤսˤĤơʤ octopi ʤΤϤ褯狼ʤƱ octopuses ѤƤ뤳Ȥ顤ñĴäƤʸŪưŤΤ⤷ʤ
Sealing the tank is crucial because octopuses are deft at escaping from even the smallest opening. Because octopi have no skeletal structure, they can fit through practically any gap and can even lift many lids. Sealing a tank is crucial to keeping your octopus safe. Octopuses escape in order to feed their desire to hunt. These aggressive hunters are best served by being fed live crustaceans to quell their hunger and desire to hunt.
ޤ¿γؽԱѡ octopuses ƤʤȤˤĤƤ⽤ɬפOxford, Collins COBUILD, Macmillan μˤϳΤ octopi ϵܤƤʤLongman, Cambridge, Merriam-Webster μˤ octopi ʣȤƵܤƤ롥¼ϤǤ octopi ϵܤƤ롥
˥ѥĴ٤ƤߤBNC ǤΥҥåȿˤĤƤ[2009-08-26-1]ǾҲ𤷤̤Corpus of Contemporary American English (BYU-COCA) Ǥ octopuses 128octopi 36줿OANC (Open American National Corpus) Ǥ octopuses 4octopi 2Ǥ롥 OANC γƷ֤1㤺Ĥ octopi θѤλŦȤʸ̮ǸƤ롥ä COCA Ǥߤ¤ꡤǶϤʤ˻ȤƤ褦
Ϣʸǡ20Ⱦʸˡ伭ӤƥƥͳԵ§ʣ̻Ū˵§Ƥ椯Ĵ٤Ȥ뤬20Ⱦˤ octopi ϳ̵ǤϤʤޤΩʤ¸ߤäʸˡǤ Jespersen ˸ڤä餤Ǥ롥⤷20ȾʤκǶλ octopi λѤƤȤȤͤ롥-s ؤε§ʤǡԵ§ʣ minor trend Ȥ褹ή줬ƤΤ⤷ʤ
Hotta, Ryuichi. "Thesauri or Thesauruses? A Diachronic Distribution of Plural Forms for Latin-Derived Nouns Ending in -us." Journal of the Faculty of Letters: Language, Literature and Culture 106 (2010): 117--36.
Jespersen, Otto. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part 2. Vol. 1. 2nd ed. Heidelberg: C. Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1922.
ʱѸؽȤĤEnglish Language: All about the English languageμΥȤ¿뤬ȥåפ˱ѸˤȱѸñˤޤȤޤäƤΤܤ
English language History
English language Statistics
ԤαѸˤβʸ "Middle English" ǡѸαѸ ( see reestablishment_of_english ) Υޥȸ50ǯ餤ȻϤޤäƤȤҤä
Various contemporary sources suggest that within fifty years most of the Normans outside the royal court had switched to English, with French remaining the prestige language largely out of social inertia. For example, Orderic Vitalis, a historian born in 1075 and the son of a Norman knight, said that he only learned French as a second language.
ѸˤȤˤäդդ̱٥뤫²٥뤫ѤξŪŪʤɡˤäλ٤ѤäƤΤαѸˤǤϥեΤӤλ夬ΤŪĹ³ȵҤ뤳Ȥ¿ä褦˻פ¤ȤƤϾβʸˤȤꡤɤǤϽ̱μѾ塤ѸϰŪʸäΤǤꡤλ¤ĴƤȤϽפȻפ
ѸפˤĤƤܥ֥Ǥ statistics γƵǼ夲ƤʲΤΤ϶äʤˤȤäƽ鼪ä
English is the language of navigation, aviation and of Christianity; it is the ecumenical language of the World Council of Churches
Five of the largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC and CBC) transmit in English, reaching millions and millions of people all over the world
Of the 163 member nations of the U.N., more use English as their official language than any other. . . . After English, 26 nations in the U.N. cite French as their official tongue, 21 Spanish and 17 Arabic.
People who count English as their mother tongue make up less than 10% of the world's population, but possess over 30% of the world's economic power
ŪŵϼƤʤޤ2010ǯߤιϢ192Ǥꡤ嵭3ܤ163˴Ťפ1990ǯ餤λǤοͤ⤷ʤ see United Nations member States - Growth in United Nations membership, 1945-present )
ΥȤˤ¾ˤ English Dictionaries English Literature ʤɤΥڡ롥
ϸ츻ͿƤ륪饤Ҳ𤷤Ūʥ饤αѸ츻 Online Etymology Dictionary ̤Υ饤θ츻ˤʤΤ롥Ѹ츻̤CGIʰǡɤ
(1) ͣܳɥ饤츻
Online Etymology Dictionary: Douglas Harper ˤܳŪʸ츻ǯꡥѸ츻̤CGIʰǡǤ⤪äˤʤäƤޤᡥ
(2) 츻ٶˤʤ뤪μ
Dictionary.com: ǯꡥThe Random House dictionary Collins English Dictionary ʤɤʣμεҤ٤Τᡥ
The Free Dictionary: American Heritage Dictionary of the English Dictionary Collins English Dictionary ˴Ťʷʸ츻٤ޤthesaurus ξäƤͭѡñʤǤʤϢ줬ΤǡˤΩġᡥ
Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary: Ϸθ츻Ȥͭѡǯꡥ
ڡ륯θ츻ŵ: ܸʬ䤹ϢΰФΤǡѤǤ롥
(3) ̣ʤɤΤĤǤ˸츻ڤΤꤿȤ
Oxford Dictionaries Online - English Dictionary and Thesaurus: Ϸޤμ˴ʷʸ츻ꡥOrigin ɤߤ䤹
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913 + 1828): ܳɼʵǡˤθ츻
HyperDictionary.com: Ʊ Webster (1913) θ츻thesaurus ξäƤΤʤȤ⡥
Wiktionary: ʷʸ츻Ƭ˸츻롥
MSN Encarta Dictionary: ʷʸ츻
(4) 츻˴ؤɤʪ
Etymologically Speaking: 츻Ʀŵ228줷ʤơǫꡤȤƤɤʪȤ
hellog θ츻: ܥ֥Ǥⲿȸ츻Ū˰äƤΤǡܥå "etymology " ʡϱñˤʤɤȤȰäΤ뤫⤷ʤ
2008ǯ˥ꥫϷǼ Merriam-Webster ܳŪ EFL ѤαѱѼ Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's English Dictionary ( MWALED ) Ǥ줿ε[2010-08-23-1]Ǥ饤Ҳ𤷤ʲ˸ܥåŽդ
| Keyword | GA | RP | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| lot | /lɑt/ | /lɒt/ | bomb, cot |
| palm | /pɑːm/ | /pɑːm/ | balm, father |
| thought | /θɔːt/ | /θɔːt/ | caught, taught |
| cloth | /clɔːθ/ | /clɒθ/ | loss, soft |
ޤɽŪѤ뤳ȤäȥäȤϤʤäꥫϷǼ Merriam-Webster Merriam-Webster Online ν¿˶äUnabridged Dictionary ͭӥʲΤΤϥեѤǤ롥
Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary
Thesaurus
Medical Dictionary
Learner's Dictionary: 2008ǯǤΥꥫȯΥꥫѸ EFL Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's English Dictionary ( MWALED ) б륪饤ǡʲθܥå鸡ǽǶᡤϷޤΥꥹ EFL LDOCE5 OALD7 ) ϸ츻ϤƤ뤬MWALED ϸ츻ϽŻ뤷Ƥʤ褦
[2010-04-03-1]θ츻ȴCGIβǡƱ Online Etymology DictionaryΡְǡפʣθθ츻Ȥ11Ϥ줿ñꥹȤѰդʲΥƥȥꥢ Go 1ǤȤΤǡ¾塤Ǥξ̸ߴ¿Ȼ֤뤷ФôΤա
ƤޤޤݤˤʤäƤ椯
ŻҼϤΤȡǤWebѤǤѸ켭ڤʤۤɽФƤꡤμ˰äΤȤƤ϶äˤʤäޤWebΤʤǤ⡤ĿŪ˻Ȥ¿ѱѼ Dictionary.com Ǥ롥ʣμǤƤΡֶɤפǽǤ롥ޤؤʸ츻 "Word Origin & History" ȤΤǡΤ˻Ȥ뤳Ȥ⤢롥츻ʸäͭѤʤΤǡñưۿƤ륵ӥ "Word of the Day" ˤϿƤ롥
äȤ⡤츻ȤΤǤС"Word Origin & History" Ǥ Online Etymology Dictionary ľܸΤϤ䤤(c) 2001-2010 Douglas Harper ˤѸ츻ΥȤǡñǤ⽽ʬ˴ñʤΤּλ¿ʾϤʤȤꤢ츻ߤפȤʻΡ˵ʶۤΥˡбȯץȤäƻȤäƤ롥ä˽ǯɤθ줫Ƥ뤫¨¤ΤꤿȤ˽Ƥ롥
ΥץȤCGIǤʲ˺äƤߤñ Online Etymology Dictionary θ̤츻Ҥʬ̤ΤΡŻҸǽˤʤȡɤɤݤˤʤäƤ椯
Ѹθø椢뤤ϱѸäŪʤȤˡĤ롥ĤϼǤꡤ⤦ĤϡŻҡ˥ѥǤ롥̤ΥƥȤȤ϶Ȥ⤢뤬ǤϤβǽϹͤʤȤˤ롥ŪʴѸθ˴ؿΤϡȤ櫓 OED μŻǡˤˤäˤʤ뤳Ȥ¿The Helsinki Corpus of English Texts (Diachronic Part) ϤȤŻҥѥäȳѤ٤ȼǧƤ롥
ϸȸˤޤĤ뤳ȤòʪʤΤǡŻǤѤС֤ξƤϤޤäˤפȤ̿ˤϤäݤǡŻҥѥ̾øòƤ櫓ǤϤʤ츦̤˶ȤƽǤƤ롥øˤŻҥѥΤۤͭѤǤ륱ϾʤʤBaayen and Lieber (803) ˤȡøˤ륳ѥϰʲ̤ꡥ
(1) ѥǸȡ٤Τ뤳ȤǤ롥Ǥ٤Ϥ狼ʤ
(2) ѥθѤȿǤƤꡤ˷ǺܤʤޤǤǽ⤤ʼϰ̤ݼŪʷ¯俷ޤǤʤȤ¿
(3) դ˼˷ǺܤƤƤ⥳ѥǤϥҥåȤʤ줬¿¸ߤ롥
ޤȤȡø˥ѥѤϡä٤Ĥǽ뤳ȤǤפȤפϡȥѥ줾Ĺû來ޤǡŪ˱ξԤȤʬФ褤ȤȤˤʤ
ȥѥΤäȤȤƤϡoctopus ʣ ([2009-08-26-1]) rhinoceros ʣ ([2009-10-05-1]) εȡ
Baayen, Harald and Rochelle Lieber. "Productivity and English Derivation: A Corpus-Based Study." Linguistics 29 (1991): 801--43.
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