hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     ڡ 1 2 3 4 5 6 ڡ / page 5 (6)

dictionary - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2012-10-18 Thu

#1270. ͥåȥβĻ벽ġ켭 [web_service][thesaurus][link][synonym][dictionary][polysemy]

[2010-08-11-1]ε#471. toilet ˭٤նɽ WordNet Visuwords Ǥߤפǡ饤ѤǤͥåȥβĻ벽ġ2Ҳ𤷤ƱݤΥġȤ WordNet Υǡ١˴Ť Graph Words ɲäʲˡϢġΥ󥯤󤲤Ƥ

Graph Words: ե꡼Ϥץ롥
Visuwords: ե꡼ϤŤäƤ롥
Visual Thesaurus: ͭȥ饤뤢ꡥϤŤäƤ롥

碌ơǤ̾켭ŵ⥪饤˭٤˥Ǥ뤬Ĥ󤲤Ƥ

Merriam-Webster Thesaurus: Ȥ˭٤췲롥
The Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia: ĤƤꡤñؽˤ褤
Thesaurus.com: ᤯ꥹȤ롥
HyperDictionary.com: Ʊ

ꥹȤؤ륹ɥμ񥽥եȥȤƤϡʲΤΤѤ뤳Ȥ롥

WordWebѸ켭񥽥եȥȤƿ͵롥
TheSage's English Dictionary and Thesaurus󥿡ե줤

˱Ѹ켭ŵϡʲġ

HTOED (Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary)
TOE (A Thesaurus of Old English)

ͥåȥβĻ벽ġ򤤤äƤ뤦ˡñ˥ɤ˴ϢäΥͥåȥ򼨤ΤȤƤǤʤɤθι򼨤ΤȤѤ뤳ȤǤ뤳Ȥȯ㤨СGraph Words ¿ "star" ΥͥåȥƤߤȡ褽̤Ȥ˻ޤΥ롼פǤƤ뤳Ȥ狼롥Ƹñִˤ뼨ȤǤϤ뤬ӤäݤפƤȤʰʲϲ򥯥åˡ

Graph Words for "star"

"star" Τ褦¿ˤĤƤϡĻ벽ġϸι򸫤Ƥ롤ΥġȤƤͭʤΤǤϤʤ

Referrer (Inside): [2021-05-30-1] [2013-03-29-1]

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2012-07-31 Tue

#1191. Pronunciation Search [pronunciation][web_service][cgi][ame][dictionary]

ֻǤϤʤȯǰŻҡ˼ϤĤ뤬ȯĸˤʤɤŪˤϡҤȤĻȤ꤬äˡܳŪʥꥹȤȤϡڤñ󤷤ʤɤŪŪˤϡäȴؤ˻Ȥ븡ġ뤬ߤǡGrady Ward's Moby ɤǤ Moby Pronunciator ΰ̥ե˴ޤޤƤ롤̵̵¤Ѳǽȯǡ١ The Carnegie Mellon Pronouncing Dictionary ߤˤȯġΥǡ١110935ĤΥȥ꡼ʤ륢ꥫѸȯǤ3MBʾ夢ǡեˡ

    


λϡCarnegie Mellon Pronouncing Dictionary ȯɽФɽͿȤͤǤ롥ȯɽϰʲ̤ꡥǴ֤ȾѥڡǶڤƤ롥ޤ첻ɽ³ 0 (no stress), 1 (primary stress), 2 (secondary stress) Ǽ롥㤨Сdictionary ȯɽϡ"D IH1 K SH AH0 N EH2 R IY0" ʤɤȤʤ롥ʤȯϡ[2012-06-29-1]εǸ#1159. MRC Psycholinguistic Database Searchפεǽ1Ѥ뤳ȤǤ롥

PhonemeExampleTranslation
AAoddAA D
AEatAE T
AHhutHH AH T
AOoughtAO T
AWcowK AW
AYhideHH AY D
BbeB IY
CHcheeseCH IY Z
DdeeD IY
DHtheeDH IY
EHEdEH D
ERhurtHH ER T
EYateEY T
FfeeF IY
GgreenG R IY N
HHheHH IY
IHitIH T
IYeatIY T
JHgeeJH IY
KkeyK IY
LleeL IY
MmeM IY
NkneeN IY
NGpingP IY NG
OWoatOW T
OYtoyT OY
PpeeP IY
RreadR IY D
SseaS IY
SHsheSH IY
TteaT IY
THthetaTH EY T AH
UHhoodHH UH D
UWtwoT UW
VveeV IY
WweW IY
YyieldY IY L D
ZzeeZ IY
ZHseizureS IY ZH ER

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2012-07-18 Wed

#1178. MED Spelling Search [dictionary][cgi][web_service]

MED (Middle English Dictionary) 2001ǯ˥饤󲽤Ƥ顤ѸθĶϤȤƤĤʤˤʤäФȰ֤θ˴ؤƤϡ̾Υ󥿡եΤۤɽб󥿡եѰդƤꡤͳ٤⤤
θ̤νϤ⡤ФȤΥȥ꡼ؤΥ󥯤ĥƤǡ֤μˤؤǤ롥ǧˤϡȥ꡼ʸФʤФʤʤǡPerl5ɽбϷ̤ǸФȤȤ˰֤ǧǤ븡ġֻܤMEDˤɤ
оݤϡγƥȥ꡼ "headword and forms" ʬǤ롥ɽǤϡ첻դ줿ĹûΤ̵뤵롥<æ, Æ> <A>, <þ, Þ, ð, ð> <T>, <ȝ, Ȝ> <3>, <œ> <O> ȤƸʸ˻Ǥ롥Ȥơ̤θФ측ˤ "^taken\b" -li ˤ "li\b \(adv\.\)" ΰϽˡ

    

Referrer (Inside): [2014-11-19-1] [2013-04-16-1]

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2012-07-03 Tue

#1163. 饤åǡ١ DICT.ORG [web_service][dictionary][lexicology][link]

The DICT Development Group ˤ DICT.ORG ϡ־͡ʸåǡ١伭Ѥ뤿Ūʻͤ󶡤륵ӥǤ롥ϿƤåǡ١Ѥ륤󥿡ե
Ȥϸåǡ١ȸƤŬڤʤΤϡȯʤɤͿƤȤϡʼȤֻξˤΰΤդŪǹԤʤøΤˡñꥹȤΤΩġ
DICT.ORG ѤǤ뼭ϥ饤ǸƤ̵ΤΤ¿åǡ١ȤƤλѤȤСǽŪˤϽʬǤ롥ˡ"strategy" ȸƤФ롨ʲȡˤϡŻҼʤɤǤߤΡֻδסססʬפΤۤɽⴰ˥ݡȤƤꡤֻθФ Levenshtein distance Soundex algorithm Ƥ롥

 Strategy   Description
---------   -----------
    first : Match the first word within headwords
    exact : Match headwords exactly
       re : POSIX 1003.2 (modern) regular expressions
     last : Match the last word within headwords
  nprefix : Match prefixes (skip, count)
  soundex : Match using SOUNDEX algorithm
      lev : Match headwords within Levenshtein distance one
     word : Match separate words within headwords
   suffix : Match suffixes
   regexp : Old (basic) regular expressions
substring : Match substring occurring anywhere in a headword
   prefix : Match prefixes

Ϥ˥ץǤꡤޤ˸ΰȤκۤʤΤǡΰ򽦤夲ơ̤θåġꤲȤȤǤ롥øΩĥġȯ뤿Υ١ȤѤǤΤǤϤʤ־Υ󥿡եΤۤ뤫ϡPerl ǽ񤫤줿 dict Ȥ饤ȤʤɤͳѤǤ롥
DICT.ORG ϡѸθåǡ١伭ؤΩĥ󥯤ĥƤä Dictionary Database Site Other Database Information Linguistic Data Resources on the Internet: Dictionaries, Lexica, and Lexical Resources ξͭѡ

Referrer (Inside): [2018-08-24-1]

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2012-01-08 Sun

#986. COCA "WORD AND PHRASE . INFO" [coca][corpus][dictionary][synonym][collocation][semantic_prosody][intensifier][web_service]

COCA ( Corpus of Contemporary American English ) 򱿱Ĥ Mark Davies ᤬ǯˡCOCA١Ǹ˴ؤǤ륵ӥ WORD AND PHRASE . INFO lemma ٤Ǿ60,000˸¤ˤϤȡ뤴Ȥ٤䤽Υ󥳡󥹡饤ϤȤꡤWordNet ˴Ť췲ޤǤ̾˸롥ۤȤɤιܤåǽǡʤ뵡ǽؤȥǤ롥󥿡եľŪǻȤ䤹
츦 collocation ˤΩĻͤˤʤäΤǤϤʤ㤨Сsemantic_prosody 򰷤ä[2011-03-12-1]ε#684. semantic prosody ʸˡƥ꡼פǡո utterly, absolutely, perfectly, totally, completely, entirely, thoroughly ˤĤƤθҲ𤷤WORD AND PHRASE . INFO utterly ϤС췲ɥ˰롥ȤϡƸ򥯥åƤ椯ǡ٤ collocation ξܺ٤롥Τ褦ĤΤ˸̤ȯ

utterly by WORD AND PHRASE . INFO

Referrer (Inside): [2012-03-03-1]

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2011-12-05 Mon

#952. Etymology Search [etymology][dictionary][cgi][web_service][metathesis][blend][dissimilation]

search mode: non-regex regex
search range: word-form definition (in one-line regex only)


[2010-04-03-1]Ѹ츻̤CGIξ̸ߴǤ롤[2010-04-23-1]Ѹ츻̤CGIʰǡΤ˾̸ߴȤʤ롤¿ǽǡEtymology Searchפ󸻤ϰ³ Online Etymology Dictionary
ǤǿΤϡ̾θˤ븡˲äɽˤ븡ǽˤȡФȤ̤ʸ츻θǽˤȤ
ΤȤ "non-regex" "word-form" ȤƸȡ̾θФ측Ȥʤ롥ޤԤǶڤ줿ʣñꤹСб츻Ҥ롥
search mode Ȥ "regex" ꤹȡperl5 ɽʲԶڤʣġˤѤǽȤʤ롥ɽȤСΰΤߤ˥ޥåơ¿θ򽦤ФȤǽ
ˡsearch range "definition (in one-line regex)" ꤹСʸ츻ʸоݤȤƸǤ롥εǽǤϡsearch mode ͤˤ餺ưŪɽʲԶڤˤʣɽꤹ뤳ȤԲġˤȤʤΤա"(?i)" ɽƬղäСcase-intensive εǽȤʤ롥㤨СΤ褦ʸͭѤ⤷ʤ

žФʤ⤷ʤ˸
(?i)\bmetathesis
Фʤ⤷ʤ
(?i)\bblend(s|ed|ing|ings)\b
۲Фʤ⤷ʤ˸
(?i)\bdissimilat
ܸ줫μѸʤ⤷ʤ˸
(?i)\bJapanese\b

Referrer (Inside): [2021-04-04-1] [2014-04-20-1]

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2011-11-20 Sun

#937. (3) [productivity][morphology][word_formation][affix][dictionary]

[2011-11-18-1], [2011-11-19-1]˰³ˤĤơεˤ͡¦̤ȤȤ򸫤ƤŪ¬ʤˤϡɤ¬Ф褤Τ㤨Сƻ줫̾ -ness ˤ¬ꤹˤϤɤФ褤Τ
ñ˹ͤȡ򻲾Ȥ -ness 夲Ȥˡ󤲤뤫⤷ʤǤΤ¬뤳ȤϤǤʤʤ

(1) 񤴤Ȥ˷ǺܤƤ -ness οϤޤޤǤ롥[2011-11-05-1]ε#922. ʤ񤷤 (5)פϤȤ γƵǿ줿褦ˡϤ줾ȼˤԻƤꡤɤ򤹤뤫ˤäƿ夲ۤʤǽ롥
(2) ϡܼޤ¸θο˰¸ȤϡषܼźäˤäŪʸο˰¸ȹͤ롥ŪʸϼˤϺܤäƤʤΤǡ򻲾ȤƤ̵̣Ǥ롥
(3) ι⤤ϡ̣ˤƩι⤤ʡͽ¬ǽι⤤˸Ǥ ([2011-11-18-1]) ͽ¬ǽ⤤ȤȤϡθ줬˷Ǻܤɬפºݤ˷Ǻܤ뤳ȤʤȤȤǤ롥㤤ϡ̣ˤƩ㤤ʡͽ¬ǽ㤤˸ǤꡤθϤҤȤ⼭˷Ǻܤ٤ǤȤȤˤʤ롥Ĥޤꡤʲε⤬Ω롥"[L]ess productive processes would be represented by more entries in the dictionary than more productive processes!" (Lieber 66) .

㤨СΤɤμ bovine ʥΡˤб̾ bovineness ǺܤƤʤȤä -ness ʬ㤤ȤСषդǤ롥ˤǺܤɬפʤۤɤˡ-ness ˤ̾Ūˤ̣ŪˤƩȤȤǤꡤ⤤ȤȤ
Τ¬뤳Ȥ񤷤Τϡ줬ֲμӡפǤϤʤ־򸫹ϡפλɸǤ롥

Lieber, Rochelle. Introducing Morphology. Cambridge: CUP, 2010.

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2011-11-05 Sat

#922. ʤ񤷤 (5) [word][dictionary][lexicography][mental_lexicon]

ɸˤĤơ##910,911,912,921 ε³ԡؤθԤ㳰ʤ񹥤ʹ֤ŪǤϤʤȤȤ褯ΤäƤ롥ʬȤϲȤˤ䤤ФΤʤˤ⤫餺Ի˴ؤǽ餢뤫
Τμ (dictionary) ϡȸ¤ŶλʪǤꡤǾθϿ (lexicon) ȿǤƤ櫓ǤϤʤԤϡޤǸŪʽȿǤصŪʸåꥹȤǤ롥ȤΤϡԻԤϡԽ˺ݤưʲξ뤫Ǥ롥Lieber (27) ꡤԻԤθʤФʤʤѤ褦

the size of the dictionary, which determines the number of words it can hold;
the intended audience of the dictionary (adults, children, language learners, etc.);
whether a word has a sufficiently broad base of usage;
whether it's likely to last;
whether it's too specialized or technical for the intended audience;
for a word borrowed from another language, whether it's assimilated enough to be considered part of English.


ǯ online dictionary ζδˤꡤԹȤμεϹĤĤ롥online ȤϤɤ⡤ȤƤɼԤоݤȤʾ塤¾ξʤ
Τμ¿쾯ʤʣθѼԤ򥿡åȤˤ뤬mental lexicon ϸѼ԰ͤĤ¸ߤΤǤ롥ξԤĴ¤ȤȼΤ̵ʸʤΤ⤷ʤdictionary (mental) lexicon ȤѸδ֤˲ͤΰ㤤ǧ뤳ȤפǤ롥

Lieber, Rochelle. Introducing Morphology. Cambridge: CUP, 2010.

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2011-11-04 Fri

#921. ʤ񤷤 (4) [word][dictionary][lexicography][oed][mental_lexicon]

[2011-10-26-1]ε#912. ʤ񤷤 (3)פ (2) ǿ줿ˤϰ̣ԾܤǤˤ⤫餺ФȤƷǤƤΤꤦ롥ΰ̣ԾܤǤȤȤϼԻԤξǤȤǽӽǤʤˤ衤θ줬ŪΤƤʤǤȤȤ϶餯ְ㤤ʤ
OED ǤϡΤ褦ʸ줬ʤȤ77ĤϿƤ롥ʲϡOED "meaning obscure" 뤤 "obscure meaning" ȤɤˤФ줿Ǥ롥Lieber (26) ǤϡOED ǤƱθˤ87줬Ф줿ȤƤ뤬ˤϸ1ĤΤߤ̣ȤΤޤޤƤ롥Ȥӽ̤77

cremitoried (ppl. a.), †emporture (v.), †gestyll (v.), †leary (a.), †leg-saw, †minority waiter, notchet, †rag (v.4), †reordi (a.), †reprobitant (a.), †resaille, †residence (v.), †rok, †romb (v.), †rompering, †rownfol(d, †rubell, †rum (n.3), †ruvell, †ryne2, scuncheon anglers, -crest, †sheer-point, short-coat vicarage, †shreake, shuffle-breeches, †sidder (v.), †sithy-coat, †skyvald, †slampamb, †slope (v.3), †smazky (a.), †spanner2, †sparth2, †spen (n.), †spencer (v.), †spene (n.), †sperring (vbl. n.), †sperware, †splet (n.), †splete, †spleyer, †spyccard, †squaleote (v.), †squalm, †squirgliting (a.), †start-rope, †strothe (a.), †threte (n.), †thwerl (v.), †traythly (adv.), †trice (n.3), umbershoot, †unbrede (v.), †uncape (v.), †underdrawn (ppl. a.), †uniable (a.), †unthwyuond (pres. pple.), †untwitten (ppl. a.), †val-dunk, †ver (n.2), †verge-salt, †verling-line, †versing box, †very(e), †vezon, †viridary (a.), †vitremyte, †vounde (a.), †vowgard, †vrycloth, †wandclot, †way-flax, Welsh brief, †werder, †wesel, †wranchevel, †wrast (? n.)


71줬ѸȤΤ¤ϤΤ褦ʸ줬˥ȥ꡼ƤȤ¤뤳ȤǤ롥dictionary θФ mental lexicon ϿɬפʤȤȤϡ㤫餫ȤϲȤ䤤ؤ򼭽ԽԤǤ櫓ˤϤʤȤȤ򼨤

Lieber, Rochelle. Introducing Morphology. Cambridge: CUP, 2010.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-08-12-1] [2014-07-20-1]

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2011-10-26 Wed

#912. ʤ񤷤 (3) [morphology][terminology][word_formation][word][dictionary][lexicology][hapax_legomenon][ghost_word]

[2011-10-24-1], [2011-10-25-1]˰³񤷤ָ뵭3ơǤñˡϰϤꤹǤľŪˡϡ򻲾Ȥ뤳ȤȻפ뤫⤷ʤθФϤ٤ơָפΤϤǤꡤ緿򻲾ȤθϿ (lexicon) 뤳ȤǤ롤ȡϰϤꤹݤˡäƤϤʤʤĤͳ롥Lieber (13--15) ˵äơ󤷤褦

(1) ϡԽԤˤäƤˤ˴ŤԤޤƤ롥ԽԤꤹˤäƤϼϿäϰϤ˺ǽꡤºݤˡФͤϼ֤ǰۤʤäƤ뤳Ȥ̤Ǥ롥ѸѸǺܤ뤫ɤ¯ŸϤɤϤɤټҲ˿ƩƤмϿĤȤߤʤ뤫ܼϸ˴ޤޤ뤫ʣϤɤޤǼ뤫ηˤơƼԽԤȼˤäƤ롥αѸ켭 OED ǤäƤ⡤ѤʤޤȼԤˤƤɤμ֤ȤŪǤ롥˸Ѥͤ뤳ȤϡʳΤܤ餻ˤβˤʤäƤʤ
(2) ˤϡ٤ʸڤʤ׻졤nonce word, hapax legomenonˤϿƤ礬롥㤨СOED Ǥ umbershoot Ȥ줬ФȤƵ󤲤ƤꡤJames Joyce Ulysses ͣ㤬Ƥ뤬 "a word of obscure meaning" Ȥ롥̤ơºŪʰ̣ˤƸȤߤʤƤ褤Τʸ Joyce Τ̤üԤȯ׻ϤɤʤΤ
(3) 㤤ָ̱츻ʤɤˤꡤְ㤨ƼǦӹǤޤäͩ (ghost word) ʤ줬롥OED ˤϡambassady ʤ hapax legomenon ϿƤ뤬 ambassade ñְ֤㤤뤤ϸǤϤʤȹͤƤ롥տȡºߤʤ⤷ʤȤƤߤʤ꤬롥üǰտŪͩȤơ"mountweazel" ȸƤФΤ롥ϡԻԤ¾μԻԤˤ뼭ˤ뤿ˡտŪ̩ͩǤꡤºߤθǤϤʤΤ褦 mountweazel ¸ߤϡŪʸϿȤѤ뤳ȤδʪäƤ롥
䤽¾θҤϡ"Is xyz a word?" Ȥ䤤ɬͿƤȤϸ¤ʤȤʬ

Lieber, Rochelle. Introducing Morphology. Cambridge: CUP, 2010.

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2011-10-13 Thu

#899. Web3 permissiveness [lexicography][webster][dictionary][variation][diatone]

2֤ε ([2011-10-11-1], [2011-10-12-1]) ǡƹαѸ켭 Web3 ħ򸫤Ƥɾɽ碌СαѸ켭˾塤Ǥ descriptive ǡǤ permissive ʼäȤȤˤʤ
ȯҤ˴ؤƤϡεǵ̤Ѽܤɸ಻ʻ30Ķ⤢ˡͥȯɬפǤꡤǤ⤢Ȥݤ롥ºݤˡǶᡤΤΥȰ֤ʣμˤäĴ٤ȤȤԤʤäƤΤWeb3 variation ˭٤ϷȴƤWeb3 ŪȯΤȤŪ˸ƤʤȤڤ˴
Ū˽Ҥ٤ȡܥ֥Ǥⲿ٤äƤΡ̾ưײˤĤ (see diatone) 1δ֤ζѲ򼭽ˤäɤȤξѼ򰷤äꥫѸ줫ϰʲ4ĤμǶεҤӤ

Web1913 = Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary. Ed. Noah Porter. Online version published on 9 January 1997 at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters . Merriam, 1913.
PDAE = Kenyon, John Samuel and Thomas Albert Knott, eds. A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam, 1951.
Web3 = Gove, Philip Babcock, ed. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam, 1961. (In this survey I used the CD-ROM version [2000] based on the 1961 unabridged edition.)
AHD4 = The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 4th ed. \ Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006.

ʲϡ̾ư岽η򼨺14ˤĤơ񤴤Ȥ˶εҤޤȤ᤿ΤǤ롥"o" "oxytone"ʸβ˶ˡ"p" "paroxytone" β˶ˤ򼨤Web3 Ǥϡ"p, o" "o, p" ¿ɤ˶򤪤ƤĤȸФǤ롥ĴλȤƤϡȤ櫓ŪȯŻ뤹Ȥˤä櫓ǤϤʤΤľʤȤޤ permissive ʵҤ򼨤Ȳ˺٤ȡäǤ롥ɡʸ (forthcoming) ǤϼεϼȵҼˤĤưҤ٤ˤϤʤä

WORDPOSWeb1913PDAEWeb3AHD4
declinenounooo, po
declineverboooo
dismountnoun--oop
dismountverboooo
disputenounooo, po
disputeverboooo
employnounooo, po
employverboooo
entailnounooo, po
entailverboooo
rebuffnounooo, po
rebuffverboooo
replaynoun--op, op
replayverb--ooo
reportnounooo, po
reportverboooo
retortnounoooo, p
retortverboooo
retouchnounoop, oo, p
retouchverboooo
revisenounooop, o
reviseverboooo
romancenounoo, po, po, p
romanceverbooo, po
surmisenounoo, po, po
surmiseverboooo
trajectnounopp--
trajectverboooo

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2011-10-12 Wed

#898. OED2 Web3 оɽ [lexicography][webster][dictionary][oed]

ε#897. Web3 νǤ50ǯ ([2011-10-11-1]) ǡꥫαѸ켭κǹǤ Web3 ɾȽˤĤƸڤꥹˤαѸ켭 OED2 ӤȤɤΤ褦ħħΰƱˤƤȻפäΤǡ߷ (44--45) ˷ǺܤƤоɽʲ˷Ǻܤ롥Τ褦˰ȡ㤤褯Ƥ롥

 OED2Web3
ǯʴ1928112+1ˡNew Suppl. 1986, 4ˡ198922019091, 19342, 19613
ǿ22,0002,662ǡ2002ǯǤǤ2,806ǡ
Ƿ3022.5cm32.524.0cm
Ͽ464ʤ縫Ф35462002ǯǤǤ476ˡWeb2: 55?66
24020
ԽŪ (prescriptive) λŪؤαƶϡǯθ󡨽ǯȤŪҴŪҼι¤ؤαƶϡʰǯθ󡨽ǯ
Ф1150ǯʸθ줹٤ƼϿȾΤ1755ǯʸθϿʤŸ졦Ѹ2ޤ)Web2: 1500ǯʹߡ Chaucer ޤˡʳصѸŻISV٥ˡưΩ
ƻʸɡʶϡ˼800̾400?500̾1001928ǯǡˡ100̾1986ǯǡʤ
ѡʸغʽŻ(240)Shakes. 33,303Bible 5,725Milton 12,485̣餫ˤΤΩʸ
ˡ٥ (register)ܺٻؼŤ˾öŪcolloq, informal, illit., erron. ʤɤѤˡޤԱѡաԹաԥʥդʤɤФƤȤˡơդѤʤ
ԽϤ뤬ܺ٤ʾͿʷ鵭
ȯɸѲʹݲɸʸˤɽѼܤɸ಻ʻ30Ķ⤢ˡͥȯɬ
Ѳΰ֤򼨤Ѥθɸʻ
ܺ٤ʰ̣ʬset (v.) 20ǡ154ʬɴʻŵŪä (cf. hotel) set (v.) 1̤
޲ʤ3Web2 Ǥ12ˡ޲ޤ
̾̾ʤgazetteer 36顨biographical 13


߷ ˧ͺԡˡؼѸ졦١ұѸʸꡡ8ҡ2006ǯ

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2011-10-11 Tue

#897. Web3 νǤ50ǯ [lexicography][webster][dictionary]

Web3 ȤΤ롤ɤⰭŪʥꥫθؤμϡǯǽ50ǯޤ50ǯζڤˡ20αѸ켭񳦤򴬤ŪʼˤĤơʥӥ塼 New York Times ˴Ƥ줿Geoffrey Numberg ˤ뤽εϡ When a Dictionary Could Outrage ǥ饤ˤƱɤǤ롥
Web3 ᤰϡϼŪ (prescriptive) ʼȤɾι⤫äǤ١ҼŪ (descriptive) ʼؤѤꤷžäƤθʸäŪ˥ꥫǤϼ˵ϤĬäWeb3 Խ Gove ϡεŪ¤ؤĬή˾뤳ȤΤˡWeb3 εҤˤϹ¤ؤηΤʤ̩ʼˡȿǤƤꡤؼԤɾϸߤ˻ޤǹ⤤ꥫˤˤƽƤΡ֤ȤФμפȤɾʹ롥ꥫѸħ븢ҤȵϤΤ뼭οǤ˾Ǥΰ̤ξԤˤȤäƤϡGove ο֤΢ڤ԰٤ȱǤäꥫѸüԤ¿Ƥϡдְ㤤ʤˡ򤹤롤ѽȤƤμäWeb3 ѤѤ⺮碌Τ褦ʡɸŪʸˡˤޤ˴Ƥʡޤ˵ŪʼȤƸ줿ΤǤ롥
ξΩΤǷ㤷깭줿ǤΩɾȽ⤫äȤβмȤˤʤäǤǯ1962ǯˤ62Ԥɾȯɽ줿Ȥ顤ȿ礭Τ롥ФмԺȤΥåƥŽ졤Web3 ˤȤäƤ϶λλϤޤȤʤäȵϤȤǺ߿硹Ū󵯤ȼΤꥫˤ Webster ΰҿʪäƤ褦˻פ롥
Web3 ŪյˤĤơNumberg ϼ2ä礷Ƥ롥

It introduced the words "prescriptivist" and "descriptivist" into the cultural conversation, and fixed the battle lines for the ritualized squabble over standards that persists across media old and new.


[T]he furor over Webster's Third also marked the end of an era. It's a safe bet that no new dictionary will ever incite a similar uproar, whatever it contains. . . . [N]ow all is legitimated under the rubric of pop culture.


Web3 ˤäơҼꥫαѸ켭񳦤Τߤʤ餺ꥫŤˤΤϤ뤳ȤˤʤäѸ켭˸ꤷƤ⡤ϼव줿櫓ǤϤʤȤƼεŪҤ礭Ȥ¤ѤäƤʤҤȵ --- ˤư񤷤θʸ󵯤50ǯܲ Web4 ԻϤޤäƤȤǤ롥
饤ǡ2009ǯ Ain't That the Truth: Webster's Third: The Most Controversial Dictionary in the English Language ʤӥ塼⸫ĤΤǡȤ줿

Gove, Philip Babcock, ed. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam, 1961.
߷ ˧ͺԡˡؼѸ졦١ұѸʸꡡ8ҡ2006ǯ43--45ǡ

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2011-09-13 Tue

#869. Wright's English Dialect Dictionary [dialect][lexicography][lmode][edd][dictionary]

εEDD Online ([2011-09-12-1]) EDD Online Ҳ𤷤ޤ English Dialect Dictionary ΤΤˤĤΤäƤʤлȤʤʤȤΤȤ˵Ťǡˤ狼Ĵ٤
Joseph Wright (1855--1930) ϡOxford ؤ Max Müller θǤȤӸؤ򶵤ٳؤǤ롥ɥĤ Heidelberg ؤˤƥꥷ첻θιѹäϥޥӸؤűѸ졤Ѹʸŵ¿ɮɥӸؤο򤤤᤯ѹӤ礭ɾƤ롥
Wright αѸؤˤι׸ϡSkeat Furnivall Խ졤λꤸƴ EDD ǤȤäƴְ㤤ʤ65400Ǥˤ10θФ50ʸޤޤ졤OED 䴰Ѹ켭ȤߤʤȤǤ롥Wright Ȥ Preface (v) ǽҤ٤Ƥ "the largest and most comprehensive Dialect Dictionary ever published in any country" ϡߤǤѤ⤤EDD ϿƤΤϡդεҤˤ "COMPLETE VOCABULARY OF ALL DIALECT WORDS STILL IN USE, OR KNOWN TO HAVE BEEN IN USE DURING THE LAST TWO HUNDRED YEARS" Ǥ롥ȤƤ϶Ѹ򤹤äݤʤäƤ롥
Markus Wright's English Dialect Dictionary computerised: towards a new source of information ˤȡEDD β͡ƥǥ벽줿 EDD Online ΰյϡ3Ĥʬع׸ǤǽƤˤȤ3ʬȤϡhistorical dialectology, historical spoken English, historical linguistics (esp. lexicology) Ǥ롥ѸˤǤϼŪȤƤʬͳϸԤδؿηǡȤϡ椹뤿ƻΩƤѰդƤʤäȤƶƤȻפ롥ƻǽˤʤäȤäɬ⤽ʬ夬ȤȤǤϤʤʤȤ⤳ޤǰʾ®٤Ǥʬθ椬ʤƤ椯ȤˤϤʤ³ĿͤȤƤѤǤ륷ͤƤ椭
ʤߤˡEDD ʸˡפ English Dialect Grammar (1905) ȤƴԤƤꡤWright ʬǤ벻ȷ֤ѲƤꡤͤ⤤

ãڸ ԡرѸؿ̾ŵ١ҡ1995ǯ
Wright, Joseph. The English Dialect Grammar. Oxford: OUP, 1905. Repr. 1968.

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2011-09-12 Mon

#868. EDD Online [dialect][web_service][corpus][lmode][lexicography][edd][dictionary]

޽ۤ reference corner ˡŤᤫˤμ񤬤ΤƤʬǤϤޤȤȤϤʤʤȻפäƤǯʸ˴Ϣ eyes ʡܡפʣˤбѸνѸ丽ѸǤɤΤ褦ȯãʬۤѲƤĴ٤ɬפꡤΤȤˤμ򳫤ΤƤä褦˻פʤ̤ Hotta (2005) ˤꡥ[2009-12-02-1]εeyes ɽ172ֻ̤פ⻲ȡˡJoseph Wright ˤ6Τμ The English Dialect Dictionary (EDD) Ǥ롥
ʹߤ⤿ޤ˳Ϥääزǡμ񤬥饤󲽤줿Τäפ֤ EDD ˿ɤȻפ®Ƥߤ뤳ȤˤInnsbruck ؤ Prof. Manfred Markus ǤԤ̳ SPEED (Spoken English in Early Dialects) ץȤ̤ EDD Online beta-version Ǥ롥ǤϴǤǤϤʤȤĤĤ⡤Ǥ˸εǽ˭٤˼Ƥ˭٤ƳѻڤʤۤɡˡؽѸѤ˻ѵĤ̵ǥǤ롥ѥޥ˥奢⻲ȡ
®ѵĤƥƤߤĴ٤बʤˤȤäƤϡڤ˿ǭ˾ȽᤷʡФ측 eye Ƥߤꤷơʢǰʡˡʤ"structured view" ɽȡǤꤺäȸ䤹ΤǤǤͭѡˡMarkus ᤬زǤƤ̤ꡤ͡ʸǽΤ褦Ǥ롥Ф측ʸϤΤȡdialect area ǤϸˤäƤ county ٥ϰǤ롥usage label Ǥ٥٥롤̣٥denotation, simile, synonym ʤɡˡѥ٥derogatory, slang ʤɡˤξ꤬ǽǤ롥etymology εǽäƤ롥Ȥ߹碌Сϰθ줫μѸäδطʤɤƤ뤫⤷ʤˡͤäƤϡޤ EDD ɤΤ褦ʼ񤫡EDD Online ɤΤ褦ʵǽƤΤؤФʤС
EDD ΤΤˤĤƤϡVARIENG (Research Unit for Variation, Contacts and Change in English) ˷ǺܤƤ롤Markus ˤ Wright's English Dialect Dictionary computerised: towards a new source of information 褯ޤȤޤäƤ롥

ʸ嵭2022/10/21(Fri)EDD SPEED ؤΥ󥯤ڤƤΤȯEDD Ͽɤ

Hotta, Ryuichi. "A Historical Study on 'eyes' in English from a Panchronic Point of View." Studies in Medieval English Language and Literature 20 (2005): 75--100.
Wright, Joseph, ed. The English Dialect Dictionary. 6 vols. Henry Frowde, 1898--1905.

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2011-08-22 Mon

#847. Oxford Learner's Thesaurus [lexicography][dictionary][thesaurus][lexicology][synonym][semantic_prosody]

ѸˤϿ¿켭ŵ (thesaurus) ꡤ[2010-08-11-1]εtoilet ˭٤նɽ WordNet Visuwords ǤߤפǼ褦˥饤Ǽλвġ⾯ʤ餺¸ߤ롥Ū켭ŵȤƤ⡤ǯ HTOED (Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary) TOE (A Thesaurus of Old English) Ƥꡤ趷褷Ƥ롥
Ūˤ̻ŪˤѸäθĶäƤƤ뤬ȤƤαѸγؽĶȤ켭ŵϤޤǤޤΩäƤʤäؽδβˤĤƤϡOALD LDOCE ʤɤϷ޳ؽѱѱѼϤƤƤꡤȯѤαѸؽˤΩĤ⤷⤬ƤȲòؽ켭ŵȤΤϤޤǤƤʤäͣ졤American Heritage Thesaurus for Learners of English (2002) ä餤2008ǯˤʤäɸ Oxford Learner's Thesaurus (OLT) Ǥ줿μϻμ긵ˤ⤢äޤä˶ؿϤʤռŪ˳ȤϤۤȤɤʤäǶ Komuro and Ichikawa ˤ OLT μʬϤɤǡؽ켭ŵ˶̣襤ƤħΤäƤȤפʤΤǡʲ OLT ˤĤΤäƤƤ褤Komuro and Ichikawa 򻲾Ȥʤ餤Ĥ󤲤Ƥ

OLT ϡOxford Thesaurus of English (2000, 2004) ʪǤϤʤष OALD7 (2005) Ȥδط (12) ºݤˡOALD7 ⤬¿ OLT ȿǤƤ롥ʤĤޤꡤǽ餫ؽԸ˥塼˥󥰤ƤꡤʿפǤ椤Ȥ˼꤬ϤҤԤ졤ºݤˤΤ褦ˤʤäƤ롥
OLT ˸¤ʤؽ켭ŵμ礿뵡ǽϡ"(1) make users aware of different connotations or shades of meaning synonyms have and to (2) enable users to choose and use the most appropriate word, which may not be part of their (active) vocabulary, in order to express their idea" (14)
ФϳؽԸФ줿1973ĤǡñǤʤʣ礬ФȤʤäƤ⤢ (16)
1ĤθФͿƤοϡͤȤ5--6 (26) ¿ʤؽԤˤȤäŬڡ
󤲤ƤʸϤŬڤǡCD-ROMǤǤϳФʿ3.7Ĥۤɤʸ󤲤Ƥ (29)
֤ζ̤ˤȤ櫓פ register Υ졼٥⤬̤Ȥ˽¤Ƥ (35--45) ä˲ɤʪȤƤ⤷񤫤Ƥ (45, 49)
̣ζ٤ˤäƶ̤췲ˤĤơŪ "synonym scales" ʤˡƳƤꡤؽ塤˸ŪǤ (49--52)

ΤȤ Komuro and Ichikawa "a groundbreaking learner's thesaurus (55) ȹ⤤ɾͿƤꡤä˺Ǹ "synonym scales" ɾˤĤƤϡºݤ˸ƤߤƱ㤨Сafraid synonym scale ϰʲ̤ꡥΤ褦˰ȡƬ롥

Synonym Scale of

ӥ塼ʸɤǤ줫ѶŪ OLT ѤƤߤȻפäޤѸؽΩǤ뤳Ȥϸ˵ڤФ̣θ˺ݤƤ⡤ܳŪ켭ŵ䤽¾μѤθŤơõˤȤȤݤä㤨Сsynonym scale ͿƤʲ126θФ줫Ŭ췲ӽФѥѤ semantic_prosody θ򤹤ȤΤ⤪⤷

admiration [n], afraid [a], anger [n], anger [v], angry [a], annoy [v], approval [n], bad [a], beautiful [a], cheap [a], childhood [n], close [a], cold [a], concern [n], convincing [a], crazy [a], crisis [n], defeat [v], delicious [a], delight [v], determine [v], dictate to sb [pv], disappoint [v], disapprove [v], disgusting [a], distress [n], embarrass [v], emotion [n], exciting [a], expose [v], fast [a], fat [a], fear [n], flush [v], frequent [a], friendship [n], frighten [v], frightening [a], frown [v], funny [a], gap [n], glad [a], happy [a], hate [v], hatred [n], high [av], hill [n], hot [a], hungry [a], hurt [v], hysterical [a], immediate [a], impress [v], inspire [v], interest [v], interested [a], interesting [a], ironic [a], like [v], likely [a], lonely [a], lose your temper [idiom], love [n], love [v], mad [a], magnificent [a], mean [a], mentally ill [a], minute [n], modern [a], negative [a], nice [a], odour [n], pain [n], painful [a], plain [a], please [v], pleasure [n], poor [a], possibility [n], praise [v], press [v], pressure [n], probably [adv], quite [adv], radical [a], rain [v], rape [v], recession [n], recommend [v], remarkable [a], respect [v], revenge [n], ridiculous [a], rough [a], rude [a], ruin [v], run [v], ruthless [a], sad [a], serious [a], shock [n], shock [v], show [v], small [a], smile [v], soak [v], sorry [a], star [n], strict [a], suppress [v], sure [a], surprise [v], take advantage of sb/sth [v], taste [n], tear [v], temper [n], tight [a], tired [a], ugly [a], unhappy [a], upset [a], violent [a], well [a], wet [a], worry [v]


American Heritage Thesaurus for Learners of English. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2002.
Oxford Learner's Thesaurus: A Dictionary of Synonyms. Oxford: OUP, 2008.
Komuro, Yuri and Yasuo Ichikawa. "An Analysis of the Oxford Learner's Thesaurus: A Dictionary of Synonyms." Lexicon 41 (2011): 11--59.
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. 7th ed. Oxford: OUP, 2005.

Referrer (Inside): [2021-05-30-1]

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2010-12-22 Wed

#604. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (2) [lexicography][dictionary][punctuation][inkhorn_term][cawdrey]

ε[2010-12-21-1]˰³Robert Cawdrey (1537/38--1604) A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ꡥλ˾ΰ̸ѱѼˤϡαѸ䤽줬ҲΤʤ֤Ƥ򼨺͡ʾҤޤޤƤ롥A Table Alphabeticall ˤޤĤ륨ȥȥȤǤ⤤٤¿ʲ˵

(1) [2010-12-04-1]εǰѤ褦ˡȥڡˤϡμ񤬰̱̽Τ񤷤פѸDz⤹뤳ȤݤȤƤ뤳ȤƤ롥β³1⡤ܼνǰտޤõǽפʤΤǡǤѤ褦

Whereby they may the more easilie and better vnderstand many hard English wordes, which they shall heare or read in Scriptures, Sermons, or elswhere, and also be made able to vse the same aptly themselues.


ǤϡCawdrey ԻԤǤ¼ԤǤäȡǤ Puritan ȤƶɤܤĤƺȽˤʤäƤȤطƤ롥ʤɤˤޤޤ򤤤ˤưİˤ褯򤵤뤫忴Ƥⶵ Cawdrey ΰָ̤롥ºݤˡطѸ¿ФȤƺѤƤ ( Simpson 15 )

(2) Siemens ʬˤȡʸΤˡФʻ줴Ȥ˰ι¤ǧ롥ϼˤǤפʻǤ롥Siemens ʸ Siemens: Lexicographical Method in Cawdrey DZǽ

(3) ǻȤƤֻˤϴˤ䤫ɸಽ뤬 ( see [2010-12-04-1] ) ˡ ( punctuation ) ˤϤ줬ʤ㤨С򽪤Τ˥ԥꥪɤξ⤢Сߥξ⤢ꡤʤ¿ ( Simpson 22 )

(4) 츻ϼ塥ƱμǤ츻Ʊ褦ϼǤꡤλȤƤ̵ʤФ̵ǤХƥѸǤ뤳ȤȤ졤ե󥹸䥮ꥷξˤϾά椬դ롥Τ褦¦줬Τߤǡʾθ츻ͿƤʤ

(5) Cawdrey ȡynckhorne termes ʸ "To the Reader" ǹ⤷Ƥֻžԡˡ

SVch as by their place and calling, (but especially Preachers) as haue occasion to speak publiquely before the ignorant people, are to bee admonished, that they neuer affect any strange ynckhorne termes, but labour to speake so as is commonly receiued, and so as the most ignorant may well vnderstand them: . . . .


(6) ʤ鸫Фϥե٥åȽ¤Ǥ뤬äȤɼԤˤȤäƤϤϼΤȤǤϤʤä褦ȤΤϡCawdrey Ͻʸ "To the Reader" Ǽΰλؼ򼡤Τ褦ˤƤ뤫Ǥ롥

If thou be desirous (general Reader) rightly and readily to vnderstand, and to profit by this Table, and such like, then thou must learne the Alphabet, to wit, the order of the Letters as they stand, perfecty without booke, and where euery Letter standeth: as (b) neere the beginning, (n) about the middest, and (t) toward the end. Nowe if the word, which thou art desirous to finde, begin with (a) then looke in the beginning of this Table, but if with (v) looke towards the end. Againe, if thy word beginne with (ca) looke in the beginning of the letter (c) but if with (cu) then looke toward the end of that letter. And so of all the rest. &c.


(7) ǤǤ2543줬Ф˺Ѥ줿³1609, 1613, 1617ǯǤǤϤ줾3009, 3086, 3264ؤ䤵줿2ǰʹߤ Cawdrey ȤؤäפʤȤ顤ľ˴ʤäΤǤϤʤȿ¬ƤˡJohn Bullokar An English Expositor: Teaching the Interpretation of the hardest words used in our language (1616) ƤϡA Table Alphabeticall ο͵ϰ쵤˿ꤨ褦Ǥ ( Simpson 29 )

(8) Ǥ˴ŤHTML줿Żǡܼβ⡤ʸ A Table Alphabeticall of Hard Usual English Words (R. Cawdrey, 1604) ǽǤ롥

Simpson, John. The First English Dictionary, 1604: Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2007.
Bately, Janet. "Cawdrey, Robert (b. 1537/8?, d. in or after 1604)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Online ed. Ed. Lawrence Goldman. Oxford: OUP. Accessed on 19 Dec. 2010.

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2010-12-21 Tue

#603. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1) [lexicography][dictionary][inkhorn_term][cawdrey]

[2010-11-24-1], [2010-12-04-1]εǡRobert Cawdrey (1537/38--1604) A Table Alphabeticall (1604) Ѹ˾塤ѱѼ1Ǥ뤳ȤҲ𤷤Simpson (18) ˤС"As far as is known, it [A Table Alphabeticall] is the first dictionary published in book form addressed to the general reader which defines 'usual' English words in English." ȤȤǤ롥ϡSimpson ΤΰѤ򻲾ȤơA Table Alphabeticall ǽαѱѼǤȤȤϲ̣ΤͤƤߤ
ޤ1ˡñ򸫽ФȤ monolingual ǤȤ ( "English words in English" ) פǤ롥ͤƤߤФʬ뤳ȤѼʩѼ񡤰˱Ѽʤɤ2켭 ( bilingual dictionary ) νǤΤۤ1켭 ( monolingual dictionary ) νǤᤤŪϡ̤ΤγñΤμñ뤳ȤǤ뤫ȤȤΩɤκۤʤƤʤȤ⡤ñꥹȤηܤϿʤɤˤĤƤΤ碌ȡǤ2켭ȤΤϽǤƤѱѼ Cawdrey ΤΤäΤǤ롥A Table Alphabeticall bilingual dictionary monolingual dictionary ŪʼǤäȤϳΤǤ롥ȤΤϡޤޤƤ븫ФϤ٤ƥƥ濴ȤѸǤꡤ狼䤹ñȤΤμΰտޤäǤ롥ʤߤˡΦ¾θǤϤǤƱ1켭ϤĤǤƤꡤޤǡֱѱѡפȤƺǽΤΤǤäȤŦƤ
2ˡ"'usual' English words" ꤢɼؤȤ "the general reader" ꤷ(1) 1켭ȤƤϺǽΤΤǤäҤ٤켭ǤԤ1켭¸ߤԤȸǤꡤ罰1켭¸ߤʤä16νޤǤ inkhorn terms ( see inkhorn_term ) ޤ᤿̤줬ѤƤȤˤꡤ̸񤷤⤹뼭μפƤΥߥ󥰤ǽǤ줿Τ A Table Alphabeticall äΤǤ롥
2顤Cawdrey ˤȤäԤ뤪ܤϤĤ¸ߤƤȤʬ롥㤨С[2010-07-12-1]εǿ줿 Edmund Coote νǤ The English schoole-maister: teaching all his scholers, the order of distinct reading, and true writing our English tongue (1596) 䡤Thomas Thomas Dictionarium Linguae Latinae et Anglicanae (1587) ϡФ˴ؤˤ˻Ȥ줿פʤפˤ Cawdrey ϸФ17--18%ξԤ˵äƤ롨 see Siemens: Lexicographical Method in Cawdrey. ˡƤߤȡA Table Alphabeticall Cawdrey δʥꥸʥȤϤʤΤ⤷ʤ˾ΡֺǽΡפȤƤϡĬή˾ꡤ͡׵ĤǡΤȤƻĤͿιʤΤ⼭νǤϡCawdrey Rutland ʸߤ Leicestershire ΰˤ¼ԤȤơ͡ˤ狼䤹ⶵ򤹤ɬפ򴶤ƤȤȤ̵طǤϤʤήȿλ֤Ȥ߹äȤˡŪ˸줿ΤǤ롥

Simpson, John. The First English Dictionary, 1604: Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2007.

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2010-12-18 Sat

#600. Ѹ츻ν [etymology][dictionary][lexicology][bibliography]

Ѹθ츻¿뤬ΩäΤνޤȤ᤿츻ϰ̤αѸ켭ˤޤ뤳Ȥ¿ä OED Web3 ʤɤܳɼϤΤޤ޸츻ȤƻȤȤǤΤǡꥹȤ˴ޤ᤿Ѹäε˭٤Ǥ뤳ȤϱѸ츻񤬴Ϣθ츻ȤϢȤ٤Ǥ뤳Ȥ̣뤬Ǥϳ䰦ޤĸ˴Ϣ뼭ˤĤƤϡWatkins ΤΤ1󤲤ˤȤɤ᤿饤ѤǤ츻䤽¾θ츻ˤĤƤ[2010-08-25-1]ε˵󤲤󥯤򻲾ȡ

Barnhart, Robert K. and Sol Steimetz, eds. The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology. Bronxville, NY: The H. W. Wilson, 1988.
Brown, Leslie, ed. The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993.
Burchfield, Robert William, ed. A Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary. 4 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1972--86.
Ekwall, Bror Oscar Eilert. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names. 4th ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1960. 1st ed. 1936.
Gove, Philip Babcock (editor-in-chief). Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language. Unabridged. A Merriam-Webster. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam, 1976. 1st ed. 1961.
Hoad, Terence Frederick, ed. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Clarendon, 1986.
Holthausen, Ferdinand. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der englischen Sprache. 3rd ed. Göttingen: Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht, 1949. 1st ed. Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, 1917.
Klein, Ernest. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Dealing with the Origin of Words and Their Sense Development, Thus Illustrating the History of Civilization and Culture. 2 vols. Amsterdam/London/New York: Elsevier, 1966--67. Unabridged, one-volume ed. 1971.
Murray, James Augustus Henry, Henry Bradley, William Alexander Craigie, and Charles Talbut Onions, eds. The Oxford English Dictionary Being A Corrected Re-issue with an Introduction, Supplement, and Bibliography of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society. 13 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1933.
Onions, Charles Talbut, ed. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Prepared by William Little, Henry Watson Fowler and Jessie Coulson. Rev. ed. C. T. Onions. 3rd ed. Completely reset with Etymologies revised by George Washington, Salisbury Friedrichsen, and with Revised Addenda. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1973. 1st ed. 1933.
Onions, Charles Talbut, ed. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. With the assistance of G. W. S. Friedrichsen and R. W. Burchfield. Oxford: Clarendon, 1966.
Partridge, Eric Honeywood. Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. 4th ed. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966. 1st ed. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; New York: Macmillan, 1958.
Simpson, John Andrew and Edmund S. C. Weiner (prepared). The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 20 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.
Skeat, Walter William, ed. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. 4th ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1910. 1st ed. 1879--82. 2nd ed. 1883.
Skeat, Walter William, ed. A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. New ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1910. 1st ed. 1882.
߷ ˧ͺ (Խ紴)رѸ츻ŵ١ҡ1997ǯ
Watkins, Calvert Ward, ed. The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. Rev. ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
Weekly, Ernest. An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. With a New Biographical Memoir of the Author by Montague Weekley. 2 vols. New York: Dover, 1967. 1st ed. London: John Murray, 1921.

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2010-12-10 Fri

#592. Hobson-Jobson [indian_english][dictionary][lexicography]

Anglo-Indian θýθŵȤС1886ǯǤνǤ줿 Hobson-Jobson ̾Τ뼭Ǥ롥1619ޤǤΤץ롼Ȥǽ줿 Anglo-Indian ýǡɤνΤߤʤ餺ӥޤ᤿ͳ褹ϿƤ롥äơ"Indian" ȤϤäƤ⥤ɤ濴ȤʤäƤ뤷ޤ "Anglo" ȤϤäƤ¿θϱѸʳ˥ե󥹸ݥȥؤäƤΤǡϰϤιðۤʸýǤ롥ФϱѸ첽줿 Victoria īֻ󤵤Ƥ롥ͳ㤬˭٤Ǥ롥
2ǤΤΤǥ벽ƤꡤǸǽǤ롥̾Ȥʤä Anglo-Indian ñ Hobson-Jobson ˤĤƤϡθФ HOBSON-JOBSON 򻲾ȡ̾ͳȤطʤˤĤƤۣ¿դϻҶäݤȤͤ򤱤ʤƤ褦ȤȽ줿褦Ǥ롥ƤȤƤβͤ⤯ɾ졤ȥ꡼ΤĤ OED ˤȿǤ줿
"Anglo-Indian words" λؤϰϤϹ񤷤Front Matter dzפϤĤ롥

In its original conception it was intended to deal with all that class of words which, not in general pertaining to the technicalities of administration, recur constantly in the daily intercourse of the English in India, either as expressing ideas really not provided for by our mother-tongue, or supposed by the speakers (often quite erroneously) to express something not capable of just denotation by any English term. A certain percentage of such words have been carried to England by the constant reflux to their native shore of Anglo-Indians, who in some degree imbue with their notions and phraseology the circles from which they had gone forth. This effect has been still more promoted by the currency of a vast mass of literature, of all qualities and for all ages, dealing with Indian subjects; as well as by the regular appearance, for many years past, of Indian correspondence in English newspapers, insomuch that a considerable number of the expressions in question have not only become familiar in sound to English ears, but have become naturalised in the English language, and are meeting with ample recognition in the great Dictionary edited by Dr. Murray at Oxford. (xv--xvi)



Yule, Henry and A. C. Burnell, eds. Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive. 1st ed. 1886. 2nd ed. Ed. William Crooke. London: Murray, 1903. 2nd ed. reprinted as Hobson-Jobson: The Anglo-Indian Dictionary. Ware: Wordsworth, 1996.
Crystal, David. Evolving English: One Language, Many Voices. London: The British Library, 2010. 147.

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