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lexicography - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-08-28 00:27

2011-10-13 Thu

#899. Web3 permissiveness [lexicography][webster][dictionary][variation][diatone]

2֤ε ([2011-10-11-1], [2011-10-12-1]) ǡƹαѸ켭 Web3 ħ򸫤Ƥɾɽ碌СαѸ켭˾塤Ǥ descriptive ǡǤ permissive ʼäȤȤˤʤ
ȯҤ˴ؤƤϡεǵ̤Ѽܤɸ಻ʻ30Ķ⤢ˡͥȯɬפǤꡤǤ⤢Ȥݤ롥ºݤˡǶᡤΤΥȰ֤ʣμˤäĴ٤ȤȤԤʤäƤΤWeb3 variation ˭٤ϷȴƤWeb3 ŪȯΤȤŪ˸ƤʤȤڤ˴
Ū˽Ҥ٤ȡܥ֥Ǥⲿ٤äƤΡ̾ưײˤĤ (see diatone) 1δ֤ζѲ򼭽ˤäɤȤξѼ򰷤äꥫѸ줫ϰʲ4ĤμǶεҤӤ

Web1913 = Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary. Ed. Noah Porter. Online version published on 9 January 1997 at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters . Merriam, 1913.
PDAE = Kenyon, John Samuel and Thomas Albert Knott, eds. A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam, 1951.
Web3 = Gove, Philip Babcock, ed. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam, 1961. (In this survey I used the CD-ROM version [2000] based on the 1961 unabridged edition.)
AHD4 = The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 4th ed. \ Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006.

ʲϡ̾ư岽η򼨺14ˤĤơ񤴤Ȥ˶εҤޤȤ᤿ΤǤ롥"o" "oxytone"ʸβ˶ˡ"p" "paroxytone" β˶ˤ򼨤Web3 Ǥϡ"p, o" "o, p" ¿ɤ˶򤪤ƤĤȸФǤ롥ĴλȤƤϡȤ櫓ŪȯŻ뤹Ȥˤä櫓ǤϤʤΤľʤȤޤ permissive ʵҤ򼨤Ȳ˺٤ȡäǤ롥ɡʸ (forthcoming) ǤϼεϼȵҼˤĤưҤ٤ˤϤʤä

WORDPOSWeb1913PDAEWeb3AHD4
declinenounooo, po
declineverboooo
dismountnoun--oop
dismountverboooo
disputenounooo, po
disputeverboooo
employnounooo, po
employverboooo
entailnounooo, po
entailverboooo
rebuffnounooo, po
rebuffverboooo
replaynoun--op, op
replayverb--ooo
reportnounooo, po
reportverboooo
retortnounoooo, p
retortverboooo
retouchnounoop, oo, p
retouchverboooo
revisenounooop, o
reviseverboooo
romancenounoo, po, po, p
romanceverbooo, po
surmisenounoo, po, po
surmiseverboooo
trajectnounopp--
trajectverboooo

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2011-10-12 Wed

#898. OED2 Web3 оɽ [lexicography][webster][dictionary][oed]

ε#897. Web3 νǤ50ǯ ([2011-10-11-1]) ǡꥫαѸ켭κǹǤ Web3 ɾȽˤĤƸڤꥹˤαѸ켭 OED2 ӤȤɤΤ褦ħħΰƱˤƤȻפäΤǡ߷ (44--45) ˷ǺܤƤоɽʲ˷Ǻܤ롥Τ褦˰ȡ㤤褯Ƥ롥

 OED2Web3
ǯʴ1928112+1ˡNew Suppl. 1986, 4ˡ198922019091, 19342, 19613
ǿ22,0002,662ǡ2002ǯǤǤ2,806ǡ
Ƿ3022.5cm32.524.0cm
Ͽ464ʤ縫Ф35462002ǯǤǤ476ˡWeb2: 55?66
24020
ԽŪ (prescriptive) λŪؤαƶϡǯθ󡨽ǯȤŪҴŪҼι¤ؤαƶϡʰǯθ󡨽ǯ
Ф1150ǯʸθ줹٤ƼϿȾΤ1755ǯʸθϿʤŸ졦Ѹ2ޤ)Web2: 1500ǯʹߡ Chaucer ޤˡʳصѸŻISV٥ˡưΩ
ƻʸɡʶϡ˼800̾400?500̾1001928ǯǡˡ100̾1986ǯǡʤ
ѡʸغʽŻ(240)Shakes. 33,303Bible 5,725Milton 12,485̣餫ˤΤΩʸ
ˡ٥ (register)ܺٻؼŤ˾öŪcolloq, informal, illit., erron. ʤɤѤˡޤԱѡաԹաԥʥդʤɤФƤȤˡơդѤʤ
ԽϤ뤬ܺ٤ʾͿʷ鵭
ȯɸѲʹݲɸʸˤɽѼܤɸ಻ʻ30Ķ⤢ˡͥȯɬ
Ѳΰ֤򼨤Ѥθɸʻ
ܺ٤ʰ̣ʬset (v.) 20ǡ154ʬɴʻŵŪä (cf. hotel) set (v.) 1̤
޲ʤ3Web2 Ǥ12ˡ޲ޤ
̾̾ʤgazetteer 36顨biographical 13


߷ ˧ͺԡˡؼѸ졦١ұѸʸꡡ8ҡ2006ǯ

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2011-10-11 Tue

#897. Web3 νǤ50ǯ [lexicography][webster][dictionary]

Web3 ȤΤ롤ɤⰭŪʥꥫθؤμϡǯǽ50ǯޤ50ǯζڤˡ20αѸ켭񳦤򴬤ŪʼˤĤơʥӥ塼 New York Times ˴Ƥ줿Geoffrey Numberg ˤ뤽εϡ When a Dictionary Could Outrage ǥ饤ˤƱɤǤ롥
Web3 ᤰϡϼŪ (prescriptive) ʼȤɾι⤫äǤ١ҼŪ (descriptive) ʼؤѤꤷžäƤθʸäŪ˥ꥫǤϼ˵ϤĬäWeb3 Խ Gove ϡεŪ¤ؤĬή˾뤳ȤΤˡWeb3 εҤˤϹ¤ؤηΤʤ̩ʼˡȿǤƤꡤؼԤɾϸߤ˻ޤǹ⤤ꥫˤˤƽƤΡ֤ȤФμפȤɾʹ롥ꥫѸħ븢ҤȵϤΤ뼭οǤ˾Ǥΰ̤ξԤˤȤäƤϡGove ο֤΢ڤ԰٤ȱǤäꥫѸüԤ¿Ƥϡдְ㤤ʤˡ򤹤롤ѽȤƤμäWeb3 ѤѤ⺮碌Τ褦ʡɸŪʸˡˤޤ˴Ƥʡޤ˵ŪʼȤƸ줿ΤǤ롥
ξΩΤǷ㤷깭줿ǤΩɾȽ⤫äȤβмȤˤʤäǤǯ1962ǯˤ62Ԥɾȯɽ줿Ȥ顤ȿ礭Τ롥ФмԺȤΥåƥŽ졤Web3 ˤȤäƤ϶λλϤޤȤʤäȵϤȤǺ߿硹Ū󵯤ȼΤꥫˤ Webster ΰҿʪäƤ褦˻פ롥
Web3 ŪյˤĤơNumberg ϼ2ä礷Ƥ롥

It introduced the words "prescriptivist" and "descriptivist" into the cultural conversation, and fixed the battle lines for the ritualized squabble over standards that persists across media old and new.


[T]he furor over Webster's Third also marked the end of an era. It's a safe bet that no new dictionary will ever incite a similar uproar, whatever it contains. . . . [N]ow all is legitimated under the rubric of pop culture.


Web3 ˤäơҼꥫαѸ켭񳦤Τߤʤ餺ꥫŤˤΤϤ뤳ȤˤʤäѸ켭˸ꤷƤ⡤ϼव줿櫓ǤϤʤȤƼεŪҤ礭Ȥ¤ѤäƤʤҤȵ --- ˤư񤷤θʸ󵯤50ǯܲ Web4 ԻϤޤäƤȤǤ롥
饤ǡ2009ǯ Ain't That the Truth: Webster's Third: The Most Controversial Dictionary in the English Language ʤӥ塼⸫ĤΤǡȤ줿

Gove, Philip Babcock, ed. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam, 1961.
߷ ˧ͺԡˡؼѸ졦١ұѸʸꡡ8ҡ2006ǯ43--45ǡ

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2011-09-13 Tue

#869. Wright's English Dialect Dictionary [dialect][lexicography][lmode][edd][dictionary]

εEDD Online ([2011-09-12-1]) EDD Online Ҳ𤷤ޤ English Dialect Dictionary ΤΤˤĤΤäƤʤлȤʤʤȤΤȤ˵Ťǡˤ狼Ĵ٤
Joseph Wright (1855--1930) ϡOxford ؤ Max Müller θǤȤӸؤ򶵤ٳؤǤ롥ɥĤ Heidelberg ؤˤƥꥷ첻θιѹäϥޥӸؤűѸ졤Ѹʸŵ¿ɮɥӸؤο򤤤᤯ѹӤ礭ɾƤ롥
Wright αѸؤˤι׸ϡSkeat Furnivall Խ졤λꤸƴ EDD ǤȤäƴְ㤤ʤ65400Ǥˤ10θФ50ʸޤޤ졤OED 䴰Ѹ켭ȤߤʤȤǤ롥Wright Ȥ Preface (v) ǽҤ٤Ƥ "the largest and most comprehensive Dialect Dictionary ever published in any country" ϡߤǤѤ⤤EDD ϿƤΤϡդεҤˤ "COMPLETE VOCABULARY OF ALL DIALECT WORDS STILL IN USE, OR KNOWN TO HAVE BEEN IN USE DURING THE LAST TWO HUNDRED YEARS" Ǥ롥ȤƤ϶Ѹ򤹤äݤʤäƤ롥
Markus Wright's English Dialect Dictionary computerised: towards a new source of information ˤȡEDD β͡ƥǥ벽줿 EDD Online ΰյϡ3Ĥʬع׸ǤǽƤˤȤ3ʬȤϡhistorical dialectology, historical spoken English, historical linguistics (esp. lexicology) Ǥ롥ѸˤǤϼŪȤƤʬͳϸԤδؿηǡȤϡ椹뤿ƻΩƤѰդƤʤäȤƶƤȻפ롥ƻǽˤʤäȤäɬ⤽ʬ夬ȤȤǤϤʤʤȤ⤳ޤǰʾ®٤Ǥʬθ椬ʤƤ椯ȤˤϤʤ³ĿͤȤƤѤǤ륷ͤƤ椭
ʤߤˡEDD ʸˡפ English Dialect Grammar (1905) ȤƴԤƤꡤWright ʬǤ벻ȷ֤ѲƤꡤͤ⤤

ãڸ ԡرѸؿ̾ŵ١ҡ1995ǯ
Wright, Joseph. The English Dialect Grammar. Oxford: OUP, 1905. Repr. 1968.

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2011-09-12 Mon

#868. EDD Online [dialect][web_service][corpus][lmode][lexicography][edd][dictionary]

޽ۤ reference corner ˡŤᤫˤμ񤬤ΤƤʬǤϤޤȤȤϤʤʤȻפäƤǯʸ˴Ϣ eyes ʡܡפʣˤбѸνѸ丽ѸǤɤΤ褦ȯãʬۤѲƤĴ٤ɬפꡤΤȤˤμ򳫤ΤƤä褦˻פʤ̤ Hotta (2005) ˤꡥ[2009-12-02-1]εeyes ɽ172ֻ̤פ⻲ȡˡJoseph Wright ˤ6Τμ The English Dialect Dictionary (EDD) Ǥ롥
ʹߤ⤿ޤ˳Ϥääزǡμ񤬥饤󲽤줿Τäפ֤ EDD ˿ɤȻפ®Ƥߤ뤳ȤˤInnsbruck ؤ Prof. Manfred Markus ǤԤ̳ SPEED (Spoken English in Early Dialects) ץȤ̤ EDD Online beta-version Ǥ롥ǤϴǤǤϤʤȤĤĤ⡤Ǥ˸εǽ˭٤˼Ƥ˭٤ƳѻڤʤۤɡˡؽѸѤ˻ѵĤ̵ǥǤ롥ѥޥ˥奢⻲ȡ
®ѵĤƥƤߤĴ٤बʤˤȤäƤϡڤ˿ǭ˾ȽᤷʡФ측 eye Ƥߤꤷơʢǰʡˡʤ"structured view" ɽȡǤꤺäȸ䤹ΤǤǤͭѡˡMarkus ᤬زǤƤ̤ꡤ͡ʸǽΤ褦Ǥ롥Ф측ʸϤΤȡdialect area ǤϸˤäƤ county ٥ϰǤ롥usage label Ǥ٥٥롤̣٥denotation, simile, synonym ʤɡˡѥ٥derogatory, slang ʤɡˤξ꤬ǽǤ롥etymology εǽäƤ롥Ȥ߹碌Сϰθ줫μѸäδطʤɤƤ뤫⤷ʤˡͤäƤϡޤ EDD ɤΤ褦ʼ񤫡EDD Online ɤΤ褦ʵǽƤΤؤФʤС
EDD ΤΤˤĤƤϡVARIENG (Research Unit for Variation, Contacts and Change in English) ˷ǺܤƤ롤Markus ˤ Wright's English Dialect Dictionary computerised: towards a new source of information 褯ޤȤޤäƤ롥

ʸ嵭2022/10/21(Fri)EDD SPEED ؤΥ󥯤ڤƤΤȯEDD Ͽɤ

Hotta, Ryuichi. "A Historical Study on 'eyes' in English from a Panchronic Point of View." Studies in Medieval English Language and Literature 20 (2005): 75--100.
Wright, Joseph, ed. The English Dialect Dictionary. 6 vols. Henry Frowde, 1898--1905.

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2011-08-22 Mon

#847. Oxford Learner's Thesaurus [lexicography][dictionary][thesaurus][lexicology][synonym][semantic_prosody]

ѸˤϿ¿켭ŵ (thesaurus) ꡤ[2010-08-11-1]εtoilet ˭٤նɽ WordNet Visuwords ǤߤפǼ褦˥饤Ǽλвġ⾯ʤ餺¸ߤ롥Ū켭ŵȤƤ⡤ǯ HTOED (Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary) TOE (A Thesaurus of Old English) Ƥꡤ趷褷Ƥ롥
Ūˤ̻ŪˤѸäθĶäƤƤ뤬ȤƤαѸγؽĶȤ켭ŵϤޤǤޤΩäƤʤäؽδβˤĤƤϡOALD LDOCE ʤɤϷ޳ؽѱѱѼϤƤƤꡤȯѤαѸؽˤΩĤ⤷⤬ƤȲòؽ켭ŵȤΤϤޤǤƤʤäͣ졤American Heritage Thesaurus for Learners of English (2002) ä餤2008ǯˤʤäɸ Oxford Learner's Thesaurus (OLT) Ǥ줿μϻμ긵ˤ⤢äޤä˶ؿϤʤռŪ˳ȤϤۤȤɤʤäǶ Komuro and Ichikawa ˤ OLT μʬϤɤǡؽ켭ŵ˶̣襤ƤħΤäƤȤפʤΤǡʲ OLT ˤĤΤäƤƤ褤Komuro and Ichikawa 򻲾Ȥʤ餤Ĥ󤲤Ƥ

OLT ϡOxford Thesaurus of English (2000, 2004) ʪǤϤʤष OALD7 (2005) Ȥδط (12) ºݤˡOALD7 ⤬¿ OLT ȿǤƤ롥ʤĤޤꡤǽ餫ؽԸ˥塼˥󥰤ƤꡤʿפǤ椤Ȥ˼꤬ϤҤԤ졤ºݤˤΤ褦ˤʤäƤ롥
OLT ˸¤ʤؽ켭ŵμ礿뵡ǽϡ"(1) make users aware of different connotations or shades of meaning synonyms have and to (2) enable users to choose and use the most appropriate word, which may not be part of their (active) vocabulary, in order to express their idea" (14)
ФϳؽԸФ줿1973ĤǡñǤʤʣ礬ФȤʤäƤ⤢ (16)
1ĤθФͿƤοϡͤȤ5--6 (26) ¿ʤؽԤˤȤäŬڡ
󤲤ƤʸϤŬڤǡCD-ROMǤǤϳФʿ3.7Ĥۤɤʸ󤲤Ƥ (29)
֤ζ̤ˤȤ櫓פ register Υ졼٥⤬̤Ȥ˽¤Ƥ (35--45) ä˲ɤʪȤƤ⤷񤫤Ƥ (45, 49)
̣ζ٤ˤäƶ̤췲ˤĤơŪ "synonym scales" ʤˡƳƤꡤؽ塤˸ŪǤ (49--52)

ΤȤ Komuro and Ichikawa "a groundbreaking learner's thesaurus (55) ȹ⤤ɾͿƤꡤä˺Ǹ "synonym scales" ɾˤĤƤϡºݤ˸ƤߤƱ㤨Сafraid synonym scale ϰʲ̤ꡥΤ褦˰ȡƬ롥

Synonym Scale of

ӥ塼ʸɤǤ줫ѶŪ OLT ѤƤߤȻפäޤѸؽΩǤ뤳Ȥϸ˵ڤФ̣θ˺ݤƤ⡤ܳŪ켭ŵ䤽¾μѤθŤơõˤȤȤݤä㤨Сsynonym scale ͿƤʲ126θФ줫Ŭ췲ӽФѥѤ semantic_prosody θ򤹤ȤΤ⤪⤷

admiration [n], afraid [a], anger [n], anger [v], angry [a], annoy [v], approval [n], bad [a], beautiful [a], cheap [a], childhood [n], close [a], cold [a], concern [n], convincing [a], crazy [a], crisis [n], defeat [v], delicious [a], delight [v], determine [v], dictate to sb [pv], disappoint [v], disapprove [v], disgusting [a], distress [n], embarrass [v], emotion [n], exciting [a], expose [v], fast [a], fat [a], fear [n], flush [v], frequent [a], friendship [n], frighten [v], frightening [a], frown [v], funny [a], gap [n], glad [a], happy [a], hate [v], hatred [n], high [av], hill [n], hot [a], hungry [a], hurt [v], hysterical [a], immediate [a], impress [v], inspire [v], interest [v], interested [a], interesting [a], ironic [a], like [v], likely [a], lonely [a], lose your temper [idiom], love [n], love [v], mad [a], magnificent [a], mean [a], mentally ill [a], minute [n], modern [a], negative [a], nice [a], odour [n], pain [n], painful [a], plain [a], please [v], pleasure [n], poor [a], possibility [n], praise [v], press [v], pressure [n], probably [adv], quite [adv], radical [a], rain [v], rape [v], recession [n], recommend [v], remarkable [a], respect [v], revenge [n], ridiculous [a], rough [a], rude [a], ruin [v], run [v], ruthless [a], sad [a], serious [a], shock [n], shock [v], show [v], small [a], smile [v], soak [v], sorry [a], star [n], strict [a], suppress [v], sure [a], surprise [v], take advantage of sb/sth [v], taste [n], tear [v], temper [n], tight [a], tired [a], ugly [a], unhappy [a], upset [a], violent [a], well [a], wet [a], worry [v]


American Heritage Thesaurus for Learners of English. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2002.
Oxford Learner's Thesaurus: A Dictionary of Synonyms. Oxford: OUP, 2008.
Komuro, Yuri and Yasuo Ichikawa. "An Analysis of the Oxford Learner's Thesaurus: A Dictionary of Synonyms." Lexicon 41 (2011): 11--59.
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. 7th ed. Oxford: OUP, 2005.

Referrer (Inside): [2021-05-30-1]

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2011-04-23 Sat

#726. ǤȤ뤫⤷ʤŪ Cawdrey μ [lexicography][cawdrey][mulcaster][lexicology]

Ѹ˾ǽαѱѼȸ Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ˤĤƤϡ[2010-12-21-1], [2010-12-22-1]εϤᡤcawdrey γƵǼ夲Ƥ
[2010-12-27-1]εdz⤷褦17켭äȤ Cawdrey Ρפȡθ³¾μԻԤΡפȤۤʤ롥Ԥɽ Bullokar, Cockeram, Blount, Phillips μϡNoyes (600) ˤ "storehouses of difficult and elegant words exclusively" ֻϰѼԡˤäǡCawdrey Ϥޤ "hard vsuall English wordes" 뤤 "plaine English words" A Table Alphabeticall νǥȥڡꡥֻϰѼԡˤǺܤΤǤ롥ϤʸǤϤʤޤʤܤˤϿѼԤμ򶯤ռƤΤǤ롥ϡCawdrey ʤԤǤ©Ҥ Thomas ˤعĹǤ궵ԤǤäȤ̵ǤϤʤζ鳦ΥɥDZѸ켭Իɬʤ Richard Mulcaster ([2010-07-12-1]) ϡThe First Part of the Elementarie (1582) 8000ۤɤñꥹ "Generall Table" Ǥ¿ Cawdrey μˤȿǤƤ롥ŪԻŪȤΤǤäȤʬ
ºݤ A Table Alphabeticall įƤߤȡΥ饤򻲾ȡˡΤޤ޸ξѸؽԤθóؽΩñꥹȤȤʤäƤ롥δФǤȡѸ1?1٤θäֻϤޤˤɸಽƤʤƳȸѸؽԤˤȤʶŪƤˤʤäƤ롥
ޤ[2010-12-22-1] (4) Ǽ褦ˡ츻ˤϴ򤷤ȤˡCawdrey ϸ츻ʤȤäƤѸεҤˤʤˤ򵭺ܤƤ롥οʴϡCawdrey 礤˻ͤˤ Coote ǤƤ³ Bullokar Cockeram Ǥ̵뤵ƤƳ줿Τ Blount Glossographia (1656) Ǥ (Noyes 602) ˤ⡤Cawdrey ζŪɼ롥Noyes Cawdrey ɾѤ褦

It was unfortunate for the development of the English dictionary that succeeding lexicographers scorned the practical schoolmasters' tradition and focussed on the more eccentric and less permanent elements in the language. This attitude was, in fact, responsible for sidetracking the English dictionary for a century. (604)


Noyes, Gertrude E. "The First English Dictionary, Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall." Modern Language Notes 58 (1943): 600--05.

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2011-02-10 Thu

#654. 衼åѤΥ饤Х뼭٤ OED ħ [oed][lexicography][ghost_word]

[2011-01-31-1]εǻȤ Osselton ʸ pp. 72--75 顤Ū§§ä衼åѤΥ饤Х뼭3 ( DWB, Littré, WNT ) Ӥ OED ħˤĤƲվ񤭤롥

(1) Ѹ ( loanwords ), ׻ ( nonce-words ), ͩ ( ghost words ) ʤɤӤƴƤ˺ѤƤ롥DWB WNT ϡˤϼѸˤĤԴƤä
(2) Ʊ ( synonyms ) Ѥ䡤collocation pattern ؤθڤ¾μ٤Ƽ夤
(3) ¿θϡȻ路Х󥹤μ줿֤ȤʤäƤ롥
(4) ˡˤĤƤΥȤϺǤ⵭ŪǤ롥¾μϤ⵬ŪŪǤ롥
(5) OED ԻĹäˤ⤫餺û֤ǤۤϤǺȤ Littré ٤ۤɤˡե٥åΤˤ錄äƵҤӤƤ롥
(6) 1150ǯѸȤʤääűѸ줫鸽ѸޤǤˤ錄ĹλäȰƤ롥DWB 1550ǯۤɤ Luther 19Ⱦ Goethe ޤǡ19ΰϼ夤ˡLittré 1600ǯ顤WNT 1500ǯ1637ǯζ񤫤ˤǤ롥
(7) ֻŪ۷ӤưƤ롥㤨Сneighbour 429ֻ̤βǽ뤳Ȥ롥
(8) 㤬ʷǤꡤǯ夬Ƥ롥DWB WNT ϡؤǯͿϸδΤߤǤ롥

嵭¿ OED ħȤĹȤ٤⤷ʤOsselton ʸˤ OED λʬ¾μĹ󤲤ӤʤԸʿ嵭 OED ¿ħϸ˸ˤȤäƳΤɬԲķǤǤ롥ä (1), (4), (6), (7), (8) ʤɤϡ¾θ˲ȤˤȤäƹ꤬ФۤߤħǤϤʤ

Osselton, Noel. "Murray and his European Counterparts." Lexicography and the OED : Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest. Ed. Lynda Mugglestone. Oxford: OUP, 2000. 59--76.

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2011-01-31 Mon

#644. OED ȥ衼åѤΥ饤Х뼭 [oed][lexicography]

19ȾС衼åѳƹǤϡӸȯŸȤ˾äơŪ§˴Ť緿Ի褵ƤλطʤΤʤǡꥹǤ A New English Dictionary on a Historical Basis δ褬ϰƤƤ ( see [2010-02-25-1] ) μϡ1933ǯ Supplement Ǥ줿Ȥˡ Oxford English Dictionary ȲΤ뤳ȤˤʤäƱΥ衼åѤμԻįȡʲΥɥĸ졤ե󥹸졤μ񤬡OED ԻԤˤȤäɤĤɤۤΥ饤Хä

The Deutsches Wörterbuch of the Grimm brothers ( = DWB )
Dictionnaire de la langue français of Emile Littré ( = Littré )
The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal of Matthias de Vries ( = WNT )

Osselton (60) ˤ嵭γƼԻˤޤĤǯǯɽˤޤȤƤߤʲ޻ȡˡȴλԻץȤ "Initial impulse" ǯȴνʡȴλˤ1νǯ򡤹ȴνϺǽνǯʡἭǯˤɽ魯ǯǡ¾ϤΥڡHTML򻲾ȡ

OED and Its Continental Equivalents

4٤ȡOED Իδ輫Τ¾μ٤ƤȤʬ롥[2011-01-25-1]εǸΥꥹʸسξ紶ϡ٤줫΢դ롥ޤϰƤ1ǤޤǤδ֤¾μ٤ĹȤܤͤ롥طʤˤϡԽ紴 Herbert Coleridge, Frederick Furnivall, James Murray ܤޤ뤷夷Իκ𤬤äޤȤΤޤ礵˰ݤŻǤʤäȸƤ褤äΤϡOED δϰƤ鴰ޤפ70ǯȤ֤ϤȤƤĤʤĹΤȻפǤˤϾ夬Τ DWB WNT ˤĤƤ100ǯǤϸʤŪ§˴Ť緿Ի˼֤ΤΤƻפΤä

Osselton, Noel. "Murray and his European Counterparts." Lexicography and the OED : Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest. Ed. Lynda Mugglestone. Oxford: OUP, 2000. 59--76.

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2011-01-23 Sun

#636. 츻ؤγԤȤƤ OED [oed][johnson][etymology][lexicography]

[2010-12-16-1], [2010-12-17-1]εDZѸ츻ؤάˤ򵭤ʳŪʸ츻ؤη¤ Skeat νǤ OED Իοʤ19ȾΤȤǤ롥19˥ɥĤ濴ȯŸӸؤ̤Ϥäȴ褦ˤʤꡤʳŪʸ츻ؤѸˤŬѤ褦ˤʤäλθ츻ؼԤ伭ԻԤˤȤäƤ18θ츻ʼȤǰƬˤäΤ Johnson μˤϤۤȤɻȤʪˤʤʤȹͤ졤OED ԻԤˤȤäƤ¿θ츻μɮϥΥȤȤäƤǤʤä̾ԻȤȤ¿쾯ʤԼβäˤĤĿʤȤǡ ( tradition ) ηѾθƤΤǤ롥OED ϡ츻˸¤ʤ¿dz׿ ( innovation ) θ뤳ȤܻؤƤꡤ׵ᤵƤ⤤
OED Խ紴 Murray ϡ󥰥ɤˤ츻ؤ1850ǯ餤˻ϤޤäˤʤȶĴƤꡤԤ Johnson μθ츻 Horne Tooke ůŪ츻ϿѤƤʤäȤ

Though Murray can be seen to concur with Richardson in his statement that 'one does not look in Johnson for Etymology, any more than in 18th c. writers for biology or electricity' (MP/20/12/1906), the speculative etymologies of Horne Tooke were, if anything, still more remote from the philological rigour at which he aimed . . ." (Mugglestone 15)


ΥȤȤ Murray ˤϼ̤äMurray θդѤ褦

'In dealing with any previous etymological treatment of a word, I always go predisposed to find it wrong . . . I fasten on the weakest point, & if that fails, the thing is done; if it stands, try the next.' (Mugglestone 15)


츻ȤȤ򤵡Ƥ˵츻ؤ԰괶ˤĤƤ[2010-08-06-1]εˤMurray 鿦ŪԻԤˤȤäƤ츻ϺʪäOED ¿¦̤DZѸ켭γԤää˸츻ʬˤƺǤⳫԤΥ᡼դ路ȡMugglestone ɾƤ롥

If the image of the pioneer engaging with the unknown was one to which Murray had recourse on a number of occasions, it is perhaps nowhere more pertinent than in the etymological explorations of Murray, Bradley, Craigie, and Onions, as they sought to solve the many puzzles of linguistic history which had, hitherto, been left in obscurity. (Mugglestone 15)


Ϳθ츻βˤϾ˿ŤǤʤФʤʤȤפФƱˡOED ԻԤΤߤʤ餺 Skeat ޤ᤿Ѹ츻ؤڤ곫ٳؤФưڷɤǰؤʤ

Mugglestone, Linda. "'Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest': The New English Dictionary." Lexicography and the OED: Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest. Ed. Lynda Mugglestone. Oxford: OUP, 2000. 1--21.

Referrer (Inside): [2023-02-24-1] [2019-11-10-1]

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2010-12-30 Thu

#612. Academic Word List [lexicology][lexicography][academic_word_list][web_service][text_tool][elt]

Ѹ춵伭ؤʬ Academic Word List (AWL) ȤýΤƤ롥1998ǯ Avril Coxhead The Academic Corpus Ȥ350줫ʤȼѥȤ˱Ѹ춵Ѥ˳ȯ570Ȥʹ碌 word family ȸƤФˤʤýǡѤ٤ι⤤줫ʤäƤ롥
⤦ܤ AWL θ򵭤мΤ褦ˤʤ롥(1) word family ѥ Arts, Commerce, Law, Science Υ֥åȤ٤Ƥˤĺʬ줿28ʬΥ֥åȤβȾ롥(2) word family νи٤ѥΤ100Ķ롥(3) word family ѥγǺ10롥(4) GSL ( General Service List ) (1953) κ2000Ͻ ( see [2010-03-02-1] ) . (5) ͭ̾Ͻ(6) et al, etc, ibid ʤɤκѥƥɽϽ
Ƹ줿ý AWL ǡAWL Headwords ӥɤǤ롥word family ٤ι⤤110 Sublists Ȥƥ롼ʬƤꡤ٤ƹ碌ȥѥΤ9.8%ʤȤ
ǶξѱѱѼϸ¤ AWL νǧƤ褦2006ǯǤ Longman Exams Dictionary ڤˡ2007ǯ Longman Advanced American Dictionary, 2nd ed.2009ǯ Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 5th ed. ʤڼǤ AWL θƤ ( Dohi et al., p. 174 ) Macmillan, Collins COBUILD ϤǤƱͤǤ롥ܲ AWL ɾ Dohi et al. ˤȰʲ̤Ǥ롥

It remains to be seen whether Coxhead's AWL will continue to be used, will be revised or replaced in future advanced learners' dictionaries, because not all scholars concur with her AWL. . . . The AWL could be regarded for the time being as "a quick reference" for academic vocabulary until more research bears fruit . . . . (100)


Ϣ The AWL Highlighter ʤġ뤬ꡤ˱ʸƥȤȡAWL äϥ饤ȤƤ롥䤬Ƕ񤤤ѸʸΥȥ1235ǻƤߤ顤Sublist 10 ޤǤΥ٥128줬ϥ饤Ȥ줿Τ10.36%Ǥꡤacademic ٤Ϲʤ!?

  Dohi, Kazuo, Tetsuo Osada, Atsuko Shimizu, Yukiyoshi Asada, Rumi Takahashi, and Takashi Kanazashi. "An Analysis of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Fifth Edition." Lexicon 40 (2010): 85--187.

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2010-12-28 Tue

#610. æ켭18 [lexicography][johnson]

ε[2010-12-27-1]˰³18αѸ켭ˡΤˤ1755ǯ Samuels Johnson (1709--84) ǰŪʼ A Dictionary of the English Language 魯ޤǤ18Ⱦμˤά⤹롥⵭Ҥˤ Jackson (pp. 36--42) 򻲹ͤˤ
18ˤʤȡ¾⼭˼Ͽcompleteness ܻؤԻƤ롥꤬J. K. ʤʪˤ A New English Dictionary (1702) Ǥ롥οʪϡEdward Phillips New World of English Words 1706ǯ˲ļ餬 Dictionarium Anglo-Britannicum (1708) 路 John Kersey ƱʪǤȹͤƤ롥A New English Dictionary ɸ񤭤ϰʲ̤Ǥֻžԡˡ

A New English Dictionary: Or, a Compleat Collection Of the Most Proper and Significant Words, Commonly used in the Language; With a Short and Clear Exposition of Difficult Words and Terms of Art.
     The whole digested into Alphabetical Order; and chiefly designed for the benefit of Young Scholars, Tradesmen, Artificers, and the Female Sex, who would learn to spell truely; being so fitted to every Capacity, that it may be a continual help to all that want an Instructor.


28,000ϿμμȤֻ򶵤뤳Ȥ˸ƤꡤϿյΤˤäΤǤ롥
Ͽ뼭Իϩȡ17Ⱦ2Ĥθ츻 Stephen Skinner Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae (1671) ƿ̾ Gazophylacium Anglicanum (1689) ȯãؤäơNathaniel Bailey An Universal Etymological English Dictionary (1721) 줿40,000Ͽμ Johnson μ¤18ɽɾȽμȤƷפ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥Bailey ³ Dictionarium Britannicum: Or a more Compleat Universal Etymological English Dictionary than any Extant (1730) Ǥ롥 Johnson ԻδäȤƻȤǤꡤŪ礭18Ⱦ "complete" ܻؤ¾μ⤪ Bailey 2μäƤȤäƤ褤
Benjamin Martin Lingua Britannica Reformata (1749) 路Τ夷ơJohnson Իײ Plan of a Dictionary of the English Language (1747) 򡤤 A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) Ǥ˱Ѹ켭ˤϿʻޤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥

Jackson, Howard. Lexicography: An Introduction. London and New York: Routledge, 2002.

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2010-12-27 Mon

#609. 켭17 [lexicography][cawdrey]

1Ѹ켭Ȥʤä Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ˤĤơ[2010-11-24-1], [2010-12-04-1], [2010-12-21-1], [2010-12-22-1]γƵˤѸ켭ˤˤ17ϤεǰŪ켭ä򳫤Ʊ桤Ʊͤ켭³ȽǤ줿17Ϥޤ켭ȤäƤ褤
A Table Alphabeticall ϤӤӲ줿John Bullokar An English Expositor: Teaching the Interpretation of the hardest words used in our language (1616) Ǥȡο͵ˤäԤϱƤʤäExpositor Ϥ¿θФϿƤФǤʤ"sundry olde words now growne out of use, and divers termes of art, proper to the learned" ޤǤ3ǤŤͤ塤1663ǯǤƿ̾ܤ졤ʹ1731ǯޤǺǤ³Ȥ͵ä
Cawdrey Bullokar μ˱ƶĤġΥ饤ХȤƽи⤦1Ĥ켭 Henry Cockeram The English Dictionarie (1623) Ǥ롥ϳͳؽ "Strangers of any Nation" оݤ˿ƤǡԤμȤϰۤʤ롥1670ǯޤDz³졤͵ؤä
Thomas Blount Glossographia (1656) ˽Ф츻ػˤάҤ[2010-12-16-1]εǤ⿨줿Blount ϥƥѸΥƥǤθ򼨤ʤ "historical observations" εҤܳŪʴؿ򼨤ƤμԻԤäޤαѸ켭ǽפȤʤֽŵפϤ᤿Τ Blount Ǥ롥
ˡEdward Phillips The New World of English Words (1658) 蘆졤θФ11,000˵ڤ1696ǯ5ǤǤϡ17,000ˤդ줢äƤ롥Elisha Coles An English Dictionary (1676) ǤϡŸChaucer Gower Ѥʤɡˤޤ᤿25,000Ͽ
Τ褦ˡ171Ѹ켭ϼϿ¤Ƥä§Ȥ ( everyday vocabulary ) ϼϿ줺ޤ켭ȤȤȴФƤʤäߤǤϼΤ褦˻פޤνиˤϡ18ԤʤФʤʤäΤǤ롥
ʾ塤17Ѹ켭άˤ򵭤ҤäƤ Jackson (pp. 33--36) 򻲹ͤˤ

Jackson, Howard. Lexicography: An Introduction. London and New York: Routledge, 2002.

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2010-12-22 Wed

#604. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (2) [lexicography][dictionary][punctuation][inkhorn_term][cawdrey]

ε[2010-12-21-1]˰³Robert Cawdrey (1537/38--1604) A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ꡥλ˾ΰ̸ѱѼˤϡαѸ䤽줬ҲΤʤ֤Ƥ򼨺͡ʾҤޤޤƤ롥A Table Alphabeticall ˤޤĤ륨ȥȥȤǤ⤤٤¿ʲ˵

(1) [2010-12-04-1]εǰѤ褦ˡȥڡˤϡμ񤬰̱̽Τ񤷤פѸDz⤹뤳ȤݤȤƤ뤳ȤƤ롥β³1⡤ܼνǰտޤõǽפʤΤǡǤѤ褦

Whereby they may the more easilie and better vnderstand many hard English wordes, which they shall heare or read in Scriptures, Sermons, or elswhere, and also be made able to vse the same aptly themselues.


ǤϡCawdrey ԻԤǤ¼ԤǤäȡǤ Puritan ȤƶɤܤĤƺȽˤʤäƤȤطƤ롥ʤɤˤޤޤ򤤤ˤưİˤ褯򤵤뤫忴Ƥⶵ Cawdrey ΰָ̤롥ºݤˡطѸ¿ФȤƺѤƤ ( Simpson 15 )

(2) Siemens ʬˤȡʸΤˡФʻ줴Ȥ˰ι¤ǧ롥ϼˤǤפʻǤ롥Siemens ʸ Siemens: Lexicographical Method in Cawdrey DZǽ

(3) ǻȤƤֻˤϴˤ䤫ɸಽ뤬 ( see [2010-12-04-1] ) ˡ ( punctuation ) ˤϤ줬ʤ㤨С򽪤Τ˥ԥꥪɤξ⤢Сߥξ⤢ꡤʤ¿ ( Simpson 22 )

(4) 츻ϼ塥ƱμǤ츻Ʊ褦ϼǤꡤλȤƤ̵ʤФ̵ǤХƥѸǤ뤳ȤȤ졤ե󥹸䥮ꥷξˤϾά椬դ롥Τ褦¦줬Τߤǡʾθ츻ͿƤʤ

(5) Cawdrey ȡynckhorne termes ʸ "To the Reader" ǹ⤷Ƥֻžԡˡ

SVch as by their place and calling, (but especially Preachers) as haue occasion to speak publiquely before the ignorant people, are to bee admonished, that they neuer affect any strange ynckhorne termes, but labour to speake so as is commonly receiued, and so as the most ignorant may well vnderstand them: . . . .


(6) ʤ鸫Фϥե٥åȽ¤Ǥ뤬äȤɼԤˤȤäƤϤϼΤȤǤϤʤä褦ȤΤϡCawdrey Ͻʸ "To the Reader" Ǽΰλؼ򼡤Τ褦ˤƤ뤫Ǥ롥

If thou be desirous (general Reader) rightly and readily to vnderstand, and to profit by this Table, and such like, then thou must learne the Alphabet, to wit, the order of the Letters as they stand, perfecty without booke, and where euery Letter standeth: as (b) neere the beginning, (n) about the middest, and (t) toward the end. Nowe if the word, which thou art desirous to finde, begin with (a) then looke in the beginning of this Table, but if with (v) looke towards the end. Againe, if thy word beginne with (ca) looke in the beginning of the letter (c) but if with (cu) then looke toward the end of that letter. And so of all the rest. &c.


(7) ǤǤ2543줬Ф˺Ѥ줿³1609, 1613, 1617ǯǤǤϤ줾3009, 3086, 3264ؤ䤵줿2ǰʹߤ Cawdrey ȤؤäפʤȤ顤ľ˴ʤäΤǤϤʤȿ¬ƤˡJohn Bullokar An English Expositor: Teaching the Interpretation of the hardest words used in our language (1616) ƤϡA Table Alphabeticall ο͵ϰ쵤˿ꤨ褦Ǥ ( Simpson 29 )

(8) Ǥ˴ŤHTML줿Żǡܼβ⡤ʸ A Table Alphabeticall of Hard Usual English Words (R. Cawdrey, 1604) ǽǤ롥

Simpson, John. The First English Dictionary, 1604: Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2007.
Bately, Janet. "Cawdrey, Robert (b. 1537/8?, d. in or after 1604)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Online ed. Ed. Lawrence Goldman. Oxford: OUP. Accessed on 19 Dec. 2010.

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2010-12-21 Tue

#603. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1) [lexicography][dictionary][inkhorn_term][cawdrey]

[2010-11-24-1], [2010-12-04-1]εǡRobert Cawdrey (1537/38--1604) A Table Alphabeticall (1604) Ѹ˾塤ѱѼ1Ǥ뤳ȤҲ𤷤Simpson (18) ˤС"As far as is known, it [A Table Alphabeticall] is the first dictionary published in book form addressed to the general reader which defines 'usual' English words in English." ȤȤǤ롥ϡSimpson ΤΰѤ򻲾ȤơA Table Alphabeticall ǽαѱѼǤȤȤϲ̣ΤͤƤߤ
ޤ1ˡñ򸫽ФȤ monolingual ǤȤ ( "English words in English" ) פǤ롥ͤƤߤФʬ뤳ȤѼʩѼ񡤰˱Ѽʤɤ2켭 ( bilingual dictionary ) νǤΤۤ1켭 ( monolingual dictionary ) νǤᤤŪϡ̤ΤγñΤμñ뤳ȤǤ뤫ȤȤΩɤκۤʤƤʤȤ⡤ñꥹȤηܤϿʤɤˤĤƤΤ碌ȡǤ2켭ȤΤϽǤƤѱѼ Cawdrey ΤΤäΤǤ롥A Table Alphabeticall bilingual dictionary monolingual dictionary ŪʼǤäȤϳΤǤ롥ȤΤϡޤޤƤ븫ФϤ٤ƥƥ濴ȤѸǤꡤ狼䤹ñȤΤμΰտޤäǤ롥ʤߤˡΦ¾θǤϤǤƱ1켭ϤĤǤƤꡤޤǡֱѱѡפȤƺǽΤΤǤäȤŦƤ
2ˡ"'usual' English words" ꤢɼؤȤ "the general reader" ꤷ(1) 1켭ȤƤϺǽΤΤǤäҤ٤켭ǤԤ1켭¸ߤԤȸǤꡤ罰1켭¸ߤʤä16νޤǤ inkhorn terms ( see inkhorn_term ) ޤ᤿̤줬ѤƤȤˤꡤ̸񤷤⤹뼭μפƤΥߥ󥰤ǽǤ줿Τ A Table Alphabeticall äΤǤ롥
2顤Cawdrey ˤȤäԤ뤪ܤϤĤ¸ߤƤȤʬ롥㤨С[2010-07-12-1]εǿ줿 Edmund Coote νǤ The English schoole-maister: teaching all his scholers, the order of distinct reading, and true writing our English tongue (1596) 䡤Thomas Thomas Dictionarium Linguae Latinae et Anglicanae (1587) ϡФ˴ؤˤ˻Ȥ줿פʤפˤ Cawdrey ϸФ17--18%ξԤ˵äƤ롨 see Siemens: Lexicographical Method in Cawdrey. ˡƤߤȡA Table Alphabeticall Cawdrey δʥꥸʥȤϤʤΤ⤷ʤ˾ΡֺǽΡפȤƤϡĬή˾ꡤ͡׵ĤǡΤȤƻĤͿιʤΤ⼭νǤϡCawdrey Rutland ʸߤ Leicestershire ΰˤ¼ԤȤơ͡ˤ狼䤹ⶵ򤹤ɬפ򴶤ƤȤȤ̵طǤϤʤήȿλ֤Ȥ߹äȤˡŪ˸줿ΤǤ롥

Simpson, John. The First English Dictionary, 1604: Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2007.

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2010-12-17 Fri

#599. Ѹ츻ؤά (2) [etymology][lexicography]

ε[2010-12-16-1]³ǡѸ츻ؤȯŸˤγάˤĤơ18ˡ츻ؤ礭žޤ롥William Jones ιֱ ( see [2010-02-03-1] ) ˤäü郎줿19ӸؤȯŸˤꡤ츻ؤˡŪʤ礭ޤѤ뤳ȤˤʤäΤǤ롥
Walter W. Skeat ϸŪ츻ؤοΩԤȤƸƤФˤդ路 An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Arranged on an Historical Basis (1879--82) Ǥ˻ޤDz³Ʊˤν̱ǤȤ⤤ A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language (1882) Ǥ츻ηسưդäƤʤSkeat ϸ츻ؤ¿ǤƤ롧Principles of English Etymology (1887, 1891--92)A Primer of English Etymology (1892), Notes on English Etymology (1901) ơThe Science of Etymology (1912) Skeat νȤ⤤Ǥ롥Skeat Johnson μ H. Fox Talbot English Etymologies (1847) ʤɤθŤ츻ؼƤʳŪ츻ؤĥΤǤ롥
Ƹ츻ػˤ򿶤֤äƤߤȡ17μо衤ȤŪŪɴʼŵŪμȤƸ츻󤬼ˤФƤˤʤä18ˤʤäƷŪʸ캬Ʊشؿ椷Ϥ롥19Ӹؤˤäơ캬ƱϲʳŪ̩äηŪɵ椵졤Skeat OED η˷¤
֥󥷥ˤСŪʴηŪʸ츻ؤϤǤ˴˶ŤƤꡤθ츻ؤϵɽǤϤʤơʤ̣εѲ򵭽ҤΤǤʤФʤʤȤ츻ؤϡ̣ȤĤΰؤȼ򿭤Ф򤨤ʤϡ̣Ѳν̤˲Ф츻ŵƤ뤳ȤˤʤΤ

=å֥󥷥 ס رѸ츻ء١ʸ˥ӡҡ1999ǯ ( Blanchot, Jean-Jacques. L'Étymologie Anglaise. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1995. )

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2010-12-16 Thu

#598. Ѹ츻ؤά (1) [etymology][lexicography][cawdrey][johnson]

Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ڤ˱Ѹ켭³ȸϤ17Ƭ顤OED ǤϤ19Ⱦ˻ޤǤˡ츻μɤΤ褦˱Ѹ켭ȿǤƤƸ츻ؤȤʬɤΤ褦ȯŸƤ򡤥֥󥷥2ϡֶʳذαѸ츻ءס3ϡʸˡؼԤȼԻԡפ˵äƳά򼨤
ޤŪǤϤ뤬γѸȷݽѸ˸츻ŪҤäȤ٤ϡ۸ Thomas Blount ˤ Glossographia (1656) Ǥ롥Henry Cockeram The English Dictionarie (1623) ϤȤμϡ츻 Francis Holyoke Ѽ Dictionarium Etymologicum (1639) ˵ĤġȼϰդäƤ롥츻ιͤϡ֤˴ŤΤǤϤʤƤϢ˴Ť̤ϤʤΤǤϤ뤬˸츻ŪηǺܤ󾧤ꥹμԻԤȤƸ츻ػ˾塤פǤ롥
Ʒ֤˴ŤŪʸ츻ѤäƸ츻 Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae (1671) ԻΤ Stephen Skinner Ǥ롥Skinner 1691ǯˤϤβ A New English Dictionary, Shewing the Etymological Derivation of the English Tongue, in Two Parts ǤƤ롥ܻϤޤdzάŪǤꡤ­ΩĤ֤˴Ť츻ƤƤǡ츻ػ˾塤⤬롥ǤϥƥнŤθ츻ѤĤĤꡤޥˤؿʧ롥Ʊˤϡƿ̾ Gazophylacium Anglicanum (1689) 褦ʸ츻ѤäƽǤƤ롥
Τ褦˷֤˴Ť츻ؤ˰äƤä캬ηŪƱ̤ʴؿ󤻤Ǹ츻ػ˾פôäƤΤ Nathaniel Bailey An Universal Etymological English Dictionary (1721) Ǥ롥θ츻1802ǯޤǤ25ǤŤͤۤɽѤ줿Bailey Ϥޤ Dictionarium Britannicaum: Or, A More Compleat Universal Etymological English Dictionary than any Extant, etc. Containing not only the Words, and their Explications; but their Etymologies . . . (1730) ԤǤ⤢롥1736ǯ2ǤǤϡޥؼ Thomas Lediard ζϤդƸ츻ŪϤ˭ˤʤäμᡤ1755ǯˤ Joseph Nicol Scott ˤ A New Universal Etymological English Dictionary Ǥ줿
褽Ʊˡ츻ϸɤԲķμǤȤΩ줫顤Benjamin Martin ˤ Linguae Britannica Reformata, Or, A New English Dictionary (1749) 롥ơSamuel Johnson ϡ츻ؤδǧ᤿ A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) 礤˸츻ߡθ츻Ѥ礭ʱƶͿ뤳ȤȤʤä
Τȡ18˸̩ʷŪƱˡӸؤ֤롥θ츻ؤؤΥѥȤˤĤƤεǡ

=å֥󥷥 ס رѸ츻ء١ʸ˥ӡҡ1999ǯ ( Blanchot, Jean-Jacques. L'Étymologie Anglaise. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1995. )

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2010-12-10 Fri

#592. Hobson-Jobson [indian_english][dictionary][lexicography]

Anglo-Indian θýθŵȤС1886ǯǤνǤ줿 Hobson-Jobson ̾Τ뼭Ǥ롥1619ޤǤΤץ롼Ȥǽ줿 Anglo-Indian ýǡɤνΤߤʤ餺ӥޤ᤿ͳ褹ϿƤ롥äơ"Indian" ȤϤäƤ⥤ɤ濴ȤʤäƤ뤷ޤ "Anglo" ȤϤäƤ¿θϱѸʳ˥ե󥹸ݥȥؤäƤΤǡϰϤιðۤʸýǤ롥ФϱѸ첽줿 Victoria īֻ󤵤Ƥ롥ͳ㤬˭٤Ǥ롥
2ǤΤΤǥ벽ƤꡤǸǽǤ롥̾Ȥʤä Anglo-Indian ñ Hobson-Jobson ˤĤƤϡθФ HOBSON-JOBSON 򻲾ȡ̾ͳȤطʤˤĤƤۣ¿դϻҶäݤȤͤ򤱤ʤƤ褦ȤȽ줿褦Ǥ롥ƤȤƤβͤ⤯ɾ졤ȥ꡼ΤĤ OED ˤȿǤ줿
"Anglo-Indian words" λؤϰϤϹ񤷤Front Matter dzפϤĤ롥

In its original conception it was intended to deal with all that class of words which, not in general pertaining to the technicalities of administration, recur constantly in the daily intercourse of the English in India, either as expressing ideas really not provided for by our mother-tongue, or supposed by the speakers (often quite erroneously) to express something not capable of just denotation by any English term. A certain percentage of such words have been carried to England by the constant reflux to their native shore of Anglo-Indians, who in some degree imbue with their notions and phraseology the circles from which they had gone forth. This effect has been still more promoted by the currency of a vast mass of literature, of all qualities and for all ages, dealing with Indian subjects; as well as by the regular appearance, for many years past, of Indian correspondence in English newspapers, insomuch that a considerable number of the expressions in question have not only become familiar in sound to English ears, but have become naturalised in the English language, and are meeting with ample recognition in the great Dictionary edited by Dr. Murray at Oxford. (xv--xvi)



Yule, Henry and A. C. Burnell, eds. Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive. 1st ed. 1886. 2nd ed. Ed. William Crooke. London: Murray, 1903. 2nd ed. reprinted as Hobson-Jobson: The Anglo-Indian Dictionary. Ware: Wordsworth, 1996.
Crystal, David. Evolving English: One Language, Many Voices. London: The British Library, 2010. 147.

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2010-11-24 Wed

#576. inkhorn term ȱѸ켭 [emode][loan_word][latin][inkhorn_term][lexicography][cawdrey][lexicology][popular_passage]

[2010-08-18-1]εǡ֥ס inkhorn term ˤˤĤƿ줿16ͥ󥹤ǮˤĤ줿ؼԤϡꥷƥ줫̤˸äѸؼѤʳŪѸ줬¿Ѥ®٤⤢ޤ˵ޤäᡤθݼŪʳؼԤ inkhorn terms 餵褦ˤʤäɽŪȽȤ1ͤ Thomas Wilson (1528?--81) Ǥ롥 The Arte of Rhetorique (1553) ǼΤ褦˼ĥƤ롥

Among all other lessons this should first be learned, that wee never affect any straunge ynkehorne termes, but to speake as is commonly received: neither seeking to be over fine nor yet living over-carelesse, using our speeche as most men doe, and ordering our wittes as the fewest have done. Some seeke so far for outlandish English, that they forget altogether their mothers language.


Wilson 񤷤 "ynkehorne termes" ȤƤϼΤ褦ʸ礬롥ex. revolting, ingent affabilitie, ingenious capacity, magnifical dexteritie, dominicall superioritie, splendidiousΥƥ줫֤βϡ[2010-02-13-1]εǿ줿15 aureate diction ˡפγǤȤ
inkhorn controversy 16̤³ʪȤƱѸ˾塤פʤΤޤ뤳ȤˤʤäѸ켭Ǥ롥inkhorn terms ȡɬŪ켭񤬵褦ˤʤäRobert Cawdrey (1580--1604) ϡ1604ǯ3000ϿʿפݤȤ A Table Alphabeticall Ǥɽβơ줳³1Ѽ ( monolingual dictionary ) ʤѱѼäΤǤ롥ߡEFL ؽԤʿפγƼѱѼˤäˤʤäƤ뤬طʤˤ16 inkhorn terms inkhorn controversy ƤΤǤ롥
A Table Alphabeticall ˤĤƤϡBritish Museum βͭѤǤ롥

Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.
McArthur, Tom, ed. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford: OUP, 1992.

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2010-09-21 Tue

#512. ̾ [scientific_name][lexicography]

ε[2010-09-20-1]ǥꥯγ̾ ( scientific name ) ˤγ̾ ( scientific name ) ȤΤϰΤɤΤ褦ʤΤ
̾ưʪʬෲˤơ̿̾˴ŤƤĤŪ̾ΤǤ롥ǥ󡤥ץؤοʪض ( Carl von Linné [1707-78] ) 1758ǯ˹ͰƤ̾ˡ ( binomial nomenclature ) Ѥ졤°ܼ̾̾פɽ蘆̾磻åΡˡ촴ˤϥƥޤϥƥ첽ꥷ줽¾θ줬Ѥ롥Τˤϡ°ܼ̾̾̿̾ԡפȤ뤬̿̾ԤʬϾά뤳Ȥ¿㤨ХҥȤΤˤ Homo sapience Linne ɽ蘆롥 ( species )° ( genus ) ³̶ʬˤϡ ( family ) ( order ) ( class ) ( phylum ) ( kingdom ) 롥β̶ʬȤưѼ郎ꡤޤɽˤ3ܤդä롥㤨ХɥϥΰȤ졤Gorilla gorilla gorilla ɽʰʾ塤Ƽλŵŵˡ
̾ϥƥ˴ŤƤȤϤ̾̾Ʊͤ universal ʼ ID Ǥ롥äơѸ켭˷Ǻܤڹ礤ΤΤǤϤʤȤͤ⤢롥ΰ̣Ǥϡܸ켭ˤ⤽¾Τɤʸ̸켭ˤǺܤڹ礤ΤΤǤϤʤȤȤˤʤ롥̾ɴʼŵ缭ŵʬȤΩ
ǡ̼̾˺ܤäƤлѼԤˤȤäǤ뤳ȤΤǤ롥βˤ°ʤΤʤСդˤФ٤Ƥθ°ΤѸ켭ܸ켭ˤäƤ褤ȤʸɤǤ Myrmecophaga ȽФƤȤˡ¼ơ֥ꥯ°פȽФƤгΤˤۤäȤ롥
̾˭٤˷ǺܤƤѸ켭ȤäƻפФΤ Web3 ( Webster's Third New International Unabridged Dictionary ) Ǥ롥ĤƼԻξȹȤ Web3 ȼȤ߹äȤ뤬ۤɤγ̾˽Ф路ޤȤٶƤкƥ󡦥ꥷϢ ( combining form; see [2010-09-20-1] ) ˶ʤäƤ⤷ʤ˰ݤƤɤǤϤʤä衤ĿŪˤϳ̾ѸΰȤϤߤʤʤʪؤμȤƴؿγȤƤ
ȤϤؽѤιߤˤ̤̾θäˤޤǡֹߤפƤ륱Ϥ롥Homo sapiens ʤɤϿ͸դƤꡤɬ⾰ʽѸȤϤʤʸ COBUILD μꡥ

What distinguishes homo sapiens from every other living creature is the mind.


ޤݸĻΥȥʼˡʱѸ¯̾ Japanese crested ibis ˤγ̾ Nipponia nippon ȤǤƤޤäΤܤħåΤ̾ȤƤҤȤΩäƤ롥
ưʪࡤ²ۡʪΰˤϤƤ̾Ƥ롥Web3 ؤΥ٥󥸤Ȥơ줫ưʪΰγ̾ܤƤ椳ȡ񤭤ʤäȤդ

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