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have - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2024-10-23 Wed

#5658. Ū have got ȯã (2) [periphrasis][grammaticalisation][have][perfect][participle][emode][auxiliary_verb]

ε#5657. Ū have got ȯã (1) ([2024-10-22-1]) ˰³ǤŪȤʤäαŪɽˤĤơ
Rissanen (220) ѸƤʸˤơƱɽȯˤĤƸڤƤ롥

The perfect have got, which is almost a rule, instead of the present tense have, in colloquial present-day British English, is attested from the end of the sixteenth century. The periphrastic form here is possibly due to a tendency to increase the weight of the verbal group, particularly in sentence-final position. The association of have with the auxiliaries may have supported the development of the two-verb structure.

(173) Some have got twenty four pieces of ivory cut in the shape of dice, . . . and with these they have played at vacant hours with a childe ([HC] Hoole 7)
(174) Bon. What will your Worship please to have for Supper?
      Aim. What have you got?
      Bon. Sir, we have a delicate piece of Beef in the Pot . . .
      Aim. Have you got any fish or Wildfowl? ([HC] Farquhar I.i)


νиطʤȤƹͤ2󤲤Ƥ롥1ĤϡʣưȤ뤳ȤDZΧŪʡֽŤߡפϤ褯ʤȤȤȤ櫓ʸˤưʲʬˤ got ȸǤϹΧˤʤȤȤϤɤޤǼ¾ڤΤˤʤȤǤ롥
⤦1Ĥϡhave ưȤƿ񤦤褦ˤʤäƤˡ got Τ褦̤ư줬³2ʣưȤƵǽ뤳ȤϡŪ˼ʤȤȤƶǤ롥have + ʬפߴλɽ魯ȤΤϡǤѸ̤ΤȤäȤ櫓 have got αȯãƤϤʤѶŪ褦ƶǤϤʤ
17ʰʹߡˤθˤʸ̮ܤĴƤɬפ롥

Rissanen, Matti. "Syntax." The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 3. Cambridge: CUP, 1999. 187--331.

Referrer (Inside): [2024-11-07-1]

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2024-10-22 Tue

#5657. Ū have got ȯã (1) --- Mond ǤμȲ [periphrasis][have][perfect][participle][grammaticalisation][emode][mond][sobokunagimon][eebo]

mond_20241020.png



μͭӥ Mond ˴󤻤ƤֱŪ have gotפ˴ؤѤʵˡޤꤪɤߤϤäȾܤĴ٤ʤФʤʤǡϤȤꤢβäΤǤ򵡤˹ͤϤƤߤȻפޤ
ǽΰϡĤǤ OED ǤŪ have got ϡOED get (v.) IV ιˡλüˡȤƵҤޤ

IV. Specialized uses of the perfect.

   In this use, the perfect and past perfect of get (have got, has got, had got) function as a present and past tense verb, which, owing to its formation, does not enter into further compound forms (perfect and past perfect, progressive, passive, or periphrastic expressions with to do), or have an imperative or infinitive.

   In colloquial, regional, and nonstandard use, omission of auxiliary have is frequent in the uses at this branch (e.g. I got some, you got to): see examples in etymology section. An inflected form gots is also sometimes found in similar use (e.g. I gots some, he gots to), especially in African American usage: see further examples in etymology section.

IV.i. In senses equivalent to those of the present and past tenses of have.

   Often, especially in early use, difficult to distinguish from the dynamic use 'have obtained or acquired'.

IV.i.33.a. transitive. To hold as property, be in possession of, own; to possess as a part, attribute, or characteristic; = have v. I.i

[1600 What a beard hast thou got; thou hast got more haire on thy chinne, then Dobbin my philhorse hase on his taile.
   W. Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice]
1611 The care of conseruing and increasing the goods they haue got, and the feare of loosing that which they enioy.
   J. Maxwell, translation of Treasure of Tranquillity xvii. 144
a1616 Fie, th'art a churle, ye'haue got a humour there Does not become a man.
   W. Shakespeare, Timon of Athens (1623) i.ii.25
c1635 My lady has got a cast of her eye.
   H. Glapthorne, Lady Mother (1959) ii.i.22
1670 They have got..such a peculiar Method of Text-dividing.
   J. Eachard, Grounds Contempt of Clergy 113
. . . .


have got ưŪʰ̣ɽ魯ΤξŪʰ̣ɽ魯Τä˽ˤĤƤȽ̤ˤȽҤ٤ƤϤޤ17٤ƤäȤ EEBO corpus Ĵ٤¤ְ㤤ʤǤʤɤΤ褦ʷаޤǤɽ졤ŪˤʤäƤäΤꤷƤɬפޤ

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2020-12-27 Sun

#4262. ʤ have, has, had ϤΤ褦ȯֻʤΤǤ --- hellog 饸 [hellog-radio][sobokunagimon][gvs][sound_change][vowel][spelling_pronunciation_gap][pronunciation][spelling][have][conjugation][3sp][verb][consonant][phonetics]

ưȤƤưȤƤĶٸǤ have ĶٸǤԵ§ʤȤ䤹ȤȤϡ褯ΤäƤ뤳ȤȻפޤǤhave μդˤϤޤԵ§ʤȤ¿Ǥ͡
ޤ<have> ֤ä /hæv/ ɤळȤ餷̯Ǥgave /geɪv/, save /seɪv/, cave /keɪv/ Ȼ褦ֻǤ */heɪv/ ȤʤꤽʤΤǤϤʤޤhave ֤Ƭ be- Ĥ behave ͽ̤ /biˈheɪv/ Ȥʤ뤳ȤͤȡޤޤԻ׵ĤǤ
ˡ3ñ *haves ǤϤʤ has ȤʤΤ̯Ǥˡʬ˷ *haved ǤϤʤ had ȤʤΤ⡤ƱͤǤޤ󡥤ʤ̤ *haves *haved ȤʤäƤʤΤǤ礦Ǥϡ3ĤεˤĤơѸˤΩ줫Ƥߤޤ礦ɤ



Ǥ¤Ѹˤ /hɑːvə/ ʤĹ첻 have ȯ̤ˤäΤǤ줬³ƤС첻 (gvs) ͳƸޤǤ */heɪv/ ȤʤäƤϤǤޤ٤⤤Ǥ뤿ˡû첻ƤޤäȤ櫓Ǥ
Ʊͤˡ3ñʬ˷ȤƤ⡤ѸˤϺǤϥ haves haved ѤƤޤ13ʹߤ˸ /v/ Ͼü뷹򼨤Ȥ櫓ĶٸȤȤ⤢äƤηɽ졤̤Ȥ has had ˤʤäƤޤäΤǤ/v/ ξüϡhead, lord, lady, lark, poor θˤؤäƤޤʵդˤСθˤ /v/ ޤޤƤ櫓Ǥˡ
츫Ե§ˤߤطʤˤϡٸǤ뤳ȡƲѲȤ¸ߤΤǤŪͳ櫓Ǥ͡˴ؿäϡ##4065,2200,1348εåˤƾܤɤߤ

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2020-06-20 Sat

#4072. Ѹ have ȥƥ habere, ե󥹸 avoir ̸츻 [etymology][have][grimms_law][cognate][contronym]

ε#4071. ճճ able -able ̸츻 ([2020-06-19-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡɽŪˤϹƤƤ⡤츻ޤäۤʤȤϾʤʤդˡɽŪˤϻƤĤʤΤ˸츻ŪˤƱȤȤ⤢롥ԤȤƤϡ#778. P-Celtic Q-Celtic ([2011-06-14-1]) Ǿ줿 cow beef 㤬ʢʤƱ츻ˡ
ԤȤơƻ able θ츻ȴϢƼ夲ƥư habēre ȱѸư have δط󤲤褦ξȤⲻ̤äƤꡤ֤äƤפȤͭƤ뤳Ȥ顤QŪˤϸ츻Ū˴ϢȻפäƤޤ#2297. Ѹ flow ȥƥ fluere ([2015-08-11-1]) ǤŦȤꡤ̸츻Ǥ롥
θƸǤϤƴŪưǤ뤫顤츻Ūˤ have ϥޥϡhabēre ϥåϤ̤롥ˡ§ (grimms_law) ˤĤƳؤȤСƬ h Τ褦ʲƱˡ§βѲФޥϤθȡȤϰۤʤаޤ򤿤ɤäåϤθȤΤǶͭ뤳ȤΤʤȤʬ롥ˡ§ջбѸ h ϰĸ *k ̤ϤǤꡤǥƥ h ϰĸ *gh бϤǤ롥ĤޤꡤѸ h ȥƥ h εϰפʤ
Ѹ have ϡĸ *kap- (to grasp) ̤롥ķϻҲѲ˥ƥ˷Ѿ졤capere (to hold) ʤɤ˻ĤäƤ롥ͳ褹 caption, captive, capture ʤɤϡѸʹߤ˱ѸؼѤƤ롥
ƥ habēre ϰĸ *ghabh- (to give; to receive) ̤ꡤϤʤȱѸ give ƱǤ롥ͿפȡּפȤȿиθ *ghabh- Ʊ路ƤȤΤ̯˻פ뤫⤷ʤּפ֤餤פϤ⤽߹԰٤Ǥꡤ3ԤߤƱĤι԰٤ˤߤ롥Τ褦ʸ (contronym) Ȥʡ#566. contronym ([2010-11-14-1]) #1308. learn Ρֶפθ ([2012-11-25-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ츻Ū˴Ϣϥƥ줫Ѹذճ¿äƤƤꡤ able Ϥhabit, exhibit, inhabit, inhibit, prohibit ʤɤ캬ͭ롥ե󥹸졤ڥδư avoir, habere ƥ habēre ηǤꡤѸ have Ȥϸ츻Ū̵طǤ롥
ɸϡָθ츻פιָθ츻פˤĤƤϡرѸ츻ŵ(pp. 1666--67) 򻲾Ȥ줿

߷ ˧ͺ (Խ紴)رѸ츻ŵ١ҡ1997ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-02-24-1] [2022-02-21-1]

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2020-06-13 Sat

#4065. ʤ have ϤΥڥ󥰤ǡ֥إפǤϤʤ֥ϥפȯΤǤ [sobokunagimon][spelling][pronunciation][have][spelling_pronunciation_gap][vowel][degemination][gvs]

2ε#4063. ʤ are ϤΥڥ󥰤ǡ֥פǤϤʤ֥פȯΤǤ ([2020-06-11-1])#4064. ʤ were ϤΥڥ󥰤ǡ֥פ֥פǤϤʤ֥פȯΤǤ ([2020-06-12-1]) ˰³ơɸѤʵǤ2ĤεȤޤäƱǤΤǡɤɼԤǤ뤫Ȼפޤ
have Ķ٤εǽǤΤǡˤäˤ̤Ʋμ岽ȶ򷫤֤ƤޤűѸʸˤ habban Ȥ֤ǡ촴첻û첻Ǥcf. #74. /b/ /v/ ְ㤨!? ([2009-07-11-1])#2200. ʤ *haves, *haved ǤϤʤ has, had ʤΤ ([2015-05-06-1]) <bb> ɽƤ2ŻҲѸˤæŻҲ (degemination) Ϣưûä촴첻Ĺơ[haːvə] Τ褦ʲˤʤޤĹ첻ѤƤС첻 (gvs) ФơǤ [heɪv] ȤʤäƤǤ礦ºݡƬ be- դ behave ϡͽۤȯ򼨤ޤ
have ΤΤĶ٤εǽǤʤˤˤƤӼ岽첻û뤳Ȥ򤱤ޤǤѸʹߤ [hav] [hæv] Фơߤ˻ޤ (cf. #3998. ʤ apple a ̤Ρ֥פǤϤʤ֥פ˶ᤤȯʤΤǤ ([2020-04-07-1]))
are, were, have ΤˤƤ⡤ȯˤĤƤϼ岽鶯ѲФƤޤڥ󥰤Ѹդ꤫̯˰ꤷƤȤΤߥǤĶٸħʤΤ⤷ޤ󡥴Ϣơ#1024. ѸֻԵ§줳 ([2012-02-15-1]) ɤ
ޤ᤿3֤εϡJespersen (1299--30; 4.432) ˰͵򤷤Ƽɮޤ

Jespersen, Otto. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part 1. Sounds and Spellings. London: Allen and Unwin, 1909.

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2015-05-06 Wed

#2200. ʤ *haves, *haved ǤϤʤ has, had ʤΤ [phonetics][consonant][assimilation][conjugation][inflection][3sp][verb][paradigm][oe][suffix][sobokunagimon][have][v]

ɸΤ褦ˡѸ have Ե§ѲưǤ롥has -s 뤷, had -d ⤢뤫顤Ե§Ȥϼ㴳Ե§Ȥ٤ʤ *haves *haved ǤϤʤΤ
ŪˤߤСߤǤϵƤʤ haves haved ¸ߤűѸ˾Ȥ餷ƤߤȡưϽ˵§Ūʶޤ򤹤ưǤϤʤä٤˵§ŪǤꡤ̤ϻ¾ε§ѲưȹͤƤƺ٤ʤűѸ䡤Ȥ櫓ѸǤϡhaves haved ֵ§Ūפʽ֤Τ˹ԤƤΤǤ롥
űѸ habban (have) ζɽϡ#74. /b/ /v/ ְ㤨!? ([2009-07-11-1]) ǷǤʲ˰۷֤ޤ᤿ɽƷǤ褦

habban (have)Present IndicativePresent SubjunctivePreterite IndicativePreterite SubjunctiveImperative
1st sg.hæbbehæbbehæfdehæfde 
2nd sg.hæfst, hafasthafa
3rd sg.hæfþ, hafaþ 
pl.habbaþhæbbenhæfdonhæfdenhabbaþ


Pres. Ind. 3rd Sg. βսߤȡűѸ has ֤Ȥơhæfþ, hafaþ 2󤬤äȤ狼롥 Τ褦2ҲܤԤηǤϡѸ˺ǽλҲ f æhath ʤɤη֤ hath ϶Ѹޤ³
3ñθ -(e)th -(e)s ѲаޤˤĤơ#2141. 3ñ -th -s Ѳγס ([2015-03-08-1]) Ϥᡤ#1855. ꥫѸ˿ʤǤ3ñ -th -s ([2014-05-26-1])#1856. ưľˡ߷ -eth 17Ⱦˤ -s ȯƤ ([2014-05-27-1])#1857. 3ñ -th -s Ѳθưϡ ([2014-05-28-1])#2156. C16b--C17a 3ñ -th -s Ѳ ([2015-03-23-1]) ʤɤεǼ夲ƤܲδؿǤ븽Ѹ has Ȥ֤ľܤεϡhath ζ޸ִ˵ϡűѸ Northumbria ˳ǧ hæfis, haefes ʤɤ˵٤ -s ĸűѸν֤ϡѸˤϤ¿η֤ȯãf 첻˶ޤ줿Ķæꡤfs Τ褦2ҲܤĶæʤɤơŪ has Τ褦ʷ֤Ϥ줿hath has 鿰æϡΤ褦ˤۤʿŪǤ롥Ϣơhave of ˤĤơ³줬ҲǻϤޤȤ˿æ뤳ȤѸˤƤߤ줿ye ha seyn (you have seen) o þat light (of that light) ʤɤ򻲾Ȥ줿 (p. 411ˡ
ʤ had ˤĤƤϡ#1348. 13ʹߤ v ([2013-01-04-1]) Ǽ夲褦ˡ¿θ v νϤȤǤ롥#23. "Good evening, ladies and gentlemen!"ϴְ㤤 ([2009-05-21-1]) 碌ƻȤ줿
MED hāven (v.) ԴѤʰֻꥹȤǡhas had ֤ΤƤ餤

סزˡ١Ѹ11罤۽Ź1985ǯ

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2009-07-11 Sat

#74. /b/ /v/ ְ㤨!? [consonant][phonetics][oe][inflection][have]

[2009-07-09-1]ǡܸüԤʤ餺Ȥ [r] [l] θؤϵΤ顤ξԤְ㤨ΤȤȽҤ٤ϡޤäƱ [b] [v] ְ㤨Ǥ뤳Ȥ򼨤
ޤˡ[b] [v] ϲŪ˶ᤤ[2009-05-29-1]λҲɽdzΤƤߤȡξȤͭǿȤǤ뤳Ȥ狼롥ͣΰ㤤Ĵͼǡ[b] ĺ[v] ໤Ǥ롥ĤޤꡤĤ [b]ˤ [v] ȤȤˤʤ롥
ˡ츻Ū˴Ϣ֤δ֤ǡ[b] [v] ؤ㤬롥űѸ habban ( PDE to have ) ζޤ򸫤Ƥߤ褦

inflection of habban

Τ20Ĥ޷Τ8Ĥ [b] 12Ĥ [v] ġ֤Ǥ <f> ˡѸ have ζޤ [b] 뤳ȤϤʤűѸ줬 habban äȤܤͤ롥libban ( PDE to live ) ƱͤǤ롥

inflection of libban

軰ˡѸ to bib ְפϥƥ bibere ְפѤΤȹͤ뤬ƥδΤ̾ -age ղäǡѸ˼Ѥ줿 beverage ְפǤϡܤ [b] [v] ˸ؤƤ롥ޤƥ bibere бե󥹸 boire Ǥ뤬Ԥζ޷ǤϤǤ [v] ظؤƤ㤬㡧nous buvons "we drink" ʤɡˡ
Ϥꡤ[b] [v] ϸؤۤɤ˶ᤫäΤǼä I rub you ȸʢȯʬޤ礦ˡ

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