912ˡѤʵץʡǼΤ褦ʼ#1597. star stella ([2013-09-10-1]) ơƱ [r] [l] θؤ˴ؤǤ롥
uca 2013-09-12 02:50:55
ΥȥԥåstellaȱstarδطˤĤƿƤޤ˵˴ȤޤϡʩtitreȱtitleδطǤˤϤɤаޤäΤǤ礦ƥǤtitulusʤΤǡѲϤޤǥեǤѲʤΤǤ礦йǤ
Ѹ title ФƥեϳΤ titre Ǥ롥츻ҤȤȡĸ *tel- (ground, floor, board) ̤롥θ캬βýŷ (reduplication) Ȥ˰ĸ *titel- ƷƤꡤ줬ʸڤƥ titulus (inscription, label) ȯŸȤ롥ʿ̤Ĥ˹ΡפۤɤθáʸˡʸɽפʤɤθǤ˥ƥȯãƤΥƥϡťե title ȤȯŸ줬ѸؼѤ줿Ф14νẢǤ롥űѸƱƥѤ titul ѤƤȤ顤Ѹ tītle ϡθűѸȯãΤȲ᤹ OED Τ褦Ω⤢롥ˤ衤ѸǤϰӤƸ츻Ū [l] ѤƤȤϳΤǤ롥
ȡե titre [r] ϡեˤʤФʤʤȤȤˤʤ롥Ѹեθ츻ŵʤɤˤĤäƤߤ¿ñ [l] > [r] ȵҤΤߤǡʾϤʤäͣ Klein ϡ"OF. title (in French dissimilated into titre)" ۲ (dissimilation) κѤη̤Ǥ뤳ȤŪ˽Ҥ٤Ƥ
Klein ʤ餺Ȥ⡤[r] [l] θؤȤСפĤϰ۲Ǥ롥#1597. star stella ([2013-09-10-1]) ǤȤꡤ۲ϡ̾ƱǶܤƤΤǤꡤΥ۲Ȥˤ롥㤨СեǤŵŪʰ۲ϡcouroir > couloir ϭ murtrir > multrir ʽĤˤΤ褦ʤΤǤ롥ƱζܤȤϤ鷺Ȥ⡤ĴŪưŤϡˤϤ롥[t] [l] ǤĴ֤ʷԡˤǤۤܰפƤΤǡĴ֤η֤äȤͤ뤫⤷ʤ[r] ȤơեȰۤʤĴ֤ [t] [l] ȤۤɰۤʤʤäϤǤꡤϤĴŪʰŪϤĤˤ۲ΤΤԵ§ñȯβtitle > titre ϡΤʤǤȤ櫓Ե§ñȯΥäȹͤʤ롥
㤬롥ƥ -tulus/-tulum θĸǡ[l] [r] ظؤ⤦1Ĥˡcapitulum > chapitle > chapitre 롥ŪˤϡեˤϱѸ -tle ϻ¾ʤΤǡƯƤΤŪ -tle ͽۤȤˡ-tre бƤȤȤ⤷ʤդ̻ŪʲӶŪʬۤϥեʻˡˤǤꡤǰʤ餳ʾˤɵǤʤ
ȤդäСѸ title 뤤ϥե titre ˤ [l] [r] ʬۤߤƤߤȤ⤷եǤϡ titulaire, titulariser Ǥϡƥ줫Ū [l] ݤäƤ롥Ѹ titular [l] Ǥ롥ѸαѸ titrate ũ, titration, titrable, titrant ϡե̾ titre äư titrer μѤǤꡤ[r] ɽ路Ƥ롥ޤѸ title Ʊ tittle ʾˤˤĤƤƤ22ŸǤꡤ־첻Ĺûκۤˤʤڥʸ ñ ȷε tilde ȸƤФ뤬ϥƥ titulus 2Ҳ3Ҳž (metathesis) ڥȤˤʤäƤ롥äơtitle, tittle, tilde ϡŪˤ̣Ūˤˤ䤫˷ӤĤ3ŸȤäƤ褤⤷ʤ
Klein, Ernest. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Dealing with the Origin of Words and Their Sense Development, Thus Illustrating the History of Civilization and Culture. 2 vols. Amsterdam/London/New York: Elsevier, 1966--67. Unabridged, one-volume ed. 1971.
ε#1510. scale ڡˤθ츻 sc- ([2013-06-15-1]) ǡsc ɽ蘆ҲˤĤƿ줿űѸ sc ֤ҲϡʳǤ [sk] λҲɽ路Ƥ9 (palatalisation) Ȼ (assibilation) βϤޤꡤ10Ⱦ1100ǯˤ [ʃ] ѲȤp. 356ˡβλĶȽ/ʃ/ βDzλʤɤäƤ͡ʰոΩƤꡤΤФƤʤ1ĤθȤ Campbell (177--78) ȰʲΤ褦ˤʤ롥
[sk] θ [k] ñΤΤⵯ䤹ƬˤƤϡǽ첻֤ǡ˾ʤȤ900ǯ˸첻֤Ƥ㤨Сscip (ship), scōh (shoe), scyldig (guilty), sceadu (shadow), sceal (shall), scilling (shilling) ǡǤ롥˸ˤϡr ֤ǤƱꡤscrēad (shred), scrēawa (shrewmouse), scrīc (shrike), scrīfan (decree), scrīn (coffer), scrincan (shrink), scrūd (shroud) ʤɤ [ʃ] Ԥʤ줿Ǥϡwasce (wash), þersce (I thresh), asce (ashes), risce (rush), disches (dish's), fisces (fish's) blyscan (blush), wȳscan (wish) Τ褦첻ˤĶǸäޤǤϡæsc (ash), disc (dish), fisc (fish), risc (rush), -isc (-ish), flǣsc (flesh) Τ褦첻θ֤ [ʃ] Ȥʤä
ʤ[ʃ] Ȥʤ餺 [sk] ΤޤĤäΤϡǸ첻֤䡤Ǹ첻θ֤ˤǤ롥fiscas (fishes), *wascan (wash), þerscan (thresh), þerscold (threshold), āscaþ (asks), tosca (frog) frosc (frog), husc (insult), tusc (tooth) ʤɤȤƵ롥θǤϤФλҲž (metathesis) [ks] ȤƼ¸롥㤨Сāxian, dixas, dox (dusk), fixas, frox, flaxe, rixe, toxa, þerxan, þerxold, waxan ǡǤ롥
űѸ˾嵭Τ褦ʲᡤߤǤѸˤ [sk] λҲϰŪˤäƬˤƤϤȤ櫓Ǥ롥դˤСƬ [sk] ĸǤϤʤѸǤǽ⤤ȤȤˤʤ롥ޤϸťΥɸβǽ줫ƥ졤ꥷʤɤβǽscore (ON), ski (ON), skill (ON), skin (ON), skirt (ON), sky (ON), school (L) script (L), skeleton (G)
סزˡ١Ѹ11罤۽Ź1985ǯ
Campbell, A. Old English Grammar. Oxford: OUP, 1959.
Wednesday ȯֻδطϰ̾⤤ǽ <d> ȯ줺/wˈenzdeɪ/ ȤʤΤѸؼԤɬĤޤ¿¿Ƥ褤ΤϡɤǤϤֻ¤ /wˈednzdeɪ/ ԤʤƤ뤳Ȥ/d/ ȯʤɸŪȯ15ˤΤܤꡤҲϢ³ /-dnz-/ δĶˤæȤ롥c1300 Layamon μܤ wendesdei Ȥž (metathesis) η֤졤14--17ˤ Wensday(e) 뤳Ȥ顤ҲϢ³ /-ndz-/ δĶˤæȹͤۤ
ȯˤĤƤ⤦1դ٤ϡ-day ̤ƤϤޤ뤳Ȥ첻ˤ /-deɪ/ ʶˤ /-di/ ʼˤ2ȯ뤳ȤRP (Received Pronunciation) Ǥ GA (General American) Ǥ⡤̤˼ޤȤ뤬ºݤˤ See you on Monday. ʤɤʸ֤Ǥ϶Monday morning ʤɤʣɽ1ȤƤϼФ뤳Ȥ¿
Τμ˸θ츻Ϥ褯ΤƤ롥礭ʬơ֤ǿ붵 (ecclesiastical) ȿ̾Ѥ (astronomical) 뤬ѸŵŪʸԤǤ롥ƥ diēs Mercuriī ʥޡ[]ˤΤʤȤơ¿ΥޥǤ Woden's day ʥǥˤƤ줿Woden ϥäμǤꡤ̲äμ Odin 롥ƱСűѸ WōdnesdæġťΥɸ óðinsdagr woensdag ʤɤǤ롥ޥΤʤǤ㳰ϡɥĸ Mittwoch ǡ϶ƥ media hebdomas ʽˤΤʤǤꡤΰȤ롥
ơΤ褦 Wednesday θ츻Ϥ褯狼äƤΤϡ1첻츻Ū o ǤϤʤe ȤƸƤ뤳Ȥe ķϸűѸǤʸڤƤ餺Ѹǽ Wedenesdei ʤɤ롥űѸΰ۷Ȥ *Wōðinas ꤷi-mutation ˤ /o/ > /e/ ȤʤäȤ⤢뤬Ϥ礯ޤťեꥸ Wernis-dei Ӥ롤ȤƤ⤢롥̾ǤϡStaffordshire Wednesbury, Wednesfield Derbyshire Wensley ⻲Ȥ롥
ε#1017. par ([2012-02-08-1]) ³εǤϡƥ par ѸؼѤ줿줹븶ϡ캬 *perə- "to allot" ꤵֳƤ롤ƤפǤȤȤޤǽҤ٤
̣ȯŸȸȤ par ȱĤʤΤܸΡ֤Ƥפ˸캬ؤȴԸС֤ʤˡפȤʤ롥 (146) θ캬ɽꡤ"ata" ʬѤ褦
| ata | Ũ |
| ata-Fi | ͡ |
| ata-Fë | Ϳ |
| ata-kamö | ʳ |
| ata-ra | ˡ |
| ata-rasi | ˡ |
| ata-ri | ա |
| ate |
[2011-06-10-1], [2011-06-14-1]εǥȽꤢϡȽΤʤǻ¾λȤʤäƤ륳 (Cornish) ȥޥ (Manx) Ҳ𤹤롥
Cornish ϡߡȥѥΰ Cornish pasty ǤΤƤ륤ɤκ Cornwall äƤ Brythonic (P-Celtic) ϤθǤ롥Cornish θŤʸ¿ϸ¸Ƥʤ14ȾΤΤȤ8000ԤĶ뱤ʸĤäƤ롥16פλ Cornish οȱѸοƩϤޤꡤ1777ǯˡϿƤǸü Dolly Pentreath ˴ʤäȤǻȤʤä[2011-06-10-1]ΥȸɤηޤǼȤꡤߥեΥ֥륿˥äƤ֥ȥ (Breton) ȺǤᤤǤ롥
"revived Cornish", "pseudo-Cornish", "Cornic" ȤΤ褷 Cornish Ǥʹ롥 ϡ20˥ζڰͭ͡ Cornish ͰŪ褵ΤǡºŪʸǤϤʤħŪʸȤ٤ʸˡ伭ȯԤƤꡤǤ Breton Welsh ǸäʤɤλߤʤƤ롥Price ɾϼ긷McArthur 265 ¹ˡ
It is rather as if one were to attempt in our present state of knowledge to create a form of spoken English on the basis of the fifteenth-century York mystery plays and very little else.
Ethnologue: Cornish ˤС2003ǯοפǿɴͤüԤȤ뤬Ǥ Cornish Ϥ "revived Cornish" ؤƤ롥
ˡManx ϥå峤 (the Irish Sea) ⤫֥ޥ (the Isle of Man) äƤ Goidelic (Q-Celtic) ϤθǤ롥ǸŤʸϡ1610ǯε (The Book of Common Prayer) Ǥ롥Manx 4˥ɤΰܽԤˤäƻޤ줿ȹͤ졤10--13ˤϥθ Old Norse ˤä˸Ū˱ƶ18ޤǤϥޥμפʸäʹߤϱѸοƩʤǸü Ned Mandrell 1974ǯ˴ʤꡤߤǤ1ȤƤϻȤʤäƤ롥Cornish ξƱ褦ˡManx οͰŪ¸αĤߤϤʤƤ뤬ħŪʰ̣礤ĶΤǤϤʤ
̾ϡ֥ޥθפ̣ ON manskr ME Manisk(e) ȤäΤǡθҲž ( metathesis ) Manx ȤʤäEthnologue: Manx ȡ

Fennell, Barbara A. A History of English: A Sociolinguistic Approach. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001.
Price, Glanville. The Languages of Britain. London: Arnold, 1984.
McArthur, Tom, ed. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford: OUP, 1992.
ε[2009-07-28-1]˰³third βžĵäϡѸϰϤȤ LALME Ƥߤ롥˸¤äƤΰ֤ꥹȤʤΤǡϤ狼ʤΤΡŪʬۤǤ롥
terd, thed, therd, therdde, therde, third, thirdde, thirde, thrd, thre, thred, thredd, thredde, threde, thrid, thridd, thridde, thride, thryd, thrydd, thrydde, thryde, thryde, thyrde, thyrd, trid, tyrd, þerd, þerde, þird, þirdde, þirde, þred, þred, þredde, þrede, þrid, þrid-, þridde, þride, þryd, þrydd, þrydde, þryde, þyrd, yerdde, yird, yirdde, yirde, yred, yredde, yrede, yrid, yridde, yride, yryd, yryde
ѸǤϲžϤۤȤɵäƤʤäѸǤϲžФ <첻 + r> 3ʬ1֤˳ǧ롥ä٤ι⤤֤ϡthird, thrid, thridde, thryd, thyrd ΤĤžǤ˷ФƤ֤Ǥ롥
ͤޤǤˡ饤Ǥ Middle English Dictionary thrid Τơ֤ǧƤߤ뤳Ȥ롥
嵭顤ž˹ޤä櫓ǤϤʤäȳμ¤ʬۤäƤȤʬ롥10ȾФθűѸλ ðirdda ȤžѤƤ⤢ꡤκʬۤƤΤǽŪ third 夹Τ϶ѸˤʤäƤꤵ뤬μ¤ʤȤ LAEME LALME ˰³ѸΥѥǰ֤ĴԤɬפ롥
Laing, Margaret and Roger Lass, eds. A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, 1150--1325. http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/ihd/laeme1/laeme1.html . Online. Edinburgh: U of Edinburgh, 2007.
McIntosh, Angus, Michael Louis Samuels, Michael Benskin, eds. A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP, 1986.
[2009-06-27-1]Ǽꤢž ( metathesis ) ɽΰĤ third 롥űѸ֤ þridda 顤ޤѸб three ֤꤫ʬȤꡤ <ir> ǤϤʤ <ri> ȤäȤ˲ΰ֤žɸ֤夤
ǤϡĤβžäΤ[2009-06-21-1]ǾҲ𤷤 LAEME LALME ȤѸ֤Ū˽ѤѤΤΤȤϤ狼롥ϡѸ ( Early Middle English ) ϰϤȤ LAEME Ĵ٤Ƥߤ
LAEME 饤ѤǤΤǡºݤ˰ʲμƤ餤TAG DICTIONARY -> Numbers ȤɤäƱ¦Υ֥饦˸ĹꥹȤΰ֤꽸Ǥ롥ɤ¿ɬפ뤬"3/qo" 3νפĤޤ third б륿ʤΤǡɤ˸С13ԤۤɤҥåȤ롥֤ȡʲ̤ꡥ
dridde, Dridðe, thred, thrid, thridde, thride, thrid/de, trhed, tridde, tridde, þerdde, þr/idde, þred, þredde, þri/de, þrid, þrid/de, þrid/den, þridda, þriddan, Þridde, þridde, þridden, þride, þridðe, þrid/de, þrirde, þri[d]/de, ðridde, Ðridde, ðride, yridde, yridden
ʾ夫顤žäƤΤ þerdde 餤ǡޤޤѸʳǤ <ri> ŪȤȤ狼롥
椬ȤˤǶβžΥҥåȺϡεΤŻסʢ֥ĥΥȥסˤǤ롥ؤƤޤäƤϡñ˲žȸƤ٤ΤɤǤ롥
Laing, Margaret and Roger Lass, eds. A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, 1150--1325. http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/ihd/laeme1/laeme1.html . Online. Edinburgh: U of Edinburgh, 2007.
McIntosh, Angus, Michael Louis Samuels, Michael Benskin, eds. A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP, 1986.
metathesis ϡthrough θ츻ΤȤ[2009-06-22-1]Ǵñ˾Ҳ𤷤Ϥ⤦ĤIJ⤷Ƥߤ롥žϰθְ㤤ǤꡤɤθüԤˤⵯꤦ롥¿ξñȯθְ㤤ǽꡤθäȤ夹뤳ȤϤޤǤ롥
椬ȤλҶθФǸȡ֤ܤɤפ֤ɤܤפˤʤꡤ֥ޥפ֥ޥפȤʤäƤ롥ľȤƤܿͤϡ֤ɤܤס֥ޥפȸäƤϤФʤΤǡΤˤƶ졤ְ㤤η椬ȤɸˤȤʤäƤޤäޤ˳ǤȤˤʤ뤬ޤ롥ְ㤤̲ȤȤϤۤȤɤʤΤǤϤʤ
ޤʥǡ̲ȤȤ⤢롥ܸǤϡ֤餿ˡפȡ֤餷פȤǤϡžäƤ롥ԤŤͳĤƤ롥椵ϡͳȯĤƤ̾ȤȤˤʤ롥ޤ֤դפ֤դפȯ뤳Ȥ¿Τ⡤žǤ롥
ѸˤˤƤⲻžϤ褯äƤꡤ̤夷ְָ㤤פ¸ߤ롥ϸűѸȸѸη֤٤ƤߤȤ狼롥̾Ƥߤ褦첻ȻҲä <r> ˤβž¿褦Ǥ롥
OE brid > PDE bird
OE gærs > PDE grass (cf. Gmc *ȝrasam )
OE hros > PDE horse (cf. Gmc *χursam )
OE iernan > PDE run (cf. Gmc *renan )
OE wæps > PDE wasp
grass, horse, run ˤĤƤϡޥĸκƷꤹΤǤСž٤äƸ˻äƤ뤳Ȥ狼롥
¾žФ֤ȷФƤʤ֤ϢȤƸѸ˶¸Ƥڥ⤢롥ѸδϡΤۤ⤷
brand : burn
nutrition : nurture
tax : task
three, thrice : third, thirteen, thirty
brand ϡ־ưפ־ɸפؤỌ̇̄ĥĤĸ˻äƤ롥
žϡȯߥˤĤȤȤʤΤ뤤ϳ줾Ȥ˳Ф뤳ȤʤΤѲΤʤǤ⡤ä˿͵ΤǤ롥
through ꤬³³ƱñˤĤơ
θϸűѸǤ þurh ȤäѸǤ֤ӤƤ狼Τϡ첻 <r> ΰ֤Ҥä֤äƤ뤳ȤǤ롥ž ( metathesis ) ȤФ븽ݤǡñˤиְ㤤Ǥ뤬through Τ褦ɸȤ夷⾯ʤʤ
Ѹ515̤֤įƤȡžεäƤΤȵäƤʤΤߤƤ뤳Ȥʬ롥
through ѸˤȤƼ夲硤metathesis ¤Ǥ⤦ġֶȼʬפˤĤƿ줿Ƥθ̾϶ʤΡּפȤȯ줿Ȥơִפΰ̣ĴȤˤ϶ΡֶפȤȯ줿ơȤ첻;פ줿Τ thorough Ȥ夷515̤ΰ֤ΤʤˤϡΤ thorough 䤽֤ǧ롥
äơ through thorough ϰĤñμȶˤʤä櫓ʻ̣ʬ̤θȤ夷櫓Ǥ롥κˤäƸߤ̤θȤʤäƤ¾ȤƤϡone / a(n) off / of ʤɤ롥
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