hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     ڡ 1 2 / page 2 (2)

eme - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2017-06-18 Sun

#2974. 2Ū칽ʸ to ʸ [synthesis_to_analysis][eme][french][contact][syntax][inflection][case][dative][syncretism][word_order][terminology][ditransitive_verb]

ε#2973. ʤ٤κ ([2017-06-17-1]) ˰³Allen ͤ󶡤
2Ū칽ʸֻ to Ѥ빽ʸ֤äƤΤϡѸǤ롥űѸԤ⸫줿ǽưμब¤ʤɤħäѸˤʤȡ٤ƤФ꤫ư¤ʧ褦ˤʤ롥ߥ󥰤ȤƤϳʶޤολȽŤʤꡤ̴ط򵿤ʤ뤬Allen ϡطȤϤʤ⿵ŤʵŸƤ롥ΥƥȤˤƤϡǤʬŪʹʸ夷Ƥե󥹸αƶ餢뤳Ȥ⼨ƤꡤñʡʬϤء (synthesis_to_analysis) ȤФԤä򤫤Ƥ롥Allen (214) Ѥ롥

It can be noted . . . that we do not require deflexion as an explanation for the rapid increase in to-datives in ME. The influence of French, in which the marking of the IO by a preposition was already well advanced, appears to be the best way to explain such text-specific facts as the surprisingly high incidence of to-datives in the Aȝenbite of Inwit. . . . [T]he dative/accusative distinction was well preserved in the Aȝenbite, which might lead us to expect that the to-dative would be infrequent because it was not needed to mark Case, but in fact we find that this work has a significantly higher frequency of this construction than do many texts in which the dative/accusative distinction has disappeared in overt morphology. The puzzle is explained, however, when we realize that the Aȝenbite was a rather slavish translation from French and shows some unmistakable signs of the influence of its French exemplar in its syntax. It is, of course, uncertain how important French influence was in the spoken language, but contact with French would surely have encouraged the use of the to-dative. It should also be remembered that an innovation such as the to-dative typically follows an S-curve, starting slowly and then rapidly increasing, so that no sudden change in another part of the grammar is required to explain the sudden increase of the to-dative.


Allen ϶ޤοȤݤ deflexion ɽƤ뤬ϤդȤƤʤ⡤νѸȤäȤʤäѸ1ĵȤͯΤϡѤκǸΤȤǡto-dative ؤΰܹԤˤĤƸóȻSȤȤڤƤ뤬δŪ˵Ҥ줿ϤΤȤȤޤοȸθ경ȤѸʸˡ˾礭⡤ޤޤ겼褦ꤽ

Allen, Cynthia L. "Case Syncretism and Word Order Change." Chapter 9 of The Handbook of the History of English. Ed. Ans van Kemenade and Bettelou Los. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006. 201--23.

Referrer (Inside): [2017-06-19-1]

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2017-06-17 Sat

#2973. ʤ٤κ [case][syncretism][eme][literature][inflection]

Allen (205) ˡʼȤƽѸΥƥȤ򡤷ŪʳɸŪĤäƤ (case-rich texts) ȡŪ̸ (deflexion) ˤꡤۤɻĤäƤʤ (case-impoverished texts) ˤޤʬषƤ롥ƥƥȤˤߤʤΡ١פκϡˤȤ礭¾ƥȤܤ˵Τ⤢Ѹγʤ븦ΩʤΤǡΥƥȤʬƸƤŪʥꥹȤǤϤʤAllen ǥѤƥȤΤߤǺܤƤˤʤΤǡդƤ

Case-rich textsDateCase-impoverished textsDate
PC I (not very rich)c.1131PC IIc.1155
Kentish Homiliesa.1150, c.1125Ormulum (Vol. II)c.1180
Lambeth Homiliesc.1200, mostly OEAncrene Wisse (Parts 1--5)c.1230, somewhat earlier
Poema Morale (Lambeth version)c.1200, c.1170--90Katherine Groupc.1225, 1200--20
Trinity Homiliesa.1225, ?OEWohungec.1220, post 1200
Brut (C MS) (1st 3,000 lines)s.xiii2, post 1189Cursor Mundi (Vesp. MS, Vol. I)c.1350
Vices and Virtuesc.1200, a.1225Havelok the Danec.1300, c.1295--1310
Owl and Nightingale (C MS)s.xiii2, 1189--1216Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle (A MS, Vol. I)c.1325, c.1300
Kentish Sermonsc.1275, pre-1250Genesis and Exodusa.1325, c.1250
Aȝenbite of Inwit1340Sir Orfeo and Amis and Amiloun (Auchinleck MS)c.1330
  Early Prose Psalterc.1350


ĤǤˡʤ٤κΤ⤦1ĤλɸȤʤ롤Hotta (40--43) ˤ "syncretism rate" Ȥǥ⻲Ȥ줿

Allen, Cynthia L. "Case Syncretism and Word Order Change." Chapter 9 of The Handbook of the History of English. Ed. Ans van Kemenade and Bettelou Los. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006. 201--23.

Referrer (Inside): [2017-06-18-1]

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2017-03-05 Sun

#2869. ťΥɸ줫μѤϸűѸǤäƤ⡤ʸڤѸ [old_norse][loan_word][borrowing][oe][eme]

üԤ̤θ줫ѤȤ԰٤ȡθѤȤȤϡʪǤ롥ԤϤޤˡּڤפȤ԰٤ԤʤƤȤ̣ưŪ borrowing ǤꡤԤϤ줬ηϤǼޤäŪ loan_word ѤǤ롥2Ԥΰ㤤ڵ (evidence) ȤҤ٤Сʸ塤Ԥ "borrowing" βϳǧ뤳ȤϤۤȤɤԤ "loan word" ѤȤƤξΤߤȿǤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥
ΰ㤤򡤱ѸˤθťΥɸμѡʸˤˤƹͤƤߤ褦Ѹ줬ťΥɸθäѤϡξ줬ܿǤ뤫顤濴ϸűѸǤ롥ˤäƤ¿ʤȤѸޤǤȤƤ⡤ܤϸűѸǤ뤳Ȥϴְ㤤ʤʡ#2591. ťΥɸϤĤޤǥ󥰥ɤǻȤƤ ([2016-05-31-1]
ѤȤ԰٤űѸνǤäȤƤ⡤Τ褦˼Ѥ줿Ѹ줬λκȤܤʤɤʸƱŪȿǤƤ뤫ɤǤ롥̾ѸϼҲŪˤٹǧΤ褦ˤʤäƤ񤭸դ˽ȤΤǤꡤѤʤ줿ȼѸ줬ʸڤδ֤ˤϥåפ롥Ȥ櫓¸űѸʸΤۤȤɤϡŪ˸ťΥɸαƶǤⴶˤ West-Saxon ɸŪʱѸˤǽ񤫤Ƥ뤿ᡤťΥɸ줫μѸξڵۤȤɼʤťΥɸαƶǻä󥰥ϡɸŪȤơȤ񤭵뵡񤬤ʤäΤǡڵȤʤʸΤΤĤäƤʤˡΥޥʹߡѸϡɤǤ졤ʸ˽Ȥ뵡񤽤ΤΤ㸺ᡤѸˤƤťΥɸ줫μѸλѤǧǤʸɬ¿ʤäơ¿θťΥɸѸ줬ʸư̾ڵȤƳǧΤϡ᤯ƤѸ졤٤иѸʹߤȤȤˤʤ롥ťΥɸμѡʸˤݤˡϤȤƤפʤΤǡõƤ
Crowley (101) ˡˤĤüŪƤս꤬ΤǡƤ

[T]he Scandinavian influence on English dialects, which began after c. 850 and outside the tradition of writing, does not show up in any significant way in the records of Old English. The substantial pre-1066 texts from the Danelaw areas show either the local Old English dialect without Scandinavian influence or standard Late West Saxon. So, despite the circumstantial evidence and Middle English attestation of a significant Scandinavian influence, not much can be made of it for Old English.


Crowley, Joseph P. "The Study of Old English Dialects." English Studies 67 (1986): 97--104.

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2017-02-25 Sat

#2861. Cursor Mundi ԤѸǽ񤤤ͳ [popular_passage][norman_conquest][norman_french][reestablishment_of_english][language_shift][eme][me_text]

Υޥ (norman_conquest) θ塤󥰥ɤ꽻뤳ȤˤʤäΥޥͤȤλ¹ϡФ餯δ֡ʬǤ norman_french ä³󥰥ɼҲĺΩĥΥޥͤβ²Ȥ㤿ϡä˸Ūʸ̮ˤơե󥹸Ѥ򤺤äĹ³ƤȤϻ¤Ǥ롥ˤĤƤϡʲεϤȤơȼ夲Ƥ

#131. Ѹ ([2009-09-05-1])
#661. 12󥰥ɿͤäդȽ񤭸ա ([2011-02-17-1])
#1204. 12Υ󥰥ɲΡֱѸϡס ([2012-08-13-1])
#1461. William's writ ([2013-04-27-1])
#2567. 13Υ󥰥ɿͤȱѸηӤĤ ([2016-05-07-1])
#2604. 13Υե󥹸ʸŪŪϰ̡ ([2016-06-13-1])

äˡ1300ǯ Robert of Gloucester 路 Chronicle ǤϡΥޥͤե󥹸Ѥ³Ƥ븽ˤĤơԤܤ䤤Ƥս꤬ۤɤʡ#2148. Ѹ diglossia ̤ bilingualism ʸ ([2015-03-15-1]) ΰѤ򻲾ȡˡ
ͤʤФʤȤϡ˽Ҥ٤ϡ褽Υޥͤβ²ˤΤƤϤޤäȤȤŪʬ㤤ΥޥͤϡϤˤ¿αѸüԤ륤󥰥ɿͤΰϤΤȤǡ᤯˥ե󥹸줫Υ졤Ѹؾ괹Ƥ
Τ褦ʸ椨ˡǤ1300ǯˤϡѸüԤΤʤˤϡѸǤΤ񤳤ȤָĿŪʡưŤϽʬˤäϤѸǽ񤯤ȤϼҲŪγˤäΤǡּҲŪˡפȤ𤬤äǤ롥򿶤ڤäơѸǤΤ񤭼⸽ϤƤ1300ǯǽ񤫤줿Ĺ Cursor Mundi Ԥ⡤1ͤǤ롥ʤѸǽ񤯤ΤȤͳ򤢤ƽ񤭵Ƥս (Prologue, II, ll. 232--50) Gramley (72--73) ͳǰѤ褦

þis ilk bok es translate
Into Inglis tong to rede
For the loue of Inglis lede,
Inglish lede of Ingland,
For the commun at understand.
Frankis rimes here I redd,
Comunlik in ilk[a] sted;
Mast es it wroght for frankis man,
Quat is for him na Frankis can?
In Ingland the nacion,
Es Inglis man þar in commun;
þe speche þat man wit mast may spede;
Mast þarwit to speke war nede.
Selden was for ani chance
Praised Inglis tong in France;
Give we ilkan þare langage,
Me think we do þam non outrage.
To laud and Inglish man I spell
þat understandes þat I tell.


Ѹǽͳ򤢤ƽ񤭵ƤȤȤ顤դˤ줬ҲŪˤϤޤ̤ιԤǤϤʤäȤ롥

Gramley, Stephan. The History of English: An Introduction. Abingdon: Routledge, 2012.

Referrer (Inside): [2017-07-02-1]

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2016-11-22 Tue

#2766. Ѹˤ1;̾ʤΰ۷֤ʬ [laeme][eme][map][personal_pronoun][owl_and_nightingale][compensatory_lengthening]

ѸΥƥ The Owl and the Nightingale Cartlidge ǤɤǤ롥868ԤˤΥƥȤͣȤơ1;̾ʤȤ ih ֻ롥椬ΤΤˤĤƵƤ륷ǡNe singe ih hom no foliot! ȤѤƤ롥ֻCܤΤΤǤꡤФJܤǤϤβս˰Ūֻ ich ѤƤ롥
λ¤顤Ѹˤ1;̾ʤΰ۷֤ʬۤ˴ؿäǡLAEME ʬۤ򤵤äĴ٤Ƥߤ뤳Ȥˤä˵ˤʤäƤΤϸλҲ̵ͭӤλҲμǤ롥첻̵뤷ŵŪֻפФƤߤȡich, ik, ih, i դ꤬󤬤롥٤Фۤˤ⤢ꤦ뤬̤4ֻˤĤƽиʬۤ绨ĤˤߤƤ
LAEME ΥץϤ褯ǤƤΤǡιԤʤäȤȤС֤˴ؤϿޤɽ뤳ȤΤߤʲ4ʬۿޤĤʤ碌ΤǺܤ롥ץ󤬾ɤߤˤִطϼɽ˼̤ʲ򥯥åгǤˡ

ʲιϿޤǤΰMap No.
00001312I: Ih, ih and yh
00001305I: 'ik', all k forms, incl icke.
00001302I: '(h)ich' and 'ych' incl iich and ichs
00001308I: I.

LAEME Map for Variants of I

ʬۤȤƤϡŪ ich ϤǤ̤˹äƤΤʬ롥λҲ i Ϥֻ̤ǤꡤȤ˹äƤ롥 ih Ϥܤֻɽ魯ΡǤݼŪȸʬ˻٤Ǥ롥 ik Ϥϡ˻ߤ٤ǡŪǤϤʤ
The Owl and the Nightingale ˤĤƤ͡ʵʤƤμܤ⡤ΤΤȤ᤬ŪǤ롥餹ȡCܤ ih 줿ȤȤϡѸΤȰפ
˴ؿäƤΤϡŪ ich ʤϩéäƸ I ؤѲƤäȤŪ˴ط뤫μդˤĤơ#1198. ic I ([2012-08-07-1])#1773. ich, everich, -lich ch ä ([2014-03-05-1]) Ǵñˤñ /ʧ/ ꤵҲü첻Ĺ (compensatory_lengthening) ȹͤƤǤ褤ΤǰĤΤǤ롥Ū˻ ih ik θҲϡ/ʧ/ ̻ŪŪˤɤΤ褦ʴطˤΤih λҲ /ʧ/ μ岽ǡüؤʳɽ魯ΤǤϤʤʲǽƬ⤫֡

Cartlidge, Neil, ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2001.

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2016-09-29 Thu

#2712. ѸθŪ֤ꤿ [eme][me_dialect][manuscript][orthography][spelling][standardisation][scribe][ormulum][ab_language][spelling_reform]

ѸֻɸಽˤϡȥɸŪʤΤ뤬ΥޥνѸˤϤ줬̵˵Ѹˤʤäƽ˺ɸಽѸɸಽʤߡ17--18ɸֻΩ绨ĤǤ롥γѤˤСѸֻɸबޤǤʤäȤȤˤʤ롥ϤǴְäƤϤʤֻɸȤϤ鷺Ȥ⡤ٰӤֻȤȤǤСλˤĿͤ侮ĤΥ٥ǼƤפĤ롥褯ΤƤΤϡ(1) "AB language" ֻ, (2) Ormulum κ Orm ֻ(3) ֥ƥ Brut 򥢥󥰥եǤ Laȝamon ֻǤ롥
(1) "AB language" ̾ϡƻΤλ Ancrene Wisse ޤ Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 402 Ȥ (= A) ȡϢ佡ޤ Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 34 μ (=B) ͳ褹롥2ܡʵڤӴϢ뤤ĤμܡˤˤϡʤӤֻηϤѤƤꡤʣμ̻ˤäƤ줬ѤƤ뤳Ȥ顤餯13Ⱦˡνƻܼ濴Ȥʤäơɸֻ夲ߤʤƤΤȿ¬Ƥ롥
(2) Orm ϡLincolnshire ΥƥνƻΤǡ1200ǯˡʬ䤹ʪ Ormulum 路¸ͣΥƥȤ2ԤĶʸǤꡤ줬äۤɰӤֻǽ񤫤Ƥ롥Orm ϡ첻̤ˤäƸ³ҲŤͤʤɤιɵ椷äֻηϤԤߤʬκʤǼΤǤ롥 Orm ֻϡ¾μܤˤहΤȯƤ餺ƸĿŪֻɸಽλϸ16θŪֻԤȤäƤ褤
(3) Laȝamon ϡWorcestershire λʺפǡ13Ƭ˱ʸǯ嵭ʸDZѸǤ˸ŤᤫʤäƤȤܤƬ (alliteration) 䡤ʸáֻ褵Υ른åʷϵ򤫤⤹ȤLaȝamon ϡºݤ˸űѸˤäֻɤ̤ȤơˤűѸֻռŪѤðۤǤꡤ򤢤θĿŪֻɸಽλߤȤߤ뤳Ȥǽ
ʾ塤Horobin (98--102) 򻲾ȤƼɮ

Horobin, Simon. Does Spelling Matter? Oxford: OUP, 2013.

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2016-06-28 Tue

#2619. űѸѲ2ưޤ˸ -i- ѸǤξü [inflection][verb][oe][eme][conjugation][morphology][owl_and_nightingale][speed_of_change][schedule_of_language_change][3sp][3pp]

űѸμѲ2°ưǤϡɽΤĤβս "medial -i-" (#2112. ʤ3ñ -s ĤΤ ([2015-02-07-1]) θűѸ lufian ζɽ򻲾) -i- Ѹʹߤ˼ƤüΥߥ󥰤䥹ԡɤƥȤʤɤˤäưۤʤäƤʬۤΰȤƤϡݼŪǤ -i- ٤ޤݤ졤׿ŪǤ᤯˼줿
űѸμѲ2Ǥľˡ3;ñߤζ޸ -i- Ժߤ - Ȥʤ뤬б3;ΡʣǤ -i- -iaþ Ȥʤ롥äơѸʹߤ -i- ξüʤȡ޸ˤä3;Τñʣ̤뤳ȤǤʤʤä
üʹԤƤѸβϴˤϡκ⤢äΤǤϤʤȵ롥㤨СThe Owl and the Nightingale ll. 229--32 򸫤Ƥߤ褦Cartlidge Ǥˡ

Vor eurich þing þat schuniet riȝt,
Hit luueþ þuster & hatiet liȝt;
& eurich þing þat is lof misdede,
Hit luueþ þuster to his dede.


֤ǵưϤűѸμѲ2ͳ褷3;ñμäƤ롥äơ -i- ʤϤschuniet hatiet Ǥ -i- Ƥ롥ʤ嵭 C ܤǤη֤ȿǤƤ뤬J ܤǤб֤Ϥ줾 schonyeþ, luuyeþ, hateþ, luueþ ȤʤäƤꡤ-i- ʬۤǤޤޤǤ롥
schuniet ˤĤƤϡԻ eurich þing ̣ʣȤƲᤵ줿뤤 alle þing ʤɤοʣäΤǤϤʤȤǽŦƤCartlidge (Owl 113) Ǥϡ"it seems more sensible to regard these lines as an example of the Middle English breakdown of distinctions made between different forms of Old English Class 2 weak verbs" Ȥθ򤬼Ƥ롥
Cartlidge ̤ʸǡΥƥȤˤ -i- ˤĤƽҤ٤ƤΤǡβսѤƤ

In both C and J, the infinitives of verbs descended from Old English Class 2 weak verbs in -ian always retain an -i- (either -i, -y, -ye, -ie, -ien or -yen). However, for the third person plural of the indicative, J writes -yeþ five times, as against nine cases of - or -þ; while C writes -ieþ or -iet seven times, as against seven cases of -, -ed, or -et. In the present participle, both C and J have medial -i- twice beside eleven non-conservative forms. The retention of -i in some endings also occurs in many later medieval texts, at least in the south, and its significance may be as much regional as diachronic. (Cartlidge, "Date" 238)


ˤϡ-i- ξüηˤäưۤʤäƤФǤʤɽΥåȤˤäƤ⥿ߥ󥰤䥹ԡɤۤʤäƤǽƤꡤѲΥ塼 (schedule_of_language_change) δ鶽̣

Cartlidge, Neil, ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2001.
Cartlidge, Neil. "The Date of The Owl and the Nightingale." Medium Aevum 65 (1996): 230--47.

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2016-04-02 Sat

#2532. The Owl and the Nightingale ν [owl_and_nightingale][literature][eme][bibliography][link]

οǯ٤ˤϡѸƤ The Owl and the Nightingale ɤ߻ϤͽǤ롥äơñʽܤƤʸ٤ޤȤӤ̤ˤʤΤǡǤϼΩäΤ˸¤롥塤ɬפ˱ɲäƤ

[ Editions ]

Atkins, J. W. H., ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. New York: Russel & Russel, 1971. 1922.
Cartlidge, Neil, ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2001.
Grattan, J. H. G. and G. F. H. Sykes, eds. The Owl and the Nightingale. Vol. 119 of EETS es. London: OUP, 1935.
Stanley, Eric Gerald, ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1972.
Treharne, Elaine, ed. Old and Middle English c. 890--c. 1450: An Anthology. 3rd ed. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

[ Editions for Part of the Text ]

Bennett, J. A. W. and G. V. Smithers, eds. Early Middle English Verse and Prose. 2nd ed. Oxford: OUP, 1968.
Burrow, J. A. and Thorlac Turville-Petre, eds. A Book of Middle English. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005.
Dickins, Bruce and R. M. Wilson, eds. Early Middle English Texts. London: Bowes, 1951.

[ Facsimile ]

Ker, N. R. The Owl and the Nightingale: Facsimile of the Jesus and Cotton Manuscripts. EETS os 251. London: 1963.

[ Studies ]

Cartlidge, Neil. "The Date of The Owl and the Nightingale." Medium Ævum 65 (1996): 230--47.
Fletcher, A. "Debate Poetry." Readings in Medieval Literature. Ed. D. Johnson and E. Treharne. Oxford: 2005. 241--56.
Hume, Kathryn. The Owl and the Nightingale: The Poem and Its Critics. Toronto, 1975.
Palmer, R. Barton. "The Narrator in The Owl and the Nightingale: A reader in the Text." Chaucer Review 22 (1988): 305--21.
Pearsal, Derek. Old English and Middle English Poetry. London: 1977. 91--4.
Reed, Thomas L. Middle English Debate Poetry and the Aesthetics of Irresolution. Columbia: 1990.
Salter, Elizabeth. English and International: Studies in the Literature, Art and patronage of Medieval England. Cambridge: 1988. Chapter 2.
Wilson, R. M. Early Middle English Literature. London: 1951. Chapter VII.

[ Online Resources ]

CMEPV: The Owl and the Nightingale (MS Cotton):
CMEPV: The Owl and the Nightingale (MS Jes. Col. 29)
CMEPV: MED Descriptions of CMEPV
LAEME: London, British Library, Cotton Caligula A ix, The Owl and the Nightingale, language 1
LAEME: London, British Library, Cotton Caligula A ix, The Owl and the Nightingale, language 2
LAEME: Oxford, Jesus College 29, part II, English on fols. 144r-195r; 198r-200v

Referrer (Inside): [2020-12-26-1]

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2016-03-22 Tue

#2521. Ѹ113 "such" ΰֻ [spelling][eme][laeme][corpus][scribe][me_dialect][representativeness]

ε#2520. Ѹ134 "such" ΰֻ ([2016-03-21-1]) ³ϽѸ쥳ѥ LAEME "such" ΰֻФƤߤ (see #1262. The LAEME Corpus ɽ (1) ([2012-10-10-1])) θϡѸǤϷƻ졤졤³ȤѤ졤ƻξˤ϶ޤ⤹ΤǡΤȤ͡ʷ֤롥ե٥åȽ˰褦ʤäοͤʸڤ١ˡ

hsƿucche (1), schilke (1), schuc (3), scli (1), scuche (1), sec (1), secc (1), secche (1), sech (2), seche (1), selk (1), selke (1), shuc (1), shuch (1), siche (1), silc (1), silk (3), sli (1), slic (5), sliik (1), slik (3), slike (1), slk (1), sly (1), soch (5), soche (1), solchere (1), suc (2), sucche (2), such (51), suche (1), suecche (1), suech (1), sueche (1), sueh (1), sug (1), suic (1), suicchne (1), suich (12), suiche (3), suilc (14), suilce (1), suilch (1), suilk (1), suilke (2), sulch (1), sulche (1), sulk (1), sulke (1), suuche (1), suweche (1), suwilk (1), suyc (1), suych (4), suyche (1), svich (2), sƿche (1), sƿic (3), sƿicche (1), sƿich (1), sƿiche (14), sƿichne (1), sƿilc (30), sƿilch (22), sƿilche (1), sƿilcne (1), sƿilk (14), sƿillc (10), sƿillke (2), sƿi~lch (1), sƿlche (1), sƿuc (4), sƿucch (1), sƿucche (4), sƿucches (1), sƿuch (1), sƿuche (1), sƿuchne (1), sƿuilc (1), sƿulc (8), sƿulce (1), sƿulche (9), swch (1), swecche (1), swech (1), sweche (2), swich (5), swiche (1), swics (1), swil (1), swilc (5), swilce (1), swilk (2), swilke (2), swilkee (2), swlc (1), swlch (1), swlche (1), swlchere (1), swlcne (1), swuche (2), swuh (1), swulcere (1), swulch (3), swulchen (1), swulchere (1), swulke (1), swulne (1), zuich (10), zuiche (14), zuichen (3), zuych (10), zuyche (2)


ʸȾʸζ̤ϤĤˡ113ֻʸڤ롥Τʤ٤ˤƥȥå5ֻȴФȡsuch, sƿilc, sƿilch, sƿilk, sƿiche Ȥʤꡤ5369ĤΤ131 (35.5%) 롥
θѸ줫134ȹ碌ʣֻ򸺻ȡѸΤȤ247ΰֻ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥ѤϿޤ䥳ѥɬŪǤϤʤΤǡϹʿͤȻפ롥㤨СMED swich (adj.) ˷ǤƤֻäСϤ⤦

Referrer (Inside): [2018-08-16-1]

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