ؤΥߤμȤǡOED Online ˿ƤߤפꤷƹֽԤˤäơŪʻäۤͽʤΤǡʲHTMLǤǺܤƤѤPDFǤɤOED ѤĴʷ̡ˤμؤΥ¿ĥäΤǡͤˤʤС
#2357. OED ˤ롤ŵ줪ӥޥ줫μѸäס ([2015-10-10-1])#2369. Ѹˤˤ륤ꥢ졤ڥ졤ݥȥ줫θüѤˡ ([2015-10-22-1]) ǡCulpeper and Clapham (218) ˤ OED ١ΥޥϼѸפҲ𤷤ʸδˡŪʿͤɽηǷǺܤƤΤǡˤ2ĥդʥǡϡHTMLȡˡ1Ĥ4ȾȤγƸ줫μѸ2ĤϤƱΤƻθФΤˤɴʬΨǼΤǤ롥


ϢפȤơ#2162. OED ˤե졦ƥ줫μѸοܡ ([2015-03-29-1]) ǿ줿 Wordorigins.org "Where Do English Words Come From?" ⻲ȡ
Culpeper Jonathan and Phoebe Clapham. "The Borrowing of Classical and Romance Words into English: A Study Based on the Electronic Oxford English Dictionary." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 1.2 (1996): 199--218.
ѸΥեȤդ礤ϸűѸڤ뤳Ȥʤ³Ƥ롥եüѤΥԡϡ#2357. OED ˤ롤ŵ줪ӥޥ줫μѸäס ([2015-10-10-1]) #117. եѸǯʬۡ ([2009-08-22-1]) Ǹ褦1251--1375ǯθ⡤Ϥ̾ʤ⡤ѤϢʤ³ƤƤ롥ѸʹߤγƻΥեäμѤˤĤƤϡ#1210. ѸΥեѸΰ ([2012-08-19-1])#1411. Ѹä "oversea language" ([2013-03-08-1])#594. ѸʹߤΥեѸħ ([2010-12-12-1]), #678. ƥ衼åŪ18ΥեѸ ([2011-03-06-1]) Ȥ줿
ϡѸˤեѸ夲Schultz ϡOED Online Ѥơ1900ǯʹߤ˱ѸäƤեäĴSchultz եѸȤƼФǧꤷΤϡ1677Ǥ롥Schultz ʸǤϡ14Ĥΰ̣ʬʤȤʤ벼̶ʬˤȤץƤ뤬Ǥ12ʬ줾°οȳΤߤ (Shultz 4--6)
(1) Anthropology (11 borrowings, i.e. 0.7%)
(2) Metapsychics and parapsychology (11 borrowings, i.e. 0.7%)
(3) Archaeology (30 borrowings, i.e. 1.8%)
(4) Miscellaneous (46 borrowings, i.e. 2.7%)
(5) Technology (62 borrowings, i.e. 3.7%)
(6) La Francophonie (63 borrowings, i.e. 3.8%)
(7) Fashion and lifestyle (77 borrowings, i.e. 4.6%)
(8) Entertainment and leisure activities (86 borrowings, i.e. 5.1%)
(9) Mathematics and the humanities (92 borrowings, i.e. 5.5%)
(10) People and everyday life (154 borrowings, i.e. 9.2%)
(11) Civilization and politics (156 borrowings, i.e. 9.3%)
(12) Gastronomy (179 borrowings, i.e. 10.7%)
(13) Fine arts and crafts (260 borrowings, i.e. 15.5%)
(14) The natural sciences (450 borrowings, i.e. 26.8%)
20ΥեѸħϲ1ĤϡSchultz "the vocabulary recently adopted from French is characterized by its great variety, ranging from words related to everyday matters to highly specific terms in technology and science" (8) ȤޤȤƤ褦ˡ̣ʬ롥ݽѡʳؤŪ˶ΤȤƤϥޥȤäƤ褤ޥǤ뤳ȤѸΥեѸħˤƤϤޤ뤳Ȥ顤ϱѸˤˤեüѤƻŪˤߤħȤäƤ褤⤷ʤ
ܤ٤ϡѸΥȤơɸեΤߤʤ餺եνѼ䥯쥪ʤɤޤޤƤ뤳Ȥֽ硤ʥ륤ʡեꥫʤɤΥեѼ狼μѸ줬ʤʤѸˤ⡤եΤߤʤ餺Ȥ櫓˥Υޥե (norman_french) äήƤʹߡ֥եפλؤϰϤȤȤȤˡѸѼ¿ͲƤȤȤ
μѸȤƤαѸͤƤߤƤ⡤ϥꥹɸѸ䥢ꥫɸѸ줬ۤͣμѸѼä⤷ʤߤǤϥԥ䥯쥪ޤƼαѸѼ郎ѸѼȤʤäƤ¤롥ƱȤեˤĤƤȤȤʤΤǤϤʤ
Schultz, Julia. "Twentieth-Century Borrowings from french into English --- An Overview." English Today 28.2 (2012): 3--9.
ɸ˴ؤ롤OED2 CD-ROM ǤѤܳŪŪȯCulpeper and Clapham ˤΤǡĴˡ뤫ꡤ츻εǽȤʤ٤κʤ褦忴褦OED ʤɤѤŪϾʤʤˡθ̩˴դߤơĴΤ̤ȤƼƤ褤ΤǤϤʤȹͤ롥äȤ⡤ɮԤȤ OED ѤƸפ뤳ȤΰյפˤĤƿŤƤꡤ̤⤽˱ƿŤ˲ᤷʤФʤȤ⤷Ƥ롥äơʲεҤ⡤âʬ˰ռĤIJᤵ줿
Culpeper and Clapham ΰäŵ줪ӥޥȤϡŪˤϥƥ졤ꥷ졤ե졤ꥢ졤ڥ졤ݥȥ濴ȤǤ롥ͤȤƤ٤礭ˤʤΤϡǽ4ۤɤǤ롥ɮԤϡOED Ǻܤ2,314,82θФ줫顤θľθȤѸ77,335Ф̡̤Ȥ⡤Ȥ˽Фäˤ뤽μѸγŻ뤷ơƼθͤФ
ĤҤȤĤοͤŪǤꡤ줾̣ᤷƤΤ⤪⤷ΤǤ Culpeper and Clapham (215) ʸκǸƤ礿ȯ7Ѥ褦
(1) Latin and French have had a profound effect on the English lexicon, and Latin has had a much greater effect than French.
(2) Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese are of relatively minor importance, although Italian experienced a small boost in the 18th century.
(3) The general trend is one of decline in borrowing from Classical and Romance languages. In the 17th century, 39.3% of recorded vocabulary came from Classical and Romance languages, whereas today the figure is 15%.
(4) Latin borrowing peaked in 1600--1675, and Latin contributed approximately 7000 words to the English lexicon during the 16th century.
(5) Greek, coming after Latin and French in terms of overall quantity, peaked in the 19th century.
(6) French borrowing peaked in 1251--1375, fell below the level of Latin borrowing around 1525, and thereafter declined except for a small upturn in the 18th century. French contributed over 11000 words to the English lexicon during the Middle English period.
(7) Today, borrowing from Latin may have a slight lead on borrowing from French.
7ȤäƤ⡤θǤۣäĴ̤ϿͤȤƶβƤꡤ狼䤹(1) ϡեȥƥǡɤ餬Ū¿μѸäѸˤ⤿餷ƤȤ䤤üŪΤǤꡤƥιΤ֤ۤä礭פȤƤ롥(7) ˤСΥƥ̤ͥϡ㴳κʤ⡤ѸˤĤƤ褦Ϣơ(6) 顤ι줬ե줫ƥڤؤäΤ16ȾǤ뤳ȤȽ뤷(4) 顤ƥΥԡ16Ȥ17Ǥ뤳Ȥ狼롥
(3) ǤϡʹߡˤѸΨäƤƤ뤳ȤƤ뤬ϡ#879. Algeo ο쥽Ĵ鼨̻Ū([2011-09-23-1]) ǤߤȤ礹롥(2) (5) Ǥϡƥȥեʳν줫αƶϡΤȤƶϾ뤤λˤ串ȤʤäȤ٤Ǥ뤳Ȥ狼롥
ѸˤˤѸפˤĤƤϡcat:lexicology statistics loan_word γƵȤ줿ܵȴϢơäˡ#2162. OED ˤե졦ƥ줫μѸοܡ ([2015-03-29-1]) ȡ
Culpeper Jonathan and Phoebe Clapham. "The Borrowing of Classical and Romance Words into English: A Study Based on the Electronic Oxford English Dictionary." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 1.2 (1996): 199--218.
衼åѤμפʸΤʤǡɥĸϱѸμѸ쥽ȤưճΩʤŪˤ٤εϤǥɥļѸ줬ΤϸѸ줫Ǥꡤ϶ϾǤ롥Ѹɥĸ⥲ޥ (Germanic) °̤εĤȤȤΤƤˤϡξ֤ǼѤȤδطϴǤ롥
Ѹ˥ɥĸθŪƶʤȤ Jespersen (143) ڤۤ (258) ʤɤαѸ˳ǤƤ̤ɥĸѤʤȤϤäƤեƥ٤ƤäǤäơºݤˤϤ٤οϼȤѸȤäƤƤ롥ǯˤƤΤ褦 (Algeo 80; #874. Ѹοˤ륽ʬۡ ([2011-09-18-1])) #2162. OED ˤե졦ƥ줫μѸοܡ ([2015-03-29-1]) ǾҲ𤷤 Wordorigins.org "Where Do English Words Come From?" Ǥ⡤Τ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥
Other European languages remain steady, contributing 3--4% of new words throughout the centuries. The exception is German, which starting in the eighteenth century begins to increase its contribution to English vocabulary, reaching 3% of new words all by itself, and nosing ahead of French by the twentieth century.
Ʊꤷ OED ˴ŤפǥɥļѸŪܤղȡʲΤ褦ˤʤ롥

켣 (115--17) ˤСɥĤ16˹ۻѤѤĹƤΤǡαƶ17--18ˤѸäȿǤƤʥդǤμ㴳ιޤ16Ǥˡ17ʹߤϿ̾μѤ¿ޤɥĤ19ůؤؤޤŪȯŸ뤲ᡤŪѸ䳵ǰѸؤήʥվ19˥ԡޤˡ̾μѤΤۤ (loan_translation) ¿Τɥĸ줫μѤħȤ뤫⤷ʤʲʬ̤˥ɥļѸѤޤˤ褦
ιۻ
cobalt, gneiss, meerschaum, quartz, zinc
ůءʸɾ
folksong, gestalt, leitmotif, nihilism, objective, subjective, superman, transcendental, zeitgeist
Ӹء
ablaut, schwa, strong [weak] (declension), Umlaut
ζ١
kindergarten, semester, seminar
ʪءء
aniline, dynamo, ohm, protein, relativity, saccharine, sarin, uranium
ΰءء
aspirin, heroin, pepsin, Roentgen-ray [X-ray]
οʡ
delicatessen, frankfurter, hamburger, lager, noodle, pumpernickel, sauerkraut, schnitzel
ɥļѸˤĤƻ䤤ƤѸ˳¿ʤCarr, Charles T. The German Influence on the English Vocabulary. London: Clarendon, 1934. Ȥ褦Ǥ롥
Ϣơ#150. ꥫѸؤΥɥĸι ([2009-09-24-1])#756. μѸ ([2011-05-23-1]) ⻲Ȥ줿
ʸ嵭2015/09/06(Sun)Begoña Crespo ("Historical Background of Multilingualism and Its Impact." Multilingualism in Later Medieval Britan. Ed. D. A. Trotter. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2000. p. 29.) ˤСǤѸ15ˤ⡤ϥɥĸ줫ιʪؤ˴ؤѸ줬äƤȤ
Jespersen, Otto. Growth and Structure of the English Language. 10th ed. Chicago: U of Chicago, 1982.
ͺ켣 رѸIIIA١Ѹ10罤۽Ź1984ǯ
Algeo, John. "Vocabulary." The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 4. Cambridge: CUP, 1998. 57--91.
Wordorigins.org "Where Do English Words Come From?" ꤹ뵭ǤϡOED ȤΨ̻ŪܤĴ𤬤롥űѸ줫鸽Ѹؤγˡ츻̤ˤɤο줬ä˲ä줿ȤȤ˥դǼƤ롥ʸˤҤ٤Ƥ褦ˡФθ츻˴ؤ OED θ츻Ф줿ϡäĤƲᤷʤФʤʤȤΤϡ츻ˤ줬ڤƤȤƤ⡤줬Ѹθ츻ɽȤϸ¤ʤ褽λͤˤʤ뤳ȤϳΤǤꡤ̻ŪʳѤΤͭѤǤ뤳Ȥˤʤ
ǤϡCSV뤤EXCELǸƤ̤Ǹ츻̤οͤҼڤեȥƥ줫Ѹäɲä줿Ѹοܤղ¤٤Ƥߤ
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ε#1880. -ee εȯŸ (1) ([2014-06-20-1]) ³θѸˤƤμŪѲŪȯŸˤĤơIsozaki ˵ʤͤ롥
Isozaki ϡOED ۤλͻꡤѸ줫500Ķ -ee ơǯ塤졦̣μ̡촴θ츻ˤʬϤѸ줫鸽ѸˤƤĬή2ͤߤενǽҤ٤(1) ޥϸ촴ǤϤʤ촴³뷹ƤƤ뤳ȡ (2) standee Τ褦ưʼ˥פƤƤ뤳ȡ2ĤǤ롥
(1) ˤĤƤϡOED ѤĴ̤ղȰʲΤ褦ˤʤ (Isozaki 7)

ե촴³뷹ӤƶȤ餫Ǥ롥촴³㤬긽ƤȤܤͤ롥ʤ19ȯθ20̣˸ΤϡOED θüϿħˤȤ礭⤷ʤ
(2) ˤĤƤƱ OED Ѥơʰ̣Ūʴʬष̤ϰʲ̤Ǥ (Isozaki 6) դΤʤǡDO ưľŪ졤IO ϴŪ졤PO ֻŪ졤S ϼ졤Anom. ưȤľܤ˴طʤ§ŪʤΤǤ롥

跿 DO פͥǤ³Ƥ뤳ȤǤꡤS פγĥäΩʤ褦ˤߤ롥OED Υơ1900--2005ǯμܤ仲ͿǤνиθȡDO 117㡤IO 23㡤PO 4㡤S 32㡤Anom. 18ȡS ʼ쥿סˤοĥ (Isozaki 6)
-ee ŪʻȤ¿졤Ѱΰ̲ʤǤ褦˻פ롥ϸŪĴɬפȤʤäƤ뤫⤷ʤܼ (productivity) Ȥ⡤ƥʤĥäƤǤ롥
Isozaki, Satoko. "520 -ee Words in English." Lexicon 36 (2006): 3--23.
OED2, MED Ȥ˴Ť츻ŵˤȡưʪפ̣ƥ졤եͳ̾ animal νФϡ14 The Auchinleck Manuscript ˽ Breton lay ޥ Sir Orfeo (l. 364) ȤƤ롥MED animal (n.) Ƥߤȡ"Þe vousour was anow[rn]ed al Of ich maner diuers animal." ȰѤƤ롥
OED Online ϡβս animal ȤɤߤϸǤꡤ amel (enamel) ΰ۷ǤȤΩȤäƤ롥
Middle Eng. Dict. at animāl n. records an earlier example from the Auchinleck manuscript copy of Sir Orfeo, but more recent editors read this as aumal, hence showing AMEL n., an interpretation which is supported by the context and by the equivalent passage in other manuscripts.
Sir Orfeo ɤǤƤ˽Ф路Bliss ǤǤ ll. 363--64 ϼ̤ꡥ
Þe vousour was auowed al Of ich maner diuers aumal.
͡ʵޤȤȡȤ OED Online θȹͤ롥ޤܤǤθ2Ĥ a δ֤ minim 5ܤʤˡ152ܤǤбȡAshmole Ǥ amellHarley Ǥ metalle ȤʤäƤ롥Ԥϰ̣äưۤʤѤƤ뤬ưʪפɤߤǤʤȤ餫ޤBliss Ǥɾ D'Ardenne (58) ⡤aumal θʩθ amail, ēmail Ȥʤ顤ʬˤȹͤƤ롥
⤦1ĴϢϡanimal θŪʬۤǤ롥D'Ardenne (58) ϡβս animal αѸǤν16ǤꡤѸȹͤեˤƤ12ϤΤ16ޤǤϵǤȽҤ٤Ƥ롥 D'Ardenne εϺǤɬϤϤʤȤΤϡOED Online Ǥ MED Ǥ⡤animal ϡβսȤƤ⡤14꤫餤ĤƤ뤫ޤǤεˤꡤSir Orfeo (l. 364) animal νвսǤϤʤȤȤϸ
νǯϡθθˤˤߥȻפ줬Ū˸äΰƤ¤ˤƸûˤǤ⤢롥㤨Сϡ#127. deer, beast, and animal ([2009-09-01-1]) Ǽ夲̣ξȤˤ㴳δŪʱƶ뤫⤷ʤ
Bliss, A. J., ed. Sir Orfeo. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1966.
Wrenn, C. L. "The Value of Spelling as Evidence." TPS 42 (1943): 14--39.
D'Ardenne, S. R. T. O. "Sir Orfeo by A. Bliss." RES NS 8 (1957): 57--59.
for the nonce ʤäơ¤ϡʬˤȤ礬롥The team is called "the Lions," at least for the nonce. Τ褦˻Ȥ롥ɽˤϡ괧 the ΤĤƤζ̾Ĥߤ졤츻Ū˶̣
ߤη֤ľܤˤĤʤϡ1200ǯ餤κȤ Ormulum ˤ forr þe naness ȤƸ롥3θƬ n ϡľ괧νѸǤñͿʶ þen θ n ʬ (metanalysis) 줿ΤǤꡤ촴ΰȺƲᤵƸߤ˻äƤ롥ĤƤñͿʶճʤȤDzŪĤäƤǤ롥
ζϡŪˤ̣Ūˤ⸽ѸǤ *for the once б뤫Τ褦˸뤬Ūˤ3 once 뤤 one's [2009-07-18-1]ε#81. once twice -ce ȤϲפȡˤѸ°ʤ˴Ťɽľͳ褹Ȳˤ롥OED ˤС°ʷϳΤ˴ŪˤϴͿζϡषűѸ˸ to þam anum νѸ to þan ane ʤɤӤ٤one ͿʤޤɽȤƻϤޤäΤǤϤʤȤ夷°ʷϡͿʷִ줿Τȹͤ롥ִͳȤƤϡְ١פ̣Τ°ʤͳ褹 anes, ones ¤ǡͿʤͳ褹 ane, ene Ѥ줿Ȥ顤ξԤθؤäΤǤϤʤ
ѸǤϡʬϤη֤η֤¸ƤꡤMED ˤ ōnes (adv.) θ5 nōnes (n.(1)) θ1ξˡζ礬ϿƤ롥ԤˤСߤˡפȡ¤ϡפθΤۤˡոȤ "indeed" ۤɤθ䡤ΧŪȤƤΰ̣δˡȵܤƤ롥դ뤤ȤƤBliss Sir Orfeo (Auchinleck MS, ll. 51--56)
Þe king hadde a quen of priis Þat was y-cleped Dame Heurodis, Þe fairest leuedi, for þe nones, Þat miȝt gon on bodi & bones, Ful of loue & of godenisse; Ac no man may telle hir fairnise.
Ȥưʳˤ⡤nonce ˤϡΡפȤƻȤƤˡ롥̾ȤȤ˰ʣơؤνѸȤ nonce-word ˡnonce-form ˤʤɤȻȤˡνϡOED Ի James Murray 1884ǯ OED ǤѤȤǤ롥
1884 N.E.D. Fasc. 1, p. x, Words apparently employed only for the nonce, are, when inserted in the Dictionary, marked nonce-wd.
OED ˤλݤܤܤƤΤ顤OED ˤ뼫ˡȤäƤ褤
Bliss, A. J., ed. Sir Orfeo. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1966.
[2011-04-28-1]ε#731. -dom ̻̾ŪʬۡפǡѸޤǤ˰٤Ѥ줫 -dom 19ɤäаޤѤ¾δϢ뵭 ##20,731,732 ȡˡǷǤ -dom ̻ŪܤΥդ OED ˤȤθФ측˴ŤΤäƱ OED ѤƤϤ뤬Ȥΰ˴Ť -dom ФȤߤ Lieber (68--69) Ĵ롥
Lieber ϡ㸡ˤȤ -dom Υȡפΰˤ뤽Ψ[2011-04-28-1]ǤοͤϥLieber οͤϥȡȤ㤤ꡤ¬ˤϸԤΤۤ٤ȤϸޤǤʤˤä줿̻ŪܤΥդϰʲ̤Lieber, p. 68 ΥդܸƤǿͤɤ߽Ф˺ƺˡ

ˤȡ12--14 -dom ΰӤɤä餷Ȥ狼롥
ˡ19γܤơ10ǯߤƱͤˤޤȤΤʲǤLieber, p. 69 ΥդܸƤǿͤɤ߽Ф˺ƺˡ

Υդȡ19γȤϤäƤ⡤ϼȤƱȾ˵äȹͤƤ褵1塤20ȾξȡΤ˿ -dom Ͼʤ餺ƤϤΤ ([2011-04-29-1]) 1880ǯΤ褦Ϥʤ褦
Lieber, Rochelle. Introducing Morphology. Cambridge: CUP, 2010.
[2011-10-26-1]ε#912. ʤ (3)פ (2) ǿ줿ˤϰ̣ԾܤǤˤ⤫餺ФȤƷǤƤΤꤦ롥ΰ̣ԾܤǤȤȤϼԻԤξǤȤǽӽǤʤˤ衤θ줬ŪΤƤʤǤȤȤ϶餯ְ㤤ʤ
OED ǤϡΤ褦ʸ줬ʤȤ77ĤϿƤ롥ʲϡOED "meaning obscure" 뤤 "obscure meaning" ȤɤˤФ줿Ǥ롥Lieber (26) ǤϡOED ǤƱθˤ87줬Ф줿ȤƤ뤬ˤϸ1ĤΤߤ̣ȤΤޤޤƤ롥Ȥӽ̤77
†cremitoried (ppl. a.), †emporture (v.), †gestyll (v.), †leary (a.), †leg-saw, †minority waiter, notchet, †rag (v.4), †reordi (a.), †reprobitant (a.), †resaille, †residence (v.), †rok, †romb (v.), †rompering, †rownfol(d, †rubell, †rum (n.3), †ruvell, †ryne2, scuncheon anglers, -crest, †sheer-point, short-coat vicarage, †shreake, shuffle-breeches, †sidder (v.), †sithy-coat, †skyvald, †slampamb, †slope (v.3), †smazky (a.), †spanner2, †sparth2, †spen (n.), †spencer (v.), †spene (n.), †sperring (vbl. n.), †sperware, †splet (n.), †splete, †spleyer, †spyccard, †squaleote (v.), †squalm, †squirgliting (a.), †start-rope, †strothe (a.), †threte (n.), †thwerl (v.), †traythly (adv.), †trice (n.3), umbershoot, †unbrede (v.), †uncape (v.), †underdrawn (ppl. a.), †uniable (a.), †unthwyuond (pres. pple.), †untwitten (ppl. a.), †val-dunk, †ver (n.2), †verge-salt, †verling-line, †versing box, †very(e), †vezon, †viridary (a.), †vitremyte, †vounde (a.), †vowgard, †vrycloth, †wandclot, †way-flax, Welsh brief, †werder, †wesel, †wranchevel, †wrast (? n.)
71줬ѸȤΤ¤ϤΤ褦ʸ줬˥ȥƤȤ¤뤳ȤǤ롥dictionary θФ mental lexicon ϿɬפʤȤȤϡ㤫餫ȤϲȤ䤤ؤԽԤǤ櫓ˤϤʤȤȤ
Lieber, Rochelle. Introducing Morphology. Cambridge: CUP, 2010.
ε[2011-10-30-1]Ǥϡbouncebackability ϡ (nonce word) ήԸȤưŪ˽иΤΡѸθ§ (word formation rule) 뤬椨ˡ (mental lexicon) 夹ǽϤʤȤ롤Hohenhaus "non-lexicalizability" ϡ˴ؤ
1ˡbouncebackability ήԸΰФषƤ餷ȤϡHohenhaus εڵˤդ뤬ϸ§뤬椨ǤˤϾڵ˳ήԸοӻǤꡤͭ¿֤ȤȤ˸Ȥäͳˤ뤳Ȥ¿¿ήԸƱͤˡbouncebackability ƱͤΤǤϤʤ§뤫ȤͳؤäƤǽǤʤΤΡѶŪ˻ٻ뺬ϤʤΤǤϤʤ
2ˡ "non-lexicalizability" ꤹȤƤ⡤ϵ§ǤϤʤɽ魯ΤȤª٤Ƭ -able ¾ưղäפȤ§ϳΤ˸ʤbouncebackability Τ褦ʵ㳰ޤȤʤäƵ§δ¡뤤ϵ§ΰ̲ (rule generalisation) ȤȤϤ롥-able ưղä줿 get-at-able, come-at-able ʤơ bouncebackability) ̾ղä줿 clubbable, saleable ϡ¾ưղäȤε§̲ƤפΤǤ롥-able ȯãΤʳǡưղä褦ˤʤäȤƤԻĤϤʤơbouncebackability ϤθƤǽλߤ1Ĥȹͤ뤫⤷ʤ
3ˡεǤϳǧ˺ƤOED Online dzǧȤ줬ϿƤHohenhaus (22) ⼫Ҥ٤Ƥ褦ˡOED ˸ФȤƷǤǽΤͽۤǤȤǤ롥OED Ͽ뤳ȤȵäϿ뤳ȤƱǤϤʤΤǡԤˤ Hohenhaus ε줿櫓ǤϤʤOED ˤꡤ˴Ϳ뤫⤷ʤ¤2ĽФƤ1ܤϡν㤬2004ǯǤϤʤ礭̤ä1972ǯäȤȤǤϡbounce-back-ability ɽ졤ȤƤǤϤʤʣȤƤɤߤ롥θ塤1991ǯ2005ǯ㤬³2ܤˤϡ츻Ҥ "to bounce back at BOUNCE v. Additions + -ABILITY suffix" ȤꡤǤ Hohenhaus Ȥ [[[bounce back] -able] -ity] ȤȤƤʬϤϡ[[bounce back][ability]] ȤʣȤƤʬϤˤŤƤ롥
Τ褦ˡHohenhaus "non-lexicalizability" ϡbouncebackability Ȥ1δѻȽǤ뤳ȤϤǤʤѼԤϡ§˽सƤʤλѤ˰´ä夵뤳Ȥ¤Ȥ⤽ΤΤϡľ˹礦褦˻פ졤̣Ūʵ§ȤƤǤϤʤޤǷªΤǤСɵ椹ͤ벾⤫⤷ʤ
Hohenhaus, Peter. "Bouncebackability: A Web-as-Corpus-Based Case Study of a New Formation, Its Interpretation, Generalization/Spread and Subsequent Decline." SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics 3 (2006): 17--27.
ε#897. Web3 νǤ50ǯ ([2011-10-11-1]) ǡꥫαѸ켭κǹǤ Web3 ɾȽˤĤƸڤꥹˤαѸ켭 OED2 ӤȤɤΤ褦ħħΰƱˤƤȻפäΤǡ߷ (44--45) ˷ǺܤƤоɽʲ˷Ǻܤ롥Τ褦˰ȡ㤤褯Ƥ롥
| OED2 | Web3 | |
|---|---|---|
| ǯʴ | 1928112+1ˡNew Suppl. 1986, 4ˡ1989220 | 19091, 19342, 19613 |
| ǿ | 22,000 | 2,662ǡ2002ǯǤǤ2,806ǡ |
| Ƿ | 3022.5cm | 32.524.0cm |
| Ͽ | 464ʤ縫Ф35 | 462002ǯǤǤ476ˡWeb2: 55?66 |
| 240 | 20 | |
| Խ | Ū (prescriptive) λŪؤαƶϡǯθǯȤ | ŪҴŪҼι¤ؤαƶϡʰǯθǯ |
| Ф | 1150ǯʸθ줹٤ƼϿȾΤ | 1755ǯʸθϿʤŸ졦Ѹ2ޤ)Web2: 1500ǯʹߡ Chaucer ޤˡʳصѸŻISV٥ˡưΩ |
| ƻʸɡʶϡ˼ | 800̾400?500̾1001928ǯǡˡ100̾1986ǯǡ | ʤ |
| ѡ | ʸغʽŻ(240)Shakes. 33,303Bible 5,725Milton 12,485 | ̣餫ˤΤΩʸ |
| ˡ٥ (register) | ܺٻؼ | Ť˾öŪcolloq, informal, illit., erron. ʤɤѤˡޤԱѡաԹաԥʥդʤɤФƤȤˡơդѤʤ |
| 츻 | ԽϤ뤬ܺ٤ʾͿ | ʷ鵭 |
| ȯ | ɸѲʹݲɸʸˤɽ | Ѽܤɸʻ30Ķ⤢ˡͥȯɬ |
| Ѳ | ΰ֤Ѥθ | ɸʻ |
| ܺ٤ʰ̣ʬset (v.) 20ǡ154ʬ | ɴʻŵŪä (cf. hotel) set (v.) 1̤ | |
| | ʤ | 3Web2 Ǥ12ˡޤ |
| ̾̾ | ʤ | gazetteer 36顨biographical 13 |
[2009-05-18-1]ε-dom ̾פǤϸѸǻȤ -dom Ĥ̻Ūʴ餳įƤߤBauer (220) ˤȡ-dom ϰ٤λȤߤʤۤɤ˿षƤѸǤϰᤷƤƤȤ
-dom This suffix forms abstract, uncountable nouns from concrete, countable ones. For a long time it was thought that the suffix was moribund or totally non-productive, but Wentworth (1941) showed that it had never completely died out, and it is still productive in contemporary English, though not very much so. Recent examples include Dollardom, fagdom, gangsterdom, girldom (all OEDS). (220)
-dom ϸ§Ȥ̾δΤղä̾뤬freedom Τ褦˷ƻδΤղä⤢롥
OED ̻ŪʬۤĴ٤Ƥߤ[2011-01-05-1]ǾҲ𤷤OED θ̤äȤʬह CGIפѤȤ -dom 夲ʲΤ褦˻вSodom ʤɤλ¿ϺäƤꡤäȸƵդΤϺ绨Ĥʿ夲Ȥ줿ͥǡϤΥڡHTMLȡ

Ѹ줫ѸˤƤΤ露Ȥ衤19ȯϰŪǤ롥20βФϡ¤ȿǤƤΤ뤤 OED θüλˤΤˤƤ19ʹߤο -dom äϤ٤Ƥٸǡnonce-word ¿Frequency Sorter ˤȡANC (American National Corpus) 10ʾѤƤΤϡfandom, boredom, stardom, fiefdom 餤
ܼ (productivity) Ū˷ΤȤ (Baayen and Lieber) -dom 19ȯ2021ˤɤ³ƤΤľŪªܼȤϵҴŪˤɤΤ褦˵ҤΤ˥ѥɤΤ褦˳ѤǤΤ-dom ܤǤ⡤꤬͡夬äƤ롥
Bauer, Laurie. English Word-Formation. Cambridge: CUP, 1983.
Baayen, Harald and Rochelle Lieber. "Productivity and English Derivation: A Corpus-Based Study." Linguistics 29 (1991): 801--43.
[2011-01-31-1]εǻȤ Osselton ʸ pp. 72--75 顤Ū§§ä衼åѤΥ饤Х뼭3 ( DWB, Littré, WNT ) Ӥ OED ħˤĤƲվ롥
(1) Ѹ ( loanwords ), ( nonce-words ), ͩ ( ghost words ) ʤɤӤƴƤ˺ѤƤ롥DWB WNT ϡˤϼѸˤĤԴƤä
(2) Ʊ ( synonyms ) Ѥ䡤collocation pattern ؤθڤ¾μ٤Ƽ夤
(3) ¿θϡȻ路Хμ줿֤ȤʤäƤ롥
(4) ˡˤĤƤΥȤϺǤŪǤ롥¾μϤŪŪǤ롥
(5) OED ԻĹäˤ⤫餺û֤ǤۤϤǺȤ Littré ٤ۤɤˡե٥åΤˤ錄äƵҤӤƤ롥
(6) 1150ǯѸȤʤääűѸ줫鸽ѸޤǤˤ錄ĹλäȰƤ롥DWB 1550ǯۤɤ Luther 19Ⱦ Goethe ޤǡ19ΰϼ夤ˡLittré 1600ǯ顤WNT 1500ǯ1637ǯζˤǤ롥
(7) ֻŪ۷ӤưƤ롥㤨Сneighbour 429ֻ̤βǽ뤳Ȥ롥
(8) 㤬ʷǤꡤǯ夬Ƥ롥DWB WNT ϡؤǯͿϸδΤߤǤ롥
嵭¿ OED ħȤĹȤ٤⤷ʤOsselton ʸˤ OED λʬ¾μĹӤʤԸʿ嵭 OED ¿ħϸ˸ˤȤäƳΤɬԲķǤǤ롥ä (1), (4), (6), (7), (8) ʤɤϡ¾θ˲ȤˤȤäƹ꤬ФۤߤħǤϤʤ
Osselton, Noel. "Murray and his European Counterparts." Lexicography and the OED : Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest. Ed. Lynda Mugglestone. Oxford: OUP, 2000. 59--76.
19ȾС衼åѳƹǤϡӸȯŸȤ˾äơŪ§˴Ť緿Ի褵ƤλطʤΤʤǡꥹǤ A New English Dictionary on a Historical Basis δ褬ϰƤƤ ( see [2010-02-25-1] ) μϡ1933ǯ Supplement Ǥ줿Ȥˡ Oxford English Dictionary ȲΤ뤳ȤˤʤäƱΥ衼åѤμԻįȡʲΥɥĸ졤ե졤μOED ԻԤˤȤäɤĤɤۤΥ饤Хä
The Deutsches Wörterbuch of the Grimm brothers ( = DWB )
Dictionnaire de la langue français of Emile Littré ( = Littré )
The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal of Matthias de Vries ( = WNT )
Osselton (60) ˤ嵭γƼԻˤޤĤǯǯɽˤޤȤƤߤʲȡˡȴλԻץȤ "Initial impulse" ǯȴνʡȴλˤ1νǯȴνϺǽνǯʡἭǯˤɽ魯ǯǡ¾ϤΥڡHTMLȡ

4٤ȡOED Իδ輫Τ¾μ٤ƤȤʬ롥[2011-01-25-1]εǸΥꥹʸسξ紶ϡ٤줫դ롥ޤϰƤ1ǤޤǤδ֤¾μ٤ĹȤܤͤ롥طʤˤϡԽ紴 Herbert Coleridge, Frederick Furnivall, James Murray ܤޤ뤷夷Իκ𤬤äޤȤΤޤ礵˰ݤŻǤʤäȸƤ褤äΤϡOED δϰƤ鴰ޤפ70ǯȤ֤ϤȤƤĤʤĹΤȻפǤˤϾ夬Τ DWB WNT ˤĤƤ100ǯǤϸʤŪ§˴Ť緿Ի˼֤ΤΤƻפΤä
Osselton, Noel. "Murray and his European Counterparts." Lexicography and the OED : Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest. Ed. Lynda Mugglestone. Oxford: OUP, 2000. 59--76.
[2010-10-15-1]ε˴ϢơBrewer ʸε OED ΰѿ̤˥ղΤǤä˸äƤսǼǤʲ˼

Brewer (58) ˤȡ(1)--(5) γä OED ԻװˤȤ礭Ȥ롥줾λϰʲ̤Ǥ롥
(1) 1291--1300ǯá1470ǯˤĤƤϤФХƥȤǯ夬ǤꡤΤ褦ʾˤصξüǯꤹȤԽˤäޤäˤλˤĤƤϡRobert of Gloucester (1297ǯ3222) Cursor Mundi (1300ǯ10771 OED ˤѿ2̤κ) 顤ʤ꽸Ū˰ѤޤƤȤ⤢롥
(2) 1391--1400ǯá(1) ƱͤȤͳ˲äTrevisa (1387/98ǯ6750) ̤˼ޤƤȤ𤬤롥
(3) 1521--1530ǯáPalsgrave Lesclarcissement (1530ǯ5418) ̤ΰѤˤꡤȾ롥
(4) 1581--1600ǯáShakespeare (33304) αƶ礭
(5) 1631--1660ǯá餯̿ΥѥեåȤ¿ΰѤƶƤ롥
5äˤĤƤǤԽطʤŪΤäƤȡOED ΰѥǡλȤʾʤȤ⤽λˤѤäƤȻפ⤷补Ϣ뵭ȤƤϰʲȡ
[2010-10-10-1]: #531. OED ΰѥǡѥȤƻȤ뤫
[2010-10-14-1]: #535. OED ΰѥǡѥȤƻȤ뤫 (2)
[2010-10-15-1]: #536. OED ΰѥǡѥȤƻȤ뤫 (3)
Brewer, Charlotte. "OED Sources." Lexicography and the OED: Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest. Ed. Lynda Mugglestone. Oxford: OUP, 2000. 40--58.
[2010-02-25-1]ε OED ץȤˤĤƿ줿Ǥϡ1857ǯλDZѸ¸ߤѸ켭ΤĿܳʼԻưŤȤʤäȤҤ٤Φ衼åѡä˥ɥĤȥեˤʸؤΤᤶޤӤθȡꥹˤ OED Իطʤˤϡꥹʸسξ紶äȸʸؤ̾ڤꤿäΤǤ롥
19˥衼åѤδӸؤ٤ƤΤϼ˥ɥĿͤäκǿӸؤ̤ȿǤơ ( Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm ) 1838ǯ˹ɾ뤳Ȥˤʤɥĸ켭ŵ Deutches Wörterbuch ԻϤƤ11852ǯ˽Ǥ졤32δϤʤ1961ǯΤȡˡեǤ⡤Paul-Émile Littré 1844ǯ˥ե켭ŵ Dictionnaire de la langue française ϤƤ1863--1873ǯˤ4Ǥ줿ˡΦ衼åѤˤ뤳2ĤΰζȤܤˤơꥹʸؤδطԤϴ˾ǤäƤ㤨СThe Philological Society βĹä Richard Morris 1875ǯβĹֱǡ60ǯ֥ꥹΩˤäӸؤοŸˤۤȤɹ뤳ȤǤʤäòƤ롥μĹ̳ Henry Sweet 1877ǯƱͤμݤǥꥹʸؤν٤ͫθ
OED Խ紴 James Murray ⤽Τ褦ʥꥹʸؤξ紶ͭƤΤ®Ͽ٤ȤζոäƤɥĤȥեΰζȤơꥹοϤ괰ǤʤФʤʤȡŪʥ饤Хռdz䤷ƤΦΥ饤ХñɤĤȤΤǤϤʤɤۤȱ˾ƤΤǤ롥ºݡꥹǤ⤽Τ褦ʴԤƤåեؤ Max Müller Ӹؤꥹ˺դ뤳Ȥ˹ɥĿͳؼԡˤϡ1878ǯ OED ԻФǮԤ
In an undertaking of such magnitude, in which one might almost say that the national honour of England is engaged, no effort should be spared to make the work as perfect as possible, and at all events no unworthy rival of the French Dictionary lately published by Littré, or the German Dictionary undertaken by the Brothers Grimm. (qtd in Mugglestone, p. 5)
OED ԻľܥꥹȤŪ˻ͿȤȤϤʤʤȤʸؼԤˤȤäƤ OED ԻϹΰҿȤäΤǤ롥OED Υڡ뤿ӤˡԻԤζ٤䶸Ȥ⤤٤ߤ롥ˤñʤŪʴؿʾβȹͤʤ줬ʤΤȻפȡ⤹롥
Mugglestone, Linda. "'Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest': The New English Dictionary." Lexicography and the OED: Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest. Ed. Lynda Mugglestone. Oxford: OUP, 2000. 1--21.
[2010-12-16-1], [2010-12-17-1]εDZѸ츻ؤάˤʳŪʸ츻ؤη¤ Skeat νǤ OED Իοʤ19ȾΤȤǤ롥19˥ɥĤ濴ȯŸӸؤ̤Ϥäȴ褦ˤʤꡤʳŪʸ츻ؤѸˤŬѤ褦ˤʤäλθ츻ؼԤ伭ԻԤˤȤäƤ18θ츻ʼȤǰƬˤäΤ Johnson μˤϤۤȤɻȤʪˤʤʤȹͤ졤OED ԻԤˤȤäƤ¿θ츻μɮϥΥȤȤäƤǤʤä̾ԻȤȤ¿쾯ʤԼβäˤĤĿʤȤǡ ( tradition ) ηѾθƤΤǤ롥OED ϡ츻˸¤ʤ¿dz ( innovation ) θ뤳ȤܻؤƤꡤᤵƤ⤤
OED Խ紴 Murray ϡɤˤ츻ؤ1850ǯ餤˻ϤޤäˤʤȶĴƤꡤԤ Johnson μθ츻 Horne Tooke ůŪ츻ϿѤƤʤäȤ
Though Murray can be seen to concur with Richardson in his statement that 'one does not look in Johnson for Etymology, any more than in 18th c. writers for biology or electricity' (MP/20/12/1906), the speculative etymologies of Horne Tooke were, if anything, still more remote from the philological rigour at which he aimed . . ." (Mugglestone 15)
ΥȤȤ Murray ˤϼ̤äMurray θդѤ褦
'In dealing with any previous etymological treatment of a word, I always go predisposed to find it wrong . . . I fasten on the weakest point, & if that fails, the thing is done; if it stands, try the next.' (Mugglestone 15)
츻ȤȤƤ˵츻ؤ괶ˤĤƤ[2010-08-06-1]εˤMurray 鿦ŪԻԤˤȤäƤ츻ϺʪäOED ¿¦̤DZѸ켭γԤää˸츻ʬˤƺǤⳫԤΥդ路ȡMugglestone ɾƤ롥
If the image of the pioneer engaging with the unknown was one to which Murray had recourse on a number of occasions, it is perhaps nowhere more pertinent than in the etymological explorations of Murray, Bradley, Craigie, and Onions, as they sought to solve the many puzzles of linguistic history which had, hitherto, been left in obscurity. (Mugglestone 15)
Ϳθ츻βˤϾ˿ŤǤʤФʤʤȤפФƱˡOED ԻԤΤߤʤ餺 Skeat ޤѸ츻ؤڤ곫ٳؤФưڷɤǰؤʤ
Mugglestone, Linda. "'Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest': The New English Dictionary." Lexicography and the OED: Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest. Ed. Lynda Mugglestone. Oxford: OUP, 2000. 1--21.
[2011-01-03-1], [2011-01-04-1]εǡOED äȤʬषƿ夲ȤȤԤʤä褯ͤƤߤȡΤ褦ʺȤϤޤǤˤ͡ĴǷ֤ԤʤäƤȤǤ롥̻ŪøδúȤȤƺ֤ⷫԤʤȤȻפΤǡOED νϷ̤ȤȤ˿夲뤿ΥġäƤȤˤ̾դ "OED Century-by-Century Sorter"
ʲϻˡThe Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. CD-ROM. Version 3.1. Oxford: OUP, 2004. ǤκȤȤƤ롥ۤʤưʤ⤷ʤΤǤ餺
(1) OED ADVANCED SEARCH ˤꡤξ˳åꥹȤϤ롥
(2) Υƥȥܥåˡ(1) θŬˤĤؤʥȥԥꥪ1ʸθ³Ϥ롥㤨 ".alchemy" 줬ФԤȤʤ롥
(3) ƥȥܥåDzԸˡ(1) νϷ̤ݤȥԡŽդ롥OED ǤνϷ̤1̤˼ޤʤˤϼڡ˿ʤѥԡƥȥܥåѤŽդƤ椯ǯ˥ȤƤʤƤġ
(4) ³̤θԤʤˤ (1), (2), (3) κȤ֤ƥȥܥåˤϡŽդƥȤѤƤ椯Ȥˤʤ롥
(5) Go åȡƸ̤ˤĤȤ˥Ȥ줿ɽ롥
ΤᤤΤǡΥƥȥեѰդϡOED ADVANCED SEARCH "language names" ˤ줾 Japanese, Chinese, Malay, Korean, Vietnamese Ƹ̤θåꥹȤ嵭λͤǼΡθ줫μѸȤİΤǤ롥äȤ⡤OED θǽθ³ǡʤολ̥ꥹȤ˺äƤΤǤˤաΡʤ褦ʻͤ§ä˥ƥȤԡơʲΥƥȥܥåŽդGo åɽϤ롥
CGI ץȤ绨ĤʻͤʤΤǡ褽ηΤ뤿ΥġȤƻͤޤǤˡä˰ʲա
ǯ "a1866", "c1629", "15..", "?c1400" ʤɤȤʤäƤϤ줾19, 17, 16, 14ؿʬ
ǯεܤΤʤϰ礷ơ0פȤƿʬ
ʸ嵭2011/04/24(Sun)OED Online Timeline ɽǤϡ٤ղޤǤƤΤǡ CGI Ȥ꤬褤CD-ROMǤ OED ǺȤȤ䡤˺٤塼˥ɬפʾΤ˼
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