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writing - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2024-03-02 Sat

#5423. ʸˤäɽ蘆ŪϤޤޤǤ [writing][linguistics][grammatology][orthography][spelling_reform]

ɽʸϲɽ魯ɽʸϰ̣ɽ魯ɽʸϸɽ魯ΤΤҤ٤ƤǡΤ褦˻פ뤫⤷ʤºݤˤϤ줾ʸϡǽŪ˸ߤ˾뤳Ȥ¿ޤޤʸŪƤ롥
ؤδʸߤȡʸȯäή졤۲ɽ魯ȤǤ롥Ūˤϡʸϲᡤ⡼顤Ҳ첻ʬ᲻Ķʬ᲻ɽ碌롥Ūˤϡʸϸ졤ޡֲŪñ̤б롥ŪˤϡʸϹǹ¤ù¤롥Ūˤϡʸ϶Ĵݥ饤ȥͥɽ魯Ȥ⤢롥ʸ餤Ūϡۤˤͤ
Daniels (69) ϡָػˤȤƤʸˡפꤹͤηǡʸˤƤϡʸɽ路Ūμܤ뤳ȤɬפǤ⤯

What emerges from this survey is the unsurprising conclusion that aspects of linguistic structure that are most salient to the language user---the most accessible to conscious control: words, syllables, discourse, emphasis---are the most likely to be taken into account in their orthographies. Other features have emerged more or less incidentally over the centuries, and have either been incorporated into common usage or have dropped out of fashion. Needed is investigation of the origin and persistence of all these features in all the world's orthographies (vs the prevailing concentration on the evolution of the shapes of characters and beyond the recent attention to the acquisition of orthographies). It may show that imposition of script reform outside the context of adoption or adaptation of a script to a new language is an otiose and even futile exercise. The twin examples of Sassanian conservatism and Turkish innovation reveal that only in extraordinary circumstances can either of these extremes succeed. In every case, a writing system must be understood through the pens of those who write it.


줫ʸΤ˼ͿƤפƶ

Daniels, Peter T. "The History of Writing as a History of Linguistics." Chapter 2 of The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. Ed. Keith Allan. Oxford: OUP, 2013. 53--69.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2024-02-25 Sun

#5417. ɽηϤüԤˤŪʬϤη̤Ǥ [history_of_linguistics][writing][linguistics][grammatology][medium]

񤭼ʸ䤽ν񤭸դηϤϡ켫ΤθäդоݤȤؤ1ĤηǤ롥ռŪʬϤ뤳ȤʤˡͤʸɽηϤͰƤ뤳ȤϤǤʤơɤ߽񤭤ǽϤ夫ȤˤĤͤޤŪ˹ͰƼԤθʬϤθ뤳Ȥˤʤ뤫
Daniels (54) ϡָػˤȤƤν񤭸դˡפΤʤǡΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

Ordinarily, speakers have no insight into the nature of their language or what they are doing when they are speaking. But when a language is written, it is consciously written, and every writing system embodies an analysis of its languages. And that analysis is known not only to the deviser of the writing system (however great an accomplishment the act of devising a writing system may be), but also---consciously---to everyone who learns to write, and even read, that writing system. Ergo, every writing system informs us of 'native speaker analysis' of every written language, and such analyses have touched on virtually every level of analysis known to modern linguistics.


񤭸դȯϡ켫ȤäդθŪʬϤξڵȤߤʤȤǤ롥äơػ˽κǽ֤٤Ǥ롥ʤۤɡ̤ꡥ

Daniels, Peter T. "The History of Writing as a History of Linguistics." Chapter 2 of The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. Ed. Keith Allan. Oxford: OUP, 2013. 53--69.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2024-02-03 Sat

#5395. 224ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ4ֶѸֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơ [asacul][notice][writing][spelling][orthography][mode][standardisation][etymological_respelling][link][voicy][heldio][chancery_standard][spelling_reform]

3ָ224ڡˤ 15:30--18:45 ˡī㡼󥿡ɶˤƥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ4ȤʤֶѸֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơ֤ޤ


224ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ4ֶѸֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơ



ιֺ¤ϡ4Υ꡼4Ȥʤޤ꡼Υ饤ʥåפϰʲ̤Ǥ

1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤʽա429
2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤʲơ729
3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡʽ107
4󡡶Ѹֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơߡ224

٤4ˤĤƤϡ Voicy heldio ˤ#971. Ѹֻ --- 224ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ4˸ơȤƳפҲ𤷤ƤޤΤǡİйǤ



ޤǤ3ιֺ¤ǤϡѸֻɸಽˤįƤޤϤ褤ḽˤɸಽμ֤ޤޤ15 Chancery Standard ˻Ϥޤꡤ1617ˤƤ Shakespeareض١αѸ켭λФơ18--19μ˻ޤǤλܤñֻɤɤޤθ塤ꥫѸֻƸֻפưޤǤեơѸֻβˤĤͽǤƻαñֻζ򼨤ʤ⤷ޤΤǡ»Ҥˤʤ뤳ȤϤޤ
ֺܹ¤ˤؿΤϡΥڡꤪߤֺϡ̤Τۤ饤ǤλäǽǤޤϿޤȡָ1ָ֡ƨۿפİǤޤԹΤ褤ˡǤäФȻפޤ꡼ֺ¤ǤϤޤƲƤΩƤޤΤǡΤߤñȯΤäǤޤäꤢޤ󡥤ʤֺ¤ѤϡüԤγͤŻŪۤͽǤ
ܥ꡼ȴϢơʲ hellog Voicy heldio ۿ⤴Ȥ

Ρ1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤꡡ

heldio #668. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ2023ǯ330
hellog #5088. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ ([2023-04-02-1])
hellog #5119. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ1򽪤ޤ ([2023-05-03-1])

Ρ2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤ

hellog #5194. 729ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤס ([2023-07-17-1])
heldio #778. űѸʸ --- 729ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ2˸ơ2023ǯ718
hellog #5207. īΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤפ򽪤ޤ ([2023-07-30-1])

Ρ3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡ

hellog #5263. 107ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡס ([2023-09-24-1])
heldio #848. Ѹɸʤֻ --- 107ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ3˸ơ2023ǯ926

Ρ4󡡶Ѹֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơ

heldio #971. Ѹֻ --- 224ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ4˸ơ2024ǯ127

¿ΤäԤƤޤ

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2023-11-19 Sun

#5319. ƣͺϡˡإ֥١ʽѼҥ󥿡ʥʥ롤2023ǯ [review][mlabri][writing][linguistics][youtube][notice][yurugengogakuradio]


ƣ ͺϡإ֥١Ѽҥ󥿡ʥʥ롤2023ǯ


ƣͺϤˤإ֥١ʽѼҥ󥿡ʥʥ롤2023ǯϡ֤إ饸ְʼδѸظإͥ¾Ǥ⤹Ǥ˾Ҳ𤵤ƤꡤسǤϤ褯Τ줿¸ߤˤʤäƤޤ



ܽϥɥʺǸομ̱֥ (Mlabri) ȤθեĴϿǤΤޤޥ֥ˡֻäƤƤޤä׸ؼԡƣͺϤĽյȤ٤ΤˤʤäƤޤ
塦Ĥ YouTube ˰ƣ򥲥ȤȤƤ֥̤ᤰ̲Ͽޤ޽ǤޤΤǡ⤪ڤߤˡ

ƣ ͺϡإ֥١Ѽҥ󥿡ʥʥ롤2023ǯ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2023-09-24 Sun

#5263. 107ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡ [asacul][notice][writing][spelling][orthography][me][standardisation][me_dialect][norman_conquest][link][voicy][heldio]

2ָ107ڡˤ 15:30--18:45 ˡī㡼󥿡ɶˤƥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ3ȤʤѸֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡ֤ޤ


107ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡ



ιֺ¤ϡ4Υ꡼3Ȥʤޤ꡼Υ饤ʥåפϰʲ̤Ǥ

1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤʽա429
2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤʲơ729
3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡʽ107
4󡡶Ѹֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơߡ̤

ޤǤ2ιֺ¤ǤϡޤѸ˰ʸե٥åȤεȯãǧ˸űѸ449--1100ǯˤˤ޻ѤμºݤѻƤޤ3ܤѸ1100--1500ǯˤǤλޤǤ˱ѸüԤϥ޻ˤϤäǤޤ1066ǯΥΥޥη̡ɸѸפüñ֤ȤѸ˾Ǥޤʻ֤ŸƤޤ礲˸СġαѸν񤭼꤬פפ˹ʤ褦ñ֤äǤȤߤХͥƥȤʤޤͳȤߤХݥƥǤϤƤξϡαѸѸΥڥ󥰤ˤʤƶͿΤǤ礦Ѹ쥹ڥ󥰻ˤˤơäȤ㥯ʻǤ餳⤷Ƥޤֺ¤ΤʤǤѸ츶ʸɤߤʤ顤λΥڥ󥰻įƤߤȻפޤ
ֺ¤λäˤؿΤϡΥڡꤪߤ̤Τۤ饤ǤλäǽǤޤϿ줿ˤϡƨۿȤƥưؤΥ󥯤ͽǤԹΤ褤ˡǤä4Υ꡼ΤǤϤޤƲƤΩƤޤΤǡñȯǤΤäⴿޤǤ
ܥ꡼ȴϢơʲ hellog Voicy heldio ۿ⤴Ȥ

Ρ1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤꡡ

heldio #668. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ2023ǯ330
hellog #5088. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ ([2023-04-02-1])
hellog #5119. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ1򽪤ޤ ([2023-05-03-1])

Ρ2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤ

hellog #5194. 729ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤס ([2023-07-17-1])
heldio #778. űѸʸ --- 729ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ2˸ơ2023ǯ718
hellog #5207. īΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤפ򽪤ޤ ([2023-07-30-1])

Ρ3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡϡʰʲ2023/09/26(Tue)θ嵭

heldio #848. Ѹɸʤֻ --- 107ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ3˸ơ2023ǯ926

Referrer (Inside): [2024-02-03-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2023-07-30 Sun

#5207. īΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤפ򽪤ޤ [asacul][writing][grammatology][alphabet][notice][spelling][oe][literature][beowulf][runic][christianity][latin][alliteration][distinctiones][punctuation][standardisation][voicy][heldio]

#5194. 729ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤס ([2023-07-17-1]) Ǥ⤷̤ꡤī㡼󥿡ɶˤƥ꡼ֺʸֻαѸˡ2ȤʤָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤ򳫹֤ޤ¿̤뤤ϥ饤ǻäޤƴտ夲ޤ꤬Ȥޤ
űѸˡˤƱѸüԤޥ̱²äƤ롼ʸΤơ޻ƤΤơˤƥ޻DZѸɽˡˤĤƻ֤򤫤ϺƤäΤޤ޻Ƴˡ޻μʤƥѸֻűѸֻɸಽ (standardisation) űѻ Beowulf ˤߤʸֻˤĤơ3֤äޤ
βä4󥷥꡼Ⱦ2󤬽λȤˤʤޤ3ϾΤȤˤʤޤ107ڡˤ 15:00~18:45 ˡѸֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡפȤƳ֤ͽǤѸˤϡűѸȯãƤֻ1066ǯΥΥޥˤä뤹ȤŪѲޤǷˤꡤθαѸֻϥƻ򤿤ɤ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ
ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפϥ꡼ȤϤƲϴϢĤĤΩƤȤʤäƤޤʹߤβ³ꤤޤԹ礬դʤǤ⡤ÿޤȸư1ָۿˤ˥Ǥ褦ˤʤޤΤǡѤ⤴Ƥ
ܥ꡼ȴϢơʲ hellog ɤߤ

hellog #5088. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ ([2023-04-02-1])
hellog #5194. 729ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤס ([2023-07-17-1])

Ʊͤˡ꡼ȴϢŤ Voicy heldio ۿ⤪İФȡ

heldio #668. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ2023ǯ330
heldio #778. űѸʸ --- 729ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ2˸ơ2023ǯ718


Referrer (Inside): [2024-02-03-1] [2023-09-24-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2023-07-17 Mon

#5194. 729ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤ [asacul][notice][writing][spelling][orthography][oe][link][voicy][heldio]

轵729ڡˤ 15:30--18:45 ˡī㡼󥿡ɶˤƥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ȤʤָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤ֤ޤ
꡼ϡʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤפꤷ3429ڡˤ˳֤ޤ2ϡ޻ѸäƤܳŪѤϤ᤿űѸ˾ƤޤűѸüԤϡ޻򤤤ˤƼƤƮʤ⼫ƻȤƼʤƤäΤƻڤ򤿤ɤޤºݤ˥޻ǽ񤫤줿űѸΥƥȤɲˤĩ路ƤߤȻפޤ
ؿΤϤҤäֺ¾Ҳ𤪤ӻäߤɤ̤Τۤ饤ǤλäǽǤޤϿ줿ˤϡư1ָۿˤΥ󥯤ͽǤԹΤ褤ˡǤä4Υ꡼ΤǤϤޤƲƤΩƤޤΤǡñȯΤäⴿޤǤ
꡼4Υȥϰʲ̤Ȥʤޤ

1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤʽա429
2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤʲơ729
3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡʽ̤
4󡡶Ѹֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơߡ̤

ܥ꡼ȴϢơʲ hellog Voicy heldio ۿ⤴Ȳ

hellog #5088. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ ([2023-04-02-1])
heldio #668. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ2023ǯ330
2023/07/18(Tue) 嵭heldio #778. űѸʸ --- 729ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ2˸ơ2023ǯ718


[ | ѥڡ ]

2023-05-03 Wed

#5119. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ1򽪤ޤ [asacul][writing][grammatology][alphabet][notice]

429ڡˡī㡼󥿡ɶˤƿ꡼ֺʸֻαѸˡץ󤷤ޤ1ǯۤɤƽղƽߤ4󡤱ѸʸֻˤˤĤƤäƤޤ
ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤꤷơʸεȯãȤ櫓ե٥åȤŪȤ򳵴Ѥޤ2ܰʹߡѸֻܳŪƳƤȤˤʤޤϤβȤơ⤽ʸȤϲ䤤ʸ䡦ࡦˤˤĤƵޤ
ϡɶǤ̤ӥ饤ˤ¿˻äƤޤ꤬Ȥޤֺˤ󤻤ƤΤߤʤ餺ֺ¸Ĥʸ夬ޤʹߤꤤޤ
峫֤Ʋϸߤ˴ϢĤĤΩƤޤΤǡؿΤΤߤλäǤꤢޤԹ礬դʤǤ⡤ߤޤȸư1ָۿˤ˥Ǥ褦ˤʤޤΤǡѤ⤴Ƥ
꡼Τγפʲ˼ޤ

ե٥åȤϸǺǤ⹭ѤƤʸηϤǤꡤѸ⤽ƤޤΤ褦ʱѸ⥢ե٥åȤȤˤβǽвäΤˤֻȤƼʤƤΤǯʾǯפޤֺܹ¤ǤϡѸ줬ʸֻȳƮƤˤ򤿤ɤޤ


4Υȥϰʲ̤Ǥ

1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤʽա429˳ֺѤߡ
2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤʲơ729˳ͽ
3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡʽ̤
4󡡶Ѹֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơߡ̤

꡼ҲȤơVoicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פˤ#668. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429ϤޤޤۿƤޤΤǡҤİ


Referrer (Inside): [2024-02-03-1] [2023-09-24-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2023-04-02 Sun

#5088. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ [asacul][notice][writing][spelling][orthography][link]

4֤ۤɸ塤429ڡˤ 15:30--18:45 ˡī㡼󥿡ɶˤʸֻαѸˡꤹ륷꡼ֺ¤ץ󤷤ޤ4Υ꡼ǡѸʸֻᤰˤˤĤƤäƤޤ
ˤؿΤϡҤäֺ¾Ҳ𤪤ӻäߤɤ̤Τۤ饤ǤλäǽǤޤ쥳ǥ󥰤1ָۿͽꤵƤޤΤǡԹΤ褤ˡǼ֤Ƥޤ
 ꡼Τγפʲ˼ޤ

ե٥åȤϸǺǤ⹭ѤƤʸηϤǤꡤѸ⤽ƤޤΤ褦ʱѸ⥢ե٥åȤȤˤβǽвäΤˤֻȤƼʤƤΤǯʾǯפޤֺܹ¤ǤϡѸ줬ʸֻȳƮƤˤ򤿤ɤޤ


4Υȥϰʲ̤Ǥ

1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤʽա429
2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤʲơ̤
3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡʽ̤
4󡡶Ѹֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơߡ̤

Ȥʤʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤפǤäƤϼ̤Ǥ

ʸϿǶȯ1ĤǤʸ뤳ȤˤʸȯŸƤޤǤϡʸϤġɤǡɤΤ褦ȯ졤ŤƤΤǤ礦ˤβ͡ʸηϤޤƤޤΤ1Ĥե٥åȤǤե٥åȼȤѲѰۤ򷫤֤¿ͲƤޤ1Ĥ䤿Τ褯Τޥ󡦥ե٥åȤǤѸϵ6ˤڤܳŪʸäƤȤˤʤޤ


ܥ꡼ΰϡhellog λǡǤ Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פ#668. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429ϤޤޤǤ⤪ϤƤޤҤİ



¿γͤλäԤƤޤ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2023-03-21 Tue

#5076. ꥹȶڤȴܤܤ --- ԡˡνʪˤؤ٤ [christianity][bible][manuscript][writing][history][medium][review]

2髙ԡˡνʪˤؤ٤ȿǤƤޤΤˤܤˤ¿μ̿䥨ԥɤȤȤ˥ѥȤˤޤȤƤޤʸƤꡤΰ˿ʤΤͭѤǤ

 ԡνʪˤؤ١ȽŹҴȿӡ2023ǯ



ܤˤˤϿޤܡʤ󤹤ܤvolumeˤ (codex) ؤܤη֤եȤˤĤơֺܤоפꤹϤǾҲ𤵤Ƥޤ
ܤϺܤ٤ƸˤäȤȤФиޤեȤطʤˤϤΤ褦ʼŪװ⤢äȤϳΤȻפޤꥹȶڤȴطҲŪװ⤢äȹͤƤޤ
髙 (pp. 45--45) Ǥϡ1--5˺줿¸륮ꥷŵʤܤˤĤơܤȺܤΨ٤ĴҲ𤵤Ƥޤˤȡ1ˤϺܤϤۤȤɤʤäΤΡ2ˤ2%3ˤ17%4ˤ70%5Ƭˤ90%Ȳ®ŪƤޤꥹȶϢܤˤĤĴȡäᤤʳܤϰϤǺѤƤꡤ2ޤǤ100%ãƤޤĤޤꡤꥹȶϢܤȺܤŪ̩ܤʴطˤäȤȤǤ
ˤĤ髙 (pp. 46--48) ϼΤ褦Ƥޤ

ƤܤȯƤΤϥץȤǤ롥ͤƤꡤܤȤ֤νиȥꥹȶŤ¹ԤƵäƤ뤳ȤϻŦƤܤϻá˻ŪȤʤꡤƱͤ˥ꥹȶ⻰˵®ڤ컰ǯǧƤ
ܤܤؤηŪžϡ줬ѤȤäŪкŪȽǤ鵯äΤǤϤʤҼܤϡܤѤƤ䶵դ¸ߤƤ۶Фơϥꥹȶ䶵ʬɤΩȤ򼨤ħŪʷ֤ȤơФ줿ΤǤ롥ꥹȶζ⤭ڤη֤Ȥơꥹȶμ̻۶̤ν񵭤̤뤿ˡܤϺѤ줿ΤǤä䶵ŵߤǤʤ洬ܤη֤ǺƤܤСޤʤꥹȶطԤˡ񤪤ӤδϢμܤܤη֤ž٤ϤפʿʪǤȤ⤫Ӿ夬롥


ܤη֤ͿƤȤϡޤ˶äǤ

髙 ԡνʪˤؤ١ȽŹҴȿӡ2023ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-03-22-1]

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2023-02-05 Sun

#5032. ൭Τ⡡пʹϢܡ֥ƥΥȿפκǿʸȯ [notice][speech][writing][medium][alphabet][kanji][grammatology]

24λпʹīˡϢܡ֥ƥΥȿκǿȤʤ뵭ʸȯפǺܤޤпʹβʳԽѰεԡĹβ𤵤ˤʸˤˤĤƼޤơ󤽤줬Ȥʤޤ¾Ȥˤषǡʸ⤭Ħˤ񤫤Ƥޤ֤ǤϸȤȤǤ򸫤ĤƤɤߤФȡ  *

пʹϢܡ֥ƥΥȿפκǿʸȯפǼޤ



θ漼Ǽޤ2ֶ᤯ڤäޤϢܡ֥ƥΥȿפ20ˤ錄³ƤԤ򤷤ơ֤Ϥʸκȯפȸ碌᤿ȤϸӤǤ⤽ͤƤޤΤ (^^;;ǤϤؤäˤʤޤ
#5022. hellog ʸˤ˴ؤ뵭 ([2023-01-26-1]) ꤷƥ󥯤ޤμȤδϢǤޤȤ᤿ΤǤƻпʹΡʸȯ׵ȤȤˡ⤴Ф¸ޤ
ֻ21⡤ʸϴְ㤤ʤκǶġǤ³ޤ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2023-01-26 Thu

#5022. hellog ʸˤ˴ؤ뵭 [link][grammatology][speech][writing][medium][alphabet][alphabet][punctuation][kanji]

ܥ֥ǤϹʸ (grammatology) ˴ؤ¿夲Ƥɸ˷ǤƤ륿ʤɤéäƤ¿ε˥Ǥ뤬Ǥ¿ӤˤȻפΤǡ˵פȤˤᵭ󥯤Ƥʸפ˴ؿΤˤȤäơͤˤʤȻפޤ

ΡäդȽ񤭸աʸ

#230. äȤФȽ񤭤ȤФΩŪ ([2009-12-13-1])
#748. äդȽ񤭸ա ([2011-05-15-1])
#849. äդȽ񤭸 (2) ([2011-08-24-1])
#1001. äȤФȽ񤭤Ȥ (3) ([2012-01-23-1])
#1664. CMC (computer-mediated communication) ([2013-11-16-1])
#1665. äȤФȽ񤭤Ȥ (4) ([2013-11-17-1])
#1829. 񤭸եƥȤ3Ĥεǽ ([2014-04-30-1])
#2301. äդȽ񤭸դĤʤڥȥ ([2015-08-15-1])
#2417. ʸݼƿ ([2015-12-09-1])
#2701. ŹȤƤʸ ([2016-09-18-1])
#3274. äդȽ񤭸 (5) ([2018-04-14-1])
#3886. äȤФȽ񤭤Ȥ (6) ([2019-12-17-1])

Ρʸμࡦˡ

#422. ʸμ ([2010-06-23-1])
#1822. ʸη ([2014-04-23-1])
#1834. ʸǯɽ ([2014-05-05-1])
#1849. ե٥åȤηޡ ([2014-05-20-1])
#1853. ʸη (2) ([2014-05-24-1])
#2389. ʸηϤεȯã (1) ([2015-11-11-1])
#2390. ʸηϤεȯã (2) ([2015-11-12-1])
#2398. ʸη (3) ([2015-11-20-1])
#2399. ݷʸǯɽ ([2015-11-21-1])
#2414. ʸǯɽʥӥ󥽥ǡˡ ([2015-12-06-1])
#2416. ʸη (4) ([2015-12-08-1])
#3443. ɽʸɽʸ ([2018-09-30-1])

Ρե٥åȤˡħ

#423. ե٥åȤˡ ([2010-06-24-1])
#490. ե٥åȤε North Semitic ̤롩 ([2010-08-30-1])
#1861. Ѹ쥢ե٥åȤñ㤵 ([2014-06-01-1])
#2105. Ѹ쥢ե٥åȤ ([2015-01-31-1])
#2888. ʸˤˤե˥ʸν ([2017-03-24-1])

ΡʸŤʸ

#1838. ʸ ([2014-05-09-1])
#2429. ե٥åȤȤ ([2015-12-21-1])
#850. 񤭸դȯŪ׹ͤδط ([2011-08-25-1])
#2577. ʸηϤ˴ؤҲŪװ ([2016-05-17-1])
#3486. ͭʸȯʤäȤƤġġ ([2018-11-12-1])
#3700. ֥ե٥åȤŴˤʸ罰 ([2019-06-14-1])
#3768. ִ¿ͤʲߤʤ롤٤μʡס ([2019-08-21-1])
#3837. ơˡʸȿˡ --- 5ĤʸȯŸˡ ([2019-10-29-1])

Ρʸȶˡ

#808. smileys or emoticons ([2011-07-14-1])
#2244. ԥȥβǽ ([2015-06-19-1])
#2400. ԥȥβǽ (2) ([2015-11-22-1])
#574. punctuation 4Ĥεǽ ([2010-11-22-1])
#575. Ū punctuation ˤ500ǯۤɡ ([2010-11-23-1])
#3045. punctuation εǽ¿ ([2017-08-28-1])

Referrer (Inside): [2023-02-05-1]

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2022-10-30 Sun

#4934. ѸֻΡԡ˵§ιͤ [spelling][orthography][writing][spelling_pronunciation_gap][methodology]

ñֻϤФԵ§Ǥ롤뤤㳰¿ʤɤȸ뤬θˤϡֵ§פ¸ߤȤ󤬤롥ֵ§פϤ뤬æƤΤ¿ȤͳǡԵ§פʤΤȤΤ褦
æ¿ȤС⤽ֵ§פȸƤǤΤϡ¤ϵ§̾ͤʤäΤǤϤʤȤˤʤ롥Ե§뤿ˤϵ§ƱꤵʤФʤʤΤ줬񤷤ԤˤäΩƤ뵬§ۤʤ뤫
ˤĤ Crystal (284) ̣ͿƤ롥

Regularity implies the existence of a rule which can generate large numbers of words correctly. A rule which works for 500 words is plainly regular; one which works for 100 much less so; and for 50, or 20, or 10, or 5 it becomes progressively less plausible to call it a 'rule' at all. Clearly, there is no easy way of deciding when the regularity of a rule begins. It has been estimated that only about 3 per cent of everyday English words are so irregular that they would have to be learned completely by heart, and that over 80 per cent are spelled according to regular patterns. That leaves some 15 per cent of cases where we could argue the status of their regularity. But given such statistics, the chief conclusion must be that we should not exaggerate the size of the problem, as some supporters of reform are prone to do. Nor minimize it either, for a great deal of confusion is caused by that 3--15 per cent, and some 2 per cent of the literate population never manage to resolve it . . . .


ֻ˸¤餺ˤֵ§פϤ褽ιʪǤꡤοԡ˵§ο⤢뤳Ȥˤʤ롥

Crystal, D. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 3rd ed. CUP, 2018.

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2022-10-21 Fri

#4925. ޻ɽɤȱѸ쥹ڥ󥰴 [romaji][spelling][japanese][writing][register]

Ρ#4905. ְΡפ Aichi Aiti ([2022-10-01-1]) ȴϢơīīʹī2̤ǡ֤狼롪޻ΤĤŤʣΡפꤹ2Υ޻β⤬ǺܤƤˤȡ־عιǤϡչ𼨤դޤƷἰ濴˳ؤ֡Ǥ⡤ѥݡȤɽƻϩɸʤɼҲǤϡѸ˶ᤤإܥ󼰤¿롥ʸģ9ȯɽ2021ǯ٤ι˴ؤĴǡ̾ʤɤ޻ǽ񤯤ʤɤ졩ʹȡإܥ󼰤ƩƤդ¿äἰ¿Фդ⤢äפȤ롥
衹ΤȤǡ夲ƵˤĤ̾Υ޻񤭤ˤĤƿҤͤȤ̣ȤʸģĴƱͤˡĿͤˤäɤ줬褦ȤȤʬä伫ȤϡȤĤŤΤ̤ȻפäƤΤˡȤĤŤͤ⤱äΤʤȵŤʤʤեåʷиä
Aiti/Aichi, Gihu/Gifu, Uzi/Uji, Akasi/Akashi, Atugi/Atsugi, Gosyogawara/Goshogawara, Tanba/Tamba Τ褦ʷἰȥإܥ󼰤κۤˤĤơȤΤĤŤ򿶤֤ꡤʬϤƤä⤷ʬϤФΤǤĤҲ𤷤褦

ĿŪˤ sho ǤϤʤ syo Ȥ⤷餽θ syo ȤʸѸǸ뤳ȤʤΤǡti ȰäƱѸȯǴĤƤʤȤ𤬤Τ⤷ʤ
ռŪˤ̵ռˤϤ狼ʤɽ줬ѤʤɤθƤޤΤǤϤʤ㤨СפϴѸҸѤ뤳Ȥ¿顤޻ǽ񤯤Ȥʤä˱Ѹʡإܥ󼰡ˤռǽȻפä
ĿͤȤƤϡTamba ðȡ˰ʳϽ񤯤Ȥ⥭ܡɤǤĤȤ⤹٤ƥإܥ󼰤äΤǡʤʤΤȹͤƤߤ餯 chi shi, sho ʤɤϡñǤܤˤ뵡¿ƬDZѸ˼ưѴ䤹ʤäƤΤȴ롥ǡ֤Сפ֤ƤפפΡ֤פȤ m ȼưѴǤۤɤˤϱѸǾˤʤäƤ餺ޤܿͤδФβǥ޻񤤤Ƥ
ѥǤʸϤκݤˤϡ֤פϱѸŪʡchiפϤΤФơ֤פܸŪʡˤʡsyoפǤĤΤ¿ɤǤäΰ첻첻Ǥΰ㤤ϤɤΤ褦ʸˤäΤʤΤ˵ˤʤä
Ǥ˽ФƤɤޤ뤳Ȥռƽ񤯤ȤȤ礭ƶȴ޻޻ȤɽܸüԤǤϤʤ͡ʼ˱ѸüԡˤꤹΤǡ񤯾ϥإܥ󼰤ǽ񤯤Ȥ¿褦˴롥ѥǤľʤɼºݤɽɽ˽Фʤϥإܥ󼰤ȷἰ򺮺ߤƻȤäƤ褦˻פ

ɤ޻ɽɤΤˤϡĿͤαѸи佬ҲŪθ˻ޤ͡װǤǤ롥Ȥ櫓ѸΥڥ󥰤ؤδ˴ŤĤȤװܤͤ롥
Ѥ variation ΤɤäΤǡҳ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-06-27-1] [2023-02-07-1]

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2022-10-01 Sat

#4905. ְΡפ Aichi Aiti [romaji][spelling][japanese][writing][register]

īʹī1335̡ˤˡAichi Ȥ Aiti޻ĤŤߡʸģƤפꤹ뵭ǺܤƤ롥30ʸģ2021ǯ٤ֹ˴ؤĴȯɽ줿3ǯ١ֹ˴ؤĴפη̤ˤĤơ (PDF) Ǥ롥
Ĵ̤ΤʤܤΤ3ϤΡ֥޻ɽ˴ؤռפˤĤƤǤ롥ܸΥ޻ɽ˴ؤ뤤Ĥμ䤬ΩƤƤΤСסְΡפʤɤɤΤ褦˥޻ɽ뤫Ȥ󥱡ȷ̤⤷ä
㤨ССפξ硤Akashi 75.4%Akasi 23.3%ȤʤäƤ롥֥إܥ󼰡פȡַἰפΰ㤤ɤǤԤˤɽϤȤ櫓70аʾ41%ȹ⤤ͤ򼨤ƤȤְΡפˤĤƤ Aichi 88.0%Aiti 10.8%ȤʤꡤǤإܥ󼰤ͥǤ롥
Ȥָ޽פˤʤȡἰ Gosyogawara 54.8%إܥ Goshogawara 43.9%ȤʤꡤžƤΤ⤷ˡפκ֤ⶽ̣إܥ󼰤 matcha maccha 줾32.4%12.1%ἰ mattya 23.6%Ȥإܥ󼰤ϴˤֱѸ켰פªƤ褤Ѹˤ <tch> ֻˤĤƤϡ#4033. 3Ż <tch> ʬۤˡ ([2020-05-12-1])#4034. 3Ż <tch> ֻ˹׸ Caxton ([2020-05-13-1]) DZѸˤδȤ롥
֤ɤΥ޻ɽȤפȤβ̤ɤ߲򤯤ȡΤοȤƤϷἰإܥ󼰤ͥǤȤܸüԤѤ޻ɽȤƤϡܸβηϤ˴źäἰΤۤ§Ū㳰ʤߤ䤹ȤΤεʤΤºݤΤȤϱѸ춵ʤɤ̤ƱѸֻ˴ƤǤͤ¿إܥ󼰤ؤηФǧ줿Ȥˤʤ롥
ܸΥ޻ɽˤĤƤϡܸ첻ηϤ뤤ϱѸֻηϤȤοȤֻδ顤ἰȥإܥ󼰡ʤȤ¾ˤΤ줬ޤȤʤƤפϡɤΤ褦ʵܸ줬޻ɽΤȤҲŪʸ̮ˤȻϹͤƤ롥
ܸ򤷤ʤХˬԤǰƬܸ޻ɽȤ̤ǤСݸǤѸ˴źäإܥ󼰤Ѥۤ䤹Ȥ¿ܸüԤܸ򥿥ԥ󥰤ݤ˥޻ѤȤ̤ǤСǿδܸ˴źäἰΤۤŪǤ롥
ǤϡƻϩɸʤɤǴ񤭤줿̾ο겾̾Ȥƥ޻Ѥˤϡɤ餬٥ܸüԤˤȤäƤϴɤ߲򤯥ҥȤ̤⤷ʤɤʤܸüԤˤȤäƤϡ޻ɽϥҥȤɤ󥵡ΤΤȤʤ롥
ʣΥ޻ɽȺ򾷤ΤΤ褤ȤոǤ롥Ȥ櫓Ūʿ̤ζʸǤϤ̤ҤΤ褦˥޻Ȥ̡ʼҲŪʥ쥸ˤϸʸʳˤ⤢ꡤ¿ͤǤ롥ˤ衤ɤޤΤ褤ΤȤȤϤɬפ롥
޻ hellog Ǥ romaji εǼ夲ƤΤǡ⻲ȡ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2022-09-07 Wed

#4881. ηϤ򹭤ϤǤη5 [writing][spelling]

Sampson ˤηϤ˴ؤκǸ2ڡǡƱǷ֤ƤŪʥơޤȤ5󤲤Ƥ롥ηϤ򹭤ϤǤη餷ΤȤäƤ褤줾ȴ褷ƾҲ𤹤롥

First, scripts are diverse. . . . A logographic script really is a different kind of thing from an alphabetic script, and syllabic scripts are different again. (265)


1ܤϡ͡ʼνηϤȤŪʻ¤Ǥ롥ظˤϡμνηϤܼŪͥƤ롤äƤȤäǤϤʤȤԤμĥ롥ơ¿ˤΤȤȡˤߤ褦ˡʬŪˤбäդԤϹͤƤ롥

Second, spoken languages are diverse, and sometimes scripts differ because different kinds of writing suit different kinds of language. Logographic writing works well for Chinese, where morphemes are clearly separate in the spoken language. It would be much harder to adapt to a "synthetic" language such as the European classical languages, where it is difficult to decide just what morphemes an inflected word includes. Syllabic writing is a natural approach for a language whose syllables are mainly of the CV type, but the Linear B example shows that it is not easy to make it work for a language with a more complicated phonological structure. Vowel-less writing works for Semitic languages, but would work less well for European languages. (265)


ηֲŪħ˱ơμνηϤդ路ȤϤǤȤ줬ɬ⶯ϤʵˤϤʤʤȤ򡤼Τ褦դäƤ롥

This second point should not be pressed too far. I do not suggest that differences between script types are always explainable in terms of difference between the spoken languages they record. . . . Many properties of scripts result from external historical causes unrelated to language structure. (265--66)


Ūħ쳰ŪװΤۤåѡϥɤ򰮤äƤȤ櫓ƺǸˡɽŪʽηϤǤŪǤȤΤϡˤ򸫤ʬȤꡤθۤǤȼ̤˳ˤ롥

Finally, contrary to what is often supposed, the history of writing systems does not support the assumption that the ideal script for a language is one that records speech sounds with perfect fidelity. (266)


ǸκǸˡѸΥڥ󥰤ϤɤȤСѸҲˤϤʤŬ礷Ƥ᤯롥

And, as one implication, English spelling may suit English-speaking societies better than is often supposed. (266)


5ηˤǼ

Sampson, Geoffrey. Writing Systems. 2nd ed. Sheffield: Equinox, 2015.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2022-04-27 Wed

#4748. ѸΥڥ󥰤ѰۤȽ񤭸դμΩ [me_dialect][variation][spelling][writing][medium]

ѸΥƥȤˤ¿¿ͤʥڥ󥰤ߤƤ롥ޤѰۤλѸäդѰۤĴХեޥȤ˿ҤͤʤɼҲؾμˡѤ뤳ȤǤ뤬꤬Ѹν񤭸դǤСʤ٤ȤѤäƤ롥եޥȤĤޤʤФ꤫ȯˤɤ夯Ȥ񤷤ΤǡѸΥڥ󥰤ѰۤˤĤĴ٤褦ȻפСȼˡȯ¸ʤФʤʤ뤲ΤA Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English (= LALME) Ի Angus McIntosh Michael L. Samuels Ǥ
McIntosh and Samuels ˤ LALME General Introduction (3.1.2) ˤȡѸΥڥ󥰤Ѱ߽ۤФ줿طʤȤơ5ब̤Ȥ

(i) Normal dialect variation, e.g. as in border areas . . . .
(ii) Variation of textual or codicological origin, e.g. layers of variants resulting from successive copyings.
(iii) Sociolinguistic variation, especially in writers affected by the spread of Standard English.
(iv) The combination of two separate dialects in a writer of mixed upbringing.
(v) Especially in the fifteenth century, an unusually wide range or eclectic combination of spellings in a single writer.


Ѱ (variation) ȤϲȤ򡤸ʱѡ˸äդȤǤϤʤѸν񤭸դȤįʤǡƱ꤬ɤ˭ӤӤ뤳Ȥ(i), (iii), (iv) äդˤΤ뤬(ii), (v) ˤĤƤϽ񤭸դͭλͳ褹Ѱۤȹͤ롥
ؤˤƤϽ񤭸դФäդͥȤΤQŪȯۤǤ롥ʸؤ칶ƤΤ褦ʼԤˤȤäƤϡξQŪ󤬲Ȥɤ񤭸դμΩȤΤ򿮤Ƥ뤫Ǥ롥ˤĤƤϲεǤ͡˵Ƥ㤨аʲεɤ

#1829. 񤭸եƥȤ3Ĥεǽ ([2014-04-30-1])
#2339. 񤭸դμΩ˴ؤ Vachek ε (1) ([2015-09-22-1])
#2340. 񤭸դμΩ˴ؤ Vachek ε (2) ([2015-09-23-1])
#2431. 񤭸դμΩ˴ؤ Bolinger ε ([2015-12-23-1])
#2508. 񤭸դμΩ˴ؤ Samuels ε ([2016-03-09-1])
#2819. ä濴æĤĤء ([2017-01-14-1])
#3886. äȤФȽ񤭤Ȥ (6) ([2019-12-17-1])

McIntosh, Angus, M. L. Samuels, and M. Benskin. A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. 4 vols. Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP, 1986.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-04-28-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-12-22 Wed

#4622. 񤭸դˤ춭ɽ路 [writing][distinctiones][word][syntax][grammatology][alphabet][kanji][hiragana][katakana][punctuation]

ñʬ (distinctiones) 뤫³ (scriptura continua) 뤫ϡʸʸȤ˰ۤʤäƤ뤷ƱʸʸǤӤˤäѤ뤳ȤäѸǤʬ񤭤ΤȻפƤ뤬űѸѸǤñ֤˥ڡۤȤɸʤʸϤˤäcf #3798. űѸδˤʬ񤭡 ([2019-09-20-1])ˡդܸǤ³񤭤ΤȻפƤ뤬ĻؽѤ˽񤫤줿ʿ̾ΤߤʸϤǤϡɤߤ䤹뤿˰տŪʬ񤭤뤳Ȥ⤢cf. #1112. ʬ (1) ([2012-05-13-1]
ŪˤСΤ褦ɽʸ䲾̾Τ褦ʲʥ⡼ʸ³񤭤뤳Ȥ¿ΤФñʸʥե٥åȡˤʬ񤭤뤳Ȥ¿Ϥޤ෿ηˤʤ񤭸դˤʤȤϡ餫ˡǸȸζ뤳ȤǤ롥ñ֤˥ڡ򤪤Ȥϡ¸ˡ1Ĥˤʤ
춭뤿ǤС⥹ڡˤɬפϤʤʸʸϤȡ㤨̥ʸˤƤʤɤǸڤȤˡƤץȾݷʸǿ̾ȤǰϤ५ȥ (cartouche) Τ褦ˡ⤢äˤĤƤϡ#3044. űѸˤʬ񤭡 ([2017-08-27-1]) ⻲ȡˡ
ޤˡʤ뤤ϤФСʸǽȤ§Сʸ춭򼨤Ȥˤʤꡤʬ񤭤ʤɤ¾ˡäɬפȤʤʤºݡꥷǤϸ˾ʸʤᡤʬ񤭤ɬܤǤϤʤäإ֥饤䥢ӥʤɤǤϡƱʸǤǤäƤѤ뤫ʳѤ뤫ˤۤʤʸηϤ⤢롥
ܸδʸ򤸤ʸǤϡǽ񤫤뤳Ȥ¿Ωʿ̾ǽ񤫤뤳Ȥ¿°줬ߤ˷֤ȤħġΤŵŪˤʿ̾ڤؤȤ춭Ȱפ롥ʬŪˤǤϤ졤춭θʬΤˤȤȤ
Ǹˡ#1114. ̾ϢʤϷѤ ([2012-05-15-1]) Ǹ褦ˡ񤭼꤬θñ̡㤨иˤ񤭽ȤǤäɮ夲ʤɤδȯã뤳Ȥ롥ȡڤפΤޤ޸춭򼨤Ȥˤʤ롥
Τ褦˸źʸʸįƤߤȡ춭ɽ魯ˡ¿¿ͤǤ롥ѸǸƤʬ񤭤ͣФˡǤϤʤȤõƤ⤽Ѹθν񵭤ˤʬ񤭤νΤŪˤϸȯŸʤΤcf . #1903. ʬ񤭤ˡ ([2014-07-13-1]

Daniels, Peter T. "The History of Writing as a History of Linguistics." Chapter 2 of The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. Ed. Keith Allan. Oxford: OUP, 2013. 53--69.

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2021-12-21 Tue

#4621. ⡼ --- ܸ줫ΰ̲ؤι׸ [syllable][phonology][grammatology][syllabary][hiragana][katakana][japanese][writing][terminology][mora]

ʸˤ⤷Ƥ Daniels (63) ˡܸβ̾ʿ̾Ҳ̾ˤ⡼˴ŤʸǤ뤳ȤڤƤ롥λ¤ΤΤܸؤǤ뤵ƤܿȤǤⲿǤʤ (syllable) ǤϤʤ⡼ (mora) ȤŪñ̤ؤ˻ޤ줿ۤʤܸ츦ˤäȤȤΤäܸβ̾ɽ䲻Τ˥⡼ȤǰȤɬפݡޤˤΤƳ줿ǰäΤ

The term 'mora' was introduced into modern linguistics by McCawley (1968) to render a term (equivalent to 'letter') for the characters in the two Japanese 'syllabaries' ('kana'), hiragana and katakana, which denote not merely the (C)V syllables of the language but also a syllable-closing nasal or length.


⡼Ȳ᤬ۤʤñ̤Ǥ뤳Ȥϡʲ㤫ʬ롥פˡĹ¥Τ褦ü첻ǤϡΩˤϤʤʤΩ⡼ˤϤʤ롥

֤ʤ (Nagasaki) 4⡼4
֤ (Ōsaka) 4⡼3
֥åȡ (roketto) 4⡼3
֤֤ (shimbun) 4⡼2

Ȥϰۤʤ뤬ܸüԤˤȤäƤ餫ΩʤȤߤʤƤ⤦1ĤβŪñ̡줬ܸΥ⡼Ǥ롥̾γʸˤϡ褽줤1ĤΥ⡼餬бƤ롥

Daniels, Peter T. "The History of Writing as a History of Linguistics." Chapter 2 of The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. Ed. Keith Allan. Oxford: OUP, 2013. 53--69.
McCawley, James D. The Phonological Component of a Grammar of Japanese. The Hague: Mouton, 1968.

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2021-12-18 Sat

#4618. ΩΤΥåΤεȯã [writing][printing][alphabet][grammatology][pragmatics][punctuation][bible][pragmatics]

ޥ󡦥ե٥åȤѤǤϡѲս䶯Ĵʬʤɡʬ̤˺Ω뤿ˤФХå (italics) Ѥ롥̾ΥޥΤǽ񤫤줿ʸΤʤǺٿȤΥåΤϤ褯ΩĤǤ롥ΤθŪˡȤäƤ褤cf. #574. punctuation 4Ĥεǽ ([2010-11-22-1]
åΤϡ1501ǯμܽΤ˴ŤΤȤƥ٥ͥǸ줿椬äٿȤǷкŪʽΤȤ߽Ф줿ΤǤ롥åΤ餫ΩͿ뤿Ѥ줿櫓ǤϤʤΩΤ˻Ѥϡ16ȾΥե󥹤ǤοȤ줬󥰥ɤˤꡤ1611ǯζ (Authorised Version) ˤʸνΤȤѤ˵ڤӡ˻äˤϥåΤλȤϳ餹Ԥ⸽줿褦ǡۤɤޤǤ˻Ѥ̲ƤȤȤˤʤ롥
嵭 Daniels (68--69) ɤǽΤäȤǤ롥񤬱Ѹ񵭤ˤ륤åλѤδΩ˰äƤ¤ˤϡä˶ä줿ƱαѸ˾ΰյ礭ƳǧǤ롥

Daniels, Peter T. "The History of Writing as a History of Linguistics." Chapter 2 of The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. Ed. Keith Allan. Oxford: OUP, 2013. 53--69.

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