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ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2022-05-02 Mon

#4753. ֱʸˡפ250ǯۤ˵Ū˺夲줿 [prescriptivism][prescriptive_grammar][lmode][lowth][priestley][youtube][voicy]

ܸʤѸʤΡʸˡפȤΤϡüԽĤˤΤʤǰ΢˺夲ߤ˽äƤδǤΰ̣ǤϡܸʤѸʤˤ餫ʸˡפäȤȤϤޤǤ⤢ޤ󡥿ʹֽĤäȤǤϸ̩ˤäƿ͹ŪʸˡǤˤϰ㤤ޤ󤬡ۤɰռŪˤ館ʸˡǤϤʤȤʤŪʸˡ餷ΤǤäƤȤθСޤǼȯŪʸˡȤޤ
ФưռޤäƤζˤƤϡʸ̤͹Ūʸˡ򤳤館ȤưФƤޤꥹǤ¾㴳٤ޤ18ޤˤλǤ٤ϤȤưռŪ˺줿ʸˡȤ̣ǵʸˡ (prescriptive_grammar) ȸƤФޤλˤǤäֵϱʸˡפϰŪ˻ٻ뤳Ȥˤʤꡤ˻ޤǡֱʸˡפȤСǥեȤǤλˤǤäƸ˼Ѥ줿ʸˡؤȤȤˤʤäƤޤܤμʸˡ TOEIC αʸˡ⤳Ǥ
Τ褦Ūʻ𤬤äȤƧޤϤɸΤ褦ˡ֡رʸˡ٤250ǯۤ˵Ū˺夲줿פȽҤ٤뤳ȤˤƤޤ䤿ǥեȤ򤷤ƤֱʸˡפȤΤϡ250ǯۤ˥ꥹμ֤ͤͭǡֱʸˡפ尴͡˼줿ִ֤ˡޤ줿ȤäƤǤϤޤ󡥤ĤޤֱʸˡפȤϡ餬ֱʸˡפ񤭾夲ִ֤ˤǤäʪȤȤˤʤޤˤϡֱʸˡפϤʤäΤǤ
ո줿 YouTube ְʼδѸظإͥ19Ƥֱʸˡʤߤʤ󡪶ˤȿͤ18εʸˡȤǤڰʼδѸظإͥ # 19 ۡȤȥǤ󤫤ήǴط̾ˤϤᡤ18εʸˡλäڤӤޤ



ơ YouTube Ƥơä­ʤäʬ­٤κī Voicy Ǥ18ȾФ˱ʸˡ夲 Robert Lowth ȤϤäԡꤷơϢ뤳Ȥäޤεʸˡλˤǽ׿ʪ Robert Lowth ȤͤǤ



ܤϡ#2583. Robert Lowth, Short Introduction to English Grammar ([2016-05-23-1]) ϤȤ lowthprescriptive_grammar γƵ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-07-19-1]

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2022-05-01 Sun

#4752. which vs that --- ط̾αˤҤѰ [relative_pronoun][frequency][corpus][youtube][syntax][genre][ame_bre]

427ʿˤ˸줿 YouTube ְʼδѸظإͥǤּΤߤʤ󡪴ط̾ʸˡְ㤨нˡǤ衼ڰʼδѸظإͥ # 18 ۡꤷƴط̾夲ޤʤʤ¿İƤ褦ǡ꤬¤Ǥºݤ2ͤǤ⤷Ȥ򤷤٤äƤޤʾСˡҤ



ɸѸǴط̾Ȥ which, who, whom, that, ƥʤط̾ξάդ꤬󤲤ޤΤ줬Ѥ뤫ȤˤϡʣΥѥ᡼ʣ˴ؤäƤޤط̾Ǥ䤬ʤʤΤŪʤʤΤȤȤϤ¡ˡΰ㤤Ի줬̵ͭʤɤ̣Ūѥ᡼ʣ˴ͿƤޤˡޤܤޤ󤬡¤ϻѰ (register) ȤŪѥ᡼ط̾ˤȤƤפ̤ƤΤǤ
Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (608--21) ˤϡѥѤط̾˴ؤĴ̤ܺ٤˼ƤޤϤ򻲾Ȥʤ顤ΤȤƺǤ٤ι⤤Ȥ which that ˾ơξԤʬۤ٤Ƥߤޤ礦
which that ¿ξؤǽǤعʸˡǶȤꡤ§Ȥ which Ի줬̵ξ˸¤졤ޤˡΤߤʤ餺ˡȤƤȤȤħߤޤthat ԻӤޤ󤬡ˡ˸ꤵޤ
which that ʬۤΰ㤤ˤĤƤ⤷ΤϡΤ褦̣ŪװƱ餤ѰȤװƤȤȤǤwhich ݼŪdzؽŪʴޤߤꡤؽѻʸǤˡ˸ꤹС70%ᡤthat ݤƤޤthat ϸŪǤޤߤꡤ㤨ХեǤˡ˸ꤹȡ75%ޤ
ޤꥫѸ줫ꥹѸ줫Ȥ㤤⡤which vs that Ǥޤ˥塼ǤˡܤȡꥫѸΤۤ餫 that 򹥤ߡꥹѸǤ which 򹥤ߤޤä٤ȡޤޤꥫѸǤ that ޤ졤ꥹѸ2ܤ٤Ѥޤ
ΤȤơLGSWE (616) which vs that зˤĤƼΤ褦礷Ƥޤ

The AmE preference for that over which reflects a willingness to use a form with colloquial associations more widely in written contexts than BrE.


ط̾αˤϻѰȤեҤǤΤǤ
ʤߤˡ18:00˸ YouTube #19 ϴط̾³ԤȤʤޤڤߤˡ

Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad, and Edward Finegan, eds. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson Education, 1999.

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2022-04-19 Tue

#4740. űѸΤΥ饤꥽ [notice][oe][hel_education][voicy][youtube][link][masanyan]

ǯ٤ϤޤꡤءʱˤαʸʤܤʤɤǡָűѸפμȤ֤줿Ȥ⤢뤫ȻפޤֱѸˡ׳Ϥޤ⡤ָűѸμȤȤΤܤءʱˤǤ⤫ʤ굩ǡǴȤäƤ褤ʪǤءʱˤμȤǤ餽Τ褦ʾǤΤḁ̇̄ǥǤΡָűѸؽפΤξȯȻפޤȤȤǡָűѸפ󶡤ƼǥؤΥ󥯤Ҳ𤷤ޤ

֤ޤˤͥΡ꡼űѸϡܽθűѸ YouTube ͥǤ
ޤˤˤϡ Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio) ˤ2٤ۤɽб餷ƤäƤޤʲ2ܤİ
- #149. ̡űѸפΤޤˤȡűѸäƤɤʸ졩2021ǯ1027
- #309. khelf Ĺ֤ޤˤפˤűѸϻס2022ǯ45ˡλߡűѸϻΤΤɤ



Ĥˤ Voicy θűѸϢȤƤϡ̤Ǥ
- #148. űѸäƤɤʻ塩2021ǯ1026
- #321. űѸäȤɡޥִξ˲ȤƤ׶ä2022ǯ417
- #326. ɤƸűѸȯ狼ΤǤ2022ǯ422ˡʢդ­ޤ
űѸζɽΥ祳 (PDF) ɤ
Essentials of Old English: 饤ǸűѸٶʤ餳űѸŪطʤʸˡʤɤؤ٤ޤȤ櫓 A short grammar of Old English ϼڤɬ
Readings in Early English: űѸ졤Ѹ졤ѸΥƥȤȤɤ߾夲ǥե뤬Ǥޤ
Essentials of Early English : űѸζɽʤɤPDFǼޤμܤؤΥ󥯤ĥƤޤܽ
Peter S. Baker ˤ YouTube Ǥ Old English Readings
ܥ֥ oe Υդ⡤ͭѤʤϤǤ

Smith, Jeremy J. Essentials of Early English. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2005.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-08-18-1]

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2022-04-12 Tue

#4733. ѸˤϤ⤷ --- VoicyֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio) ǤϢ³ [heldio][start_up_hel_2022][notice][khelf][hel_education][bibliography][link][youtube][masanyan]

41#4722. ǯ٤ΡֱѸ˥ȥåס״򳫻ϡ ([2022-04-01-1]) ꤷƱѸˤγؤӤ礷Ƥޤhellog λǤȤ٤ Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio) Ǥ⡤Ϣǯ٤ڤʤȤϰۤʤ̣ϤƤޤŪˤϱѸˡѸؤ칶򾷤̤Ԥʤ͡ʳ٤Ʊʬ̥ϤƤޤ11³Ƥ̴ˤĤơƿ֤ĤľҲ𤷤ޤ

ֻȤ̡Ĺϥ󥰥ɤ42ˡءˤȤΤ٤ǤޤΡĹפĤʤ̾αѸˡѸˤȤϡοȶʤȤˤޤ
khelf Ĺ֤ޤˤפˤرѸ˿ʹ٤ξҲ43ˡkhelf ȤʡˤرѸ˿ʹ1ȯԤޤԽѰĹ̳᤿ khelf ĹΤäǤ
khelf Ĺ֤ޤˤפˤֱѸ˥ƥ50פξҲ44ˡ³ơkhelf Τ⤦1Ĥοǯ̴ֱܶѸ˥ƥ50פξҲǤ1ıѸˤ꤬夬äƤޤƱβǤ
khelf Ĺ֤ޤˤפˤűѸϻס45ˡkhelf Ĺ桦ưȼ̣ʡˤαĹǡȤʤűѸϻޤź掠ӥꡥ
ֻܻȤ̡Ѹ춵ܻؤؤαѸˤΤ46ˡܻĻرءˤȡѸ춵ȱѸˤˤĤǮޤ
ڹȤ̡饹ä1ġ47ˡڹʷܳرءȤΡѸˤӥ饹ؤ夬ޤƱؤαؤƱ Jeremy J. Smith ˻ջޤ
ָľȥȤ̡ɸѸ츸ۤˤĤƸ48ˡľȥءˤȤɸѸˤޤĤäǮ̤ǤϡѸˤηäǤ褫ȥԥåȻפäƤޤ
߷ͧȤ̡ʤѸؤδؿޤäƤΤ49ˡ߷ͧΩءˤȤΡ͵ޤ World Englishes ˤĤƤ̡ʤʤΤޤ
ྰȤ̡˼äߤαѸ˳3410ˡྰʡˤˤ븷3ξҲ𡥿ǯ٤γؤӻϤˡؤΩľǤ3ˤĤƤرѸ˿ʹٿǯٹ泰ȤƤҲ𤷤Ƥޤ
ǦȤ̡Baugh and Cable αѸ˳411ˡǦʽٲءˤؤǺǤ⹭ɤޤƤѸ˳Ȥ Baugh and Cable ˤĤƾܤ⤷ƤޤδϢɤ
ְʼȤ̡YouTube Ϥ1Ⱦˤʤޤ412ˡʼʷءˤȻ䤬2ƤְʼδѸظإͥˤĤơޤ13ο֤̤Ÿ˾ޤ

Ϣ³̤Ϥä󤳤ǽޤޤߤ̤ԤʤäƤȻפäƤޤɤ

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2022-03-24 Thu

#4714. ȯù԰٤Ȥϲ [youtube][terminology][speech_act][pragmatics][sociolinguistics][philosophy_of_language]

ʼȤ YouTube 8ƤޤѸͤʼդ---Ǥ⡤ܿͤ鸫ȤʤʡڰʼδѸظإͥ #8 Ǥ󤫤³ΤȤʤޤ
պ֤ʤעջ֡٤Ȥޤעջ֤䤦 Will you . . . ? ˤĤƢWill you . . . ? ǫΤ褦˥äǤޤޤ˻̤ȤǤΤǡϤȴƵڤˤİ



ưǡȯù԰ (speech_act) 濴ȤʤäƤޤȯù԰٤ȤϲʤΤǤ礦
Ūʸ (pragmatics) Ω줫餤СäʹΥߥ˥ο񤤤ȤδϢߤȯäפۤɤǤǤϤ褯ʬޤ͡
̤ˤϡȯù԰٤ˤ3ढȤƤޤ1ĤϡäˤȯäΤ (locutionary acṭǤΡȯù԰١) 2Ĥϡäΰտޡ뤤ä꤬ȯäˤäƹԤʤäƤ뤳 (illocutionary actȯ԰١) 3Ĥϡä꤬ȯä̤ʹ˵ڤܤ (perlocutionary actȯ޲԰١) Ǥ
ĤѸ켭ŵ "speech act (theory)" Ĵ٤ƤߤޤŪ狼䤹ûä2Ѥޤ礦

speech act theory A theory associated with the work of the British philosopher J. L. Austen, in his 1962 book How to do things with words, which distinguishes between three facets of a speech act: the locutionary act, which has to do with the simple act of a speaker saying something; the illocutionary act, which has to do with the intention behind a speaker's saying something; and the perlocutionary act, which has to do with the actual effect produced by a speaker saying something. The illocutionary force of a speech act is the effect which a speech act is intended to have by the speaker. (Trudgill 125)


speech act A term derived from the work of the philosopher J. L. Austin (1911--60), and now used widely in linguistics, to refer to a theory which analyses the role of utterances in relation to the behaviour of speaker and hearer in interpersonal communication. It is not an 'act of speech' (in the sense of parole), but a communicative activity (a locutionary act), defined with reference to the intentions of speakers while speaking (the illocutionary force of their utterances) and the effects they achieve on listeners (the perlocutionary effect of their utterances). Several categories of speech act have been proposed, viz. directives (speakers try to get their listeners to do something, e.g. begging, commanding, requesting), commissives (speakers commit themselves to a future course of action, e.g. promising, guaranteeing), expressives (speakers express their feelings, e.g. apologizing, welcoming, sympathizing), declarations (the speaker's utterance brings about a new external situation, e.g. christening, marrying, resigning) and representatives (speakers convey their belief about the truth of a proposition, e.g. asserting, hypothesizing). The verbs which are used to indicate the speech act intended by the speaker are sometimes known as performative verbs. The criteria which have to be satisfied in order for a speech act to be a successful are known as felicity conditions. (Crystal 446)


Ϣܥ֥ʲε⤴Ȥ

#2665. ȯù԰٤Ŭ ([2016-08-13-1])
#2674. Ūʸ3Ĥħ ([2016-08-22-1])
#2831. performative hypothesis ([2017-01-26-1])
#1646. ȯù԰٤ʸ ([2013-10-29-1])

Trudgill, Peter. A Glossary of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Crystal, David, ed. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 6th ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008. 295--96.

Referrer (Inside): [2023-02-13-1] [2023-01-01-1]

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2022-03-21 Mon

#4711. 󥰥ͤϼդʤä [youtube][speech_act][anglo-saxon][oe][historical_pragmatics][heldio][evidence]

ʼȤ YouTube 7ƤޤΤαѸˤϼպɽʤä--áդʤääƤȡڰʼδѸظإͥ #7 Ǥ



ɤűѸǤϡּպפȤȯù԰ (speech_act) ʤä뤤Ϥ餷ΤäȤƤΩäҲ񴷽ǤϤʤäȤǤ#3208. ݥ饤ȥͥäűѸ ([2018-02-07-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡαѸҲˤȤƤʸδ󥰥ҲˤϤʤäȤȤϡޤǤ𤵤ƤޤΤ⤦1ĤȤơպ (apology) 󤲤ȤȤǤ
ŵϡѸ˸ʬŪ˸ʤƤ Kohnen κǿʸǤKohnen (169) ¾ԸˤСպȯù԰٤ϸűѸˤϤߤ줺ѸˤʤäƽȤƤޤպϡؤκιȤꥹȶŪʸ̮˵¯ƵҲءˤήؤȳȤꡤŪʼҲŪǽ˻äȤήǤѸޤǤˤϡպ mea culpa, I am ryght sory, me repenteth Τ褦ʸɽȷӤĤ褦ˤʤäƤޤ
YouTube ˤȤʤޤѸܤμպΤϡʤۤʤޤ͡ϡ嵭̤Ѹˤպ᤬Ūʸ̮üȯƤȤؤäƤ褦˻פޤۤȤǤ碌ʤ˰夵Ȥ̤ڤǤ櫓ǤäƤˤɤɤ󥢥ǥͯƤޤȯޤؤΤʤȼ´Ƥޤ
YouTube Ǥϻ֤Թ塤˥åȤƤʬ⤢ޤΤǡ䤦ĤǺī Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)Ʊͤ夲ޤ⤼Ҥİ



Kohnen, Thomas. "Speech Acts in the History of English: Gaps and Paths of Evolution." Chapter 9 of English Historical Linguistics: Historical English in Contact. Ed. Bettelou Los, Chris Cummins, Lisa Gotthard, Alpo Honkapohja, and Benjamin Molineaux. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2022. 165--79.

Referrer (Inside): [2023-02-17-1]

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2022-03-17 Thu

#4707. ꡦͶ Will you . . . ? ϤĤ餢롩 [youtube][pragmatics][historical_pragmatics][politeness][interrogative][auxiliary_verb][speech_act][sobokunagimon]

18:00 YouTube 6ƤޤWould you...?ʤɤδŪʰλϱѸͭ--ȺǶαѸħڰʼδѸظإͥ #6 Ǥ꤬ѸΥݥ饤ȥͥѸˤؤȥʥߥåڤؤäƤޤΤǡŪʳФ⤤äΤǤϤʤȡ



ʼˡرѸλ׹ˡäʸˡʸå١˼Ҥ޿ӡ2021ǯǤϡѸλ׹ˡκˤϡΩס֤Ĥʤספ3줬ȼĥƤޤʡ#4526. ʼˡرѸλ׹ˡäʸˡʸå١ ([2021-09-17-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
1ĤθȤơѸǤϡ˲ꡦͶݤˡΥץ饤Хˤʤ٤Ƨ߹ޤʤ褦ˡưѤʸηǥݥ饤ȤɽȤޤưǤ夲줿 Would you . . . ? ŵǤ¾ˤ Will you . . . ?, Could you . . . ?, Can you . . . ? ʤɤޤWon't you . . . ? ʤɤС⤢ޤ줾ǫ٤ϰۤʤޤȥ͡ʸ̮ˤäƤϡषȤʤ⤢Τǡ¤ϤʤʤȤˤȤ⤢ޤطʤˤŪʹͤϡľ᤹̿ΤǤϤʤΰոǽϤ䤦ʸκۤȤäƤȤȤǤ˥Ρ뼫ͳѤͤƤ롤ΩºŤƤƤ롤Ȥ˱ѸήΥݥ饤ȥͥΤȤȤǤ
ѸŪˤߤȡΤ褦ʱѸŪʥݥ饤ȥͥɽɤŤ餢äΤ򸫶ˤ뤳ȤϡɬñǤϤޤ󡥶ʹߤΰճȿɽǤǽ⤢ΤǤ
Will you . . . ? оݤʤäƤߤޤ餷ʸϸűѸ줫󤬤äƤޤѸǤۥȤߤޤOED will, v.1 θ8bȴ褷ޤ礦

 b. Expressing a request in the second person, in the interrogative or in a subordinate clause after a verb such as beg.
     Such a request is usually courteous, but when given emphasis, it is impatient.
     This construction implies a first person response: 'I beg that you will excuse this' implies 'I will excuse it'.

   . . . .
   lOE St. Margaret (Corpus Cambr.) (1994) 166 Wilt þu me get geheran and to minum gode þe gebiddan?
   ?a1300 Fox & Wolf l. 186 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 33 Þou hauest ben ofte min I-fere, Woltou nou mi srift I-here?
   c1390 Pistel of Swete Susan (Vernon) l. 135 Wolt þou, ladi, for loue, on vre lay lerne?
   1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. vi. sig. aiiiiv Sir said Ector vnto Arthur woll ye be my good & gracious lord when ye are kyng.
   . . . .


MED willen v.(1)θ18aΤȤˤ⡤Ĥ㤬󤲤Ƥޤ
Τ褦˸ƤȡꡦͶ Will you . . . ? ϸűѸѸΤ褦ʸŤ餢äȹͤ줽Ǥ㤬ƱΰꡦͶȯù԰٤ɽ路ƤɤϡĤҤȤʸ̮äƿŤ˳Τɬפޤΰջ֤䤦ʸǤϤʤüԤˤꡦͶȯù԰٤ɽ魯ʸǤ뤳Ȥʸ̮ǧꤹɬפΤǤơ䤫ꡦͶϸŪ˥ǡʤƤΤǡǤϤʤ¾Ǹ뤳Ȥϡȥ͡ʤɤǤʤʸ١θˤäƤϡʤʤʤȤʤΤǤ
Τ褦˿ŤʻʤСŪʰꡦͶ Will you . . . ? ϡμ盧Ѹʤ뤤Ϥ̤äƸűѸˤ˵줽ǤܳŪѤФΤϤäȸΤȤǤȤǽĤޤˤĤƤϡǤˡ#3632. ɽ魯 Will you . . . ? ν ([2019-04-07-1])#3637. ɽ魯 Will you . . . ? ν (2) ([2019-04-12-1]) ǤƤޤΤǡ⻲Ȥ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-02-13-1]

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2022-03-14 Mon

#4704. åȥɱѸλŪθ򾯡 [youtube][scottish_english][scots][glaswegian][sociolinguistics]

18:00˰ʼȤ YouTube 5Ƥޤ饹 vs. ǥХ顦Υ᡼ϤɤΤ褦ˤǤ롩ڰʼδѸظإͥ #5 ꤹ롤8ʬ٤δˤ٤Ǥæ˭٤Ǥ



ϡưǤȤʤäƤ륹åȥɱѸˤĤƻŪθ򾯡äȻפޤϥåȥɤΥ饹ؤαؤƤȤޤʤǤϤʤǤˤʹʤåȥɱѸ (Scottish English or Scots) ˸ǤޤꥹǤ⡤Ȥ櫓饹¤αѸ (Glaswegian) ϥȤĤȤΤϹΤƤɾǡºݤʤʤʪǤ
֡פ֡¤פȰǤäƤ⡤Τʤǡ־פֲפޤǤꥨ󤬤ΤǤ㤨СƱåȥɱѸȤäƤ⡤ʼ˥åȥɤμԥǥХΡμͤѤɸॹåȥɱѸפϡ䤿Ūɸ।ꥹѸȤ򤷤ƤȯȤϰ褷ƤΤΡǤʹ䤹ݤޤǥХȯϡ󥰥ɡʤƥꥹΡˤμԤǤɥȤŪϢȤռ졤ְҿȯפȤߤʤƤޤդˤСƥƤΥåȥ¤äпȼԤ餹ȡäȯʹ褦Ǥ
ǥХ餫ХǤŴƻǤ1֤ۤɤΥƤʤ饹¤ϡʤꥳƥƤȤƤޤ饹¤üԤϡǥХȯȤƵΥ뤳Ȥǡʬʥ󥰥ɤջӤʤ˿ΥåȥɿͤʤΤȤǥƥƥɽФƤȤޤϢơåȥɿͤǤ⥨꡼ȻָϥǥХؤؿʳؤϸָϥ饹ؤؿʳؤȤʹȤޤ
оݤ֥饹¤פȶʤäƤ⡤ϤꤽΤʤǾ岼ޤϼؤδĶˤΤǡ٥ƥ٤ޤ줿饹¤İ¿äȻפޤʬʤǿ򤹤С"foreigner talk" Τ褦¿ƼϤƤ٤äƤȤȤ⤢ޤںߤƤեåȤǡʥꥹʪǤ˥줿ꡤ뤬줿ꤹȡͤ󤬽Ƥ櫓Ǥʸ̤ꥳƥƤΥ饹¤ˤϡޤä夲ǤͤƱΤäƤΤΩʹƤȡꥹΤʤäʤС⤽ѸȤǧǤʤäȻפޤեåȥᥤȤϸʣˡ饹¤ʹꥹäƤȻפǤΤǤϤޤäǤǤޤǤ
Υ饹¤˥ץå⤤ޤϸָǤФۤɤǤʤΤǤ礦ʽСפͤƤˤȤäƤϡɾ㤤饹¤꤬­ˤʤΤǤϤʤȤ԰¤褦ǤϢơ#2029. ܤ̤ץåˡ ([2014-11-16-1])#2030. ꥹ̤ץåˡ ([2014-11-17-1]) ⤴Ȥ
̤ץåȤΤϤäƤϤʤʤȤϻפޤ¤ˤ¿θ춦ƱΤˤʺȤ¸ߤޤϼҲؤΰǤ伫ȤѸˤδϢ˥ץƤޤ

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2022-03-13 Sun

#4703. ƥİ (heldio & hellog-radio) ޤ [link][sobokunagimon][notice][hel_education][heldio][hellog-radio][heldio][youtube]

1ǯ9ۤɤδ֡ܥ֥μݤǤֱѸˤ˴ؤ򹭤Ĺ󶡤³פǥ˺ܤߤ³Ƥޤ
ޤ2020ǯ6232021ǯ27ޤǤϡǤϤޤhellog 饸 (hellog-radio)פꤷơ110ʬ٤βƥĤ62ܡܥȤΤʤȼ˥åץɤƤޤʤߤ˽ϡ#4075. ʤʸȾʸΤǤ --- hellog 饸ǡ ([2020-06-23-1]) ȤǤʤ¾hellog-radio ε⻲ȡˡ
θ塤2021ǯ62ꡤƥۿѤΥץåȥեȤ Voicy ˳ưξܤֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ꤹͥˤƥƥۿ³Ƥޤʸ塤˻ޤ10ʬ٤αѸˤۿƤޤʷ286ܡˡ
ӤƱѸ˴ؤѤʵ濴ȤƤˤäƤޤ嵭Τ褦椫ץåȥեѹȤ⤢ꡤƥĤκ߽褬2ʬƤޤäƤޤǤϳѤ両ؤʤΤǡΤξץåȥեफΥƥĤǤڡޤ֥ǾΥ˥塼ˤ⤢ޤֲƥİ (heldio & hellog-radio)򥯥åƤߤƤǿΤΤ˥ƥĤƤޤ
ΰڡϺʤ٤ˤ˹ƤȻפäƤޤʤɤϾѲƤꡤȤ櫓ˤ⤤ޤΤǡǿƥĤˤĤƤֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)Ǥǧ
ơǯ12ˡ#4633. 2021ǯˤ褯İ줿ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸פ ([2022-01-02-1]) ǺΥ󥭥󥰤Ƥߤޤ줫3ۤɷФäƤޤäƿ󥭥󥰤ޤΤǡ褯İƤ50ƥĤ󤲤Ȼפޤ֤ΤȤˤǤⵤڤˤİ
ʤߤ˥ȥåפϺǯ917ƱνΰʼȤ̤Ǥ¤ϤμϿΤȤˡƥĤ̤褤Ǥ YouTube ưˤɤǤ礦͡ʤɤȤȤ꤬ꡤ226 YouTube ְʼδѸظإͥߤƤޤäȤǤ

  1. ֡رѸλ׹ˡ١ʤ޿ˤԡʼȤ̡1,0041082021/09/17
  2. ֤ʤ A pen ʤΤ AN apple ʤΡ99312021/06/02
  3. flower ʲ֡ˤ flour ʾʴˤƱ츻82022021/06/03
  4. ֤ʤ줬ʸƬ VS ˤʤΡ719882021/08/28
  5. ֿ֡ФѤлȤʤפбѸθ62932021/06/04
  6. ֤ʤ used to do ֡ΤäפʤΡ5021692021/11/16
  7. ̡ʼȡֱѸ쿷֡פ4951442021/10/22
  8. ֤ʤ Monday ϥࡼǥǤϤʤޥǥʤΡ48062021/06/07
  9. harassment ΥȤϤɤ֤ФΡ47042021/06/05
  10. ֤ʤ one Ƚ񤤤ƥͤǤϤʤƥʤΡ42772021/06/08
  11. ̡Ѹˤ4181402021/10/18
  12. meat ΤĤƤΰ̣ϡֿʪװ̤ä38652021/06/06
  13. one, only, any Ʊ츻äΤäƤޤ38682021/06/09
  14. forget, forgive for- Ȥϲ384872021/08/27
  15. ̡Ѹ X ݱѸ3681412021/10/19
  16. first -st ϺǾä36592021/06/10
  17. ָߴλϲɽ魯ɽȶNG?350832021/08/23
  18. Japanese -ese äƲ3461652021/11/12
  19. this,that,theʤɤthϲ̣Ρ3432332022/01/19
  20. Ω̿ءܹȤ̡ݱѸȤϲ3241732021/11/20
  21. ֱѸä1/3ϥե󥹸졪322262021/06/27
  22. ֻʤ̸ֻ¸ߡ3181332021/10/11
  23. ֻǤ̤Ǥ⸽߷Ѥ롩316332021/07/04
  24. read - read - read Υʥ3151992021/12/16
  25. third three + th ѷʤΤǽ൬§Ū310102021/06/11
  26. ֤ʤꥫѸǤ R ȯΡ309142021/06/15
  27. ֤ʤ̾ REcord ʤΤư reCORD ʤΡ302152021/06/16
  28. ֥ѡޡåȤȥϥѡޡåȡ302432021/07/14
  29. It's kind of you to come. of302912021/08/31
  30. sheep deer ñʣƱΥʥ301122021/06/13
  31. ̡űѸפΤޤˤȡűѸäƤɤʸ졩3001492021/10/27
  32. shall will λȤʬ§ϤĤ餢Ρ3002182022/01/04
  33. ֱѸȥꥷδطäơ2991372021/10/15
  34. i, j ξϲ2971282021/10/07
  35. -ly դʤñˡˡ2921272021/10/05
  36. ϵ46ǯˤˤȤƤαѸ2921342021/10/12
  37. ֤⤽ English Ȥñϥʥ餱290162021/06/17
  38. ֥饤ʡʸˤˤĤơ2892712022/02/26
  39. a lot of lot Ȥϡ2871002021/09/09
  40. -ment, -ance ʤɶѸ̾Ω2861702021/11/17
  41. ֤ʤʸƬͭ̾ʸǻϤΡ285502021/07/21
  42. ָűѸäƤɤʻ塩2851482021/10/26
  43. ֤ʤ will must Τ褦˽ư¤٤ƤϥʤΡ2841522021/10/30
  44. ִܱñ100εϤۤܥ󥰥2821062021/09/15
  45. ֥ꥫѸˤȻʬ2821642021/11/11
  46. star ¤ constellation2811682021/11/15
  47. ̼֡ȡפϥȥ˥Ǥ280512021/07/22
  48. ֤ʤ second 2ܤΡפϼѸ졪279112021/06/12
  49. ֽפʸˡŪñˤ϶ȼ岻2Ĥȯ2791622021/11/09
  50. Ƭ dis- ʤΡĴʤΡ2782252022/01/11

[ | ѥڡ ]

2022-03-10 Thu

#4700. ѸˤȼҲ [youtube][sociolinguistics][pragmatics][history_of_linguistics][variation]

ʼȤ YouTube 4ƤޤpleaseλȤϥ󡪡ߥ˥μҲءڰʼδѸظإͥ #4 ꤹ뤪٤ǤҲ (sociolinguistics) ȤʬˤĤƳѤƤߤޤ



ҲؤϰȻ䤬ؿͭʬǤ⤽Ѹ˸ŪˡμҲŪʸŪطʤθΤŪǤȼҲδطͻҲؤȤܼŪ褤ΤǤ20ȾҲؤŪϤƤȡѸ˸⤽̤ߡʲǽƤޤȤ櫓μҲŪѰۤ¸ߤȤ "variationist" ʸѤϡҲؤ߽Ф줿Τǡ򺣤αѸ˸ǤŪ˺ѤƤޤ
Ҳؤμ夲¿ˤ錄ޤ#2545. Wardhaugh μҲسܼ ([2016-04-15-1]) ʤɤ򳵴ѤȡСϰϤιʬȻפޤɸಽϰҲ쥸󥬡ե󥫡ԥ졤쥪졤2ѡ¿ѡɥå󥰡ǡ󡤸Ѳԥᥦդβ⡤ץȥס֡նɽ٤ꡤƾΡݥ饤ȥͥȯù԰١Ĵθ캹̡츢ײʤɡɤ󤲻ϤȻߤޤޤ󡥱ѸˤǤ⡤γơǰƬˤƸ椹뤳ȤǽǤ
YouTube ǤϡߥȥޥμҲؤ˿ޤߥʼҲؤǤϡ㤨ŵŪ2ͤδ֤߹԰ (interaction) ܤ褦ʥץޤˤ᤹ܶ뤳Ȥ¿ǤޥʼҲؤǤϡ2ͤˤȤɤޤ餺춦ƱΤȤ礭ñ̤ǸȼҲδطȤ館褦Ȥޤ⡤ξԤ³Ȥͤ򤷤Ƥޤ
ҲؤΥߥȥޥˤĤƤϡʲε⻲ȤƤ

#1380. micro-sociolinguistics macro-sociolinguistics ([2013-02-05-1])
#1623. ͥ¿Ծ --- ޥȥߥμҲء ([2013-10-06-1])
#2005. üԺߤθѲؤηپ ([2014-10-23-1])
#3204. ˼Ҳؤ˸ιή ([2018-02-03-1])

Ҳؤ˴ؿäϡҡ#1480. ʱѸ˼Ҳسν ([2013-05-16-1]) ꤤ줫γ˼äƤߤƤ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-04-29-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2022-03-07 Mon

#4697. 褯ؤäƤ̣桪 [history_of_linguistics][semantics][youtube][cognitive_linguistics][pragmatics]

ʼȤ YouTube 3ƤޤϰԤǤˤƼ㤭ǯϸ˴ؿäΤɬĶȥȡϸؤΥͥˤʤΤֱѸؤؤʰԡˡ



Τ٤Υɤϡְ̣פȻפäƤޤ䥳ߥ˥ϡ̣礦ȤΤϤǤȤؤˤƤϰ̣θ򤱤줭ΤǤȯʸϼʹܤ˸ΤĴ٤褦ޤȤ̣ϤɤˤªɤʤΤǡ椷ȤƤˡʤ󤷤ˤʤäƤޤΤǤ
ؤˤҤȤȡϤ̣ΰϾ˼夫äȤʬޤˤȤäܼŪǤְ̣פεʤʤä顤ؤ⤪ޤΤϤǤǤΤǡĴǤϤ졤Ϥ̣ε³Ƥޤ#1686. Ụ̄άˡ ([2013-12-08-1]) ɤǤΤǤĴʤ⡤Ф̣¦μĥ񹳤ϡΤ¸ߤ³ޤ
βη̤ȤäƤ褤ΤǤ礦ƬȤäƤ褤ΤǤ礦Ĥ1970ǯ夯餤顤ǤϤʤ̣ܵȤȸƤޤǧΰ̣ (cognitive_linguistics) (pragmatics) Ȥäפΰ̣ (semantics) Ǥợ椬Ƥޤ
ְ̣פϱѸ semantics ȸޤʣ -s ˤĤƤޤϾפΤǤ19衤Ĵʤ͡ʡְ̣sפޤƤ櫓ǤṬ̌ξ˿̣ääѤƤȤǤȯŸȤϡṬ̌ȿ̣¤ӤˤʤäȯŸƤ褦˻פΤǤʸ̤ʣΡְ̣sפǤ
ự椬ؤˡʤ褯äƤ櫓Ǥμ̣ȤƤϡ͡ʡְ̣sפʻ¸Ƥ뤳Ȥˤ⤷ʤȻפäįƤޤ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-08-25-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2022-03-03 Thu

#4693. YouTube 2ơʣ3ñEbonics [youtube][notice][plural][3sp][aave][sociolinguistics][dialect][ame_bre][link][hellog_entry_set]

227˳ߤְʼδѸظإͥ2ƤޤɸѸפꥹΡä顤ܿ͡ڤäΤˡѸؤؤԡǤ



ĤѸءѸˤ˴ؿääֱѸʣȤϲ䡩פǤäȤϤޤꡤƱ -s Ĥʤư3ñä˰ܤꡤ3ñǤ -s ΤĤʤꥹ뤾Ȥ˵ڤӤޤˡ٤ϥꥫˤޤӲФǸˤϹͱѸꡤȤ櫓 Ebonics ãޤ10ʬ֤αѸؤΤڤǤС
ȴϢܥ֥εʲ˾Ҳ𤷤Ƥޤ礷ɤߤɤ

#946. ̾ʣˤγס ([2011-11-29-1])
#2112. ʤ3ñ -s ĤΤ ([2015-02-07-1])
#2310. 3ñΥ ([2015-08-24-1])
#2566. 3ñ -s Ȥϲס ([2016-05-06-1])
#4255. ʤ̾ʣư3ñƱ s ʤΤǤ ([2020-12-20-1])
#591. ꥫѸ줬ͤǤͳ ([2010-12-09-1])
#3653. Ebonics ([2019-04-28-1])
#2672. ꥹѸȯˡꥫѸʸˡ˼ҲŪʲ֤ͤ ([2016-08-20-1])

Referrer (Inside): [2022-08-09-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2022-02-28 Mon

#4690. ͤȤΤʤäֱѸؤȤϲ [sobokunagimon][youtube][terminology][linguistics][philology][inoueippei]

ε#4689. YouTube ְʼδѸظإͥߤޤ ([2022-02-27-1]) ǡʼȶƱ YouTube ͥߤݤ򥢥ʥ󥹤ޤֱѸءפäƤʤˡ--ऺֱѸפֳءפ֤櫓ǤϤޤ󡪡Ǥϡ̤ȤǡֱѸءפΤΤäƤߤޤ



ȤμϻˤȤäƤϤ԰ǤμǤơäȹͤƤޤޤϡֱѸˡפǤ̣ǡֱѸءפ1ʬǤޤǤֱѸءפιֵôƤаޤޤγˤϡֱѸؤȤϲפͤƤƤʤäȤȤ˵ŤޤȤäƤޤܵ䤦Ȥ򤷤Ƥʤä褦Ǥ
üŪˤСֱѸȤоݤȤؤǤפȤȤǤˤϻαѸˤѸʸؤޤޤޤѸΥ᤯Ρֵϡפ˴ŤسؽȤϰ褷ѸΤΤޤޤֵҡפΤѸؤǤȡĤޤꡤȤ櫓ѸȤ̸򥿡åȤ˹ʤäƸ椹ؤѸؤǤȤǧǤ
ǧϡüŪˤäơֱѸؤȤϱήθؤǤפȤȤǤåȤȤ⥢ץؤѸȤ櫓Ǥ㤨СܸоݤȤƤƤѸؤΩĤȤΩǤΤˡѸؤΥץѤʤºݤΤȤܸ򸦵椷ƤȤϡܤδϢزǤʸʤرǤ⤷Фи뤳ȤǤδѤ餤СήΡֱѸءפβ⤦ʤޤ
ɤֱѸءפˤ⤤ȤꤽȤȤˡʤ鵤ŤޤǤϡѸؼŵʤɤǤϡֱѸءפϤɤΤ褦ƤΤȲƤߤȡʤȺܤäƤʤΤǤƺܤʤȤʤΤǤ礦¤ϼǤϤʤȤΤλȯǤ
ǤϱѸؤζʽǤϤɤȡޤ긵ˤäоȡѸؤδá٤򳫤Ƥߤޤ֤ޤפ p. ii ˼Τ褦ˤޤ

ߤʤϡֱѸءפʹȡޤٶƤֱѸפȲ㤦ΤȻפȤǤ礦ֱѸءפȤΤϡѸȤդɤΤ褦ʻȤߤˤʤäƤ뤫ͤؤΰΰǤĤޤꡤѸβñ졤ʸäʤɤɤΤ褦ʻȤߤˤʤäƤꡤˤɤΤ褦ʵ§Ǥ뤫餫ˤ褦Ȥ븦ʬǤ


ϡΤȤ䤬򤷤ƤֱѸءפ˶ᤤȻפޤѸλˤȤäƤϡǤϤäʪ­ʤȤƤޤ
ѸؤäƲʤΤǤ礦͡ªϽͽʤΤȻפޤλ¤ϰճȤӤäǤιͤϤϤǤ礦
ʤֱѸˡפ餱餺񤷤ǤȤꤢ#225. ֱѸ˸פȤϡ ([2009-12-08-1]) դ

졦⸫ ˡ ס 򹯡 ס ʡ¼ ҡˡоȡѸؤδá١ǡ2013ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-03-04-1]

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2022-02-27 Sun

#4689. YouTube ǡְʼδѸظإͥפߤޤ [youtube][notice][linguistics][philology][inoueippei]

ɸ̤ʼȶƱ YouTube ˤְʼδѸظإͥߤޤ
ưֱѸءפäƤʤˡ--ऺֱѸפֳءפ֤櫓ǤϤޤ󡪡ΤʤǤ⿨ƤޤֱѸءؤäƲʤΡפȤդ꤫Ϥơ줾ʬʰϼҲءǧθءĤϱѸˡˤδ顤Ѹ̤˴ؤ͡ŪˤϤƤޤϼʾҲŪʷϵǤϤɤɤǻʤäƤȻפޤһİƤߤƤͥϿɤ



ԤǤʼҲ𤷤Ȼפޤʸʸ칶ζǡҲءǧθءʤɤʬȤƤޤʢƱνȤƤäˤʤäƤޤˡNPOˡϵ夳Ȥ¼ʪĹǤ⤢ޤ2018--19ǯ٤ˤϡNHKƥӡ֤ƤʤδñѸפιֻդ̳ޤ¿ޤȤ櫓ǯȤʤäΤرѸλ׹ˡäʸˡʸå١˼Ҥ޿ӡ2021ǯˤǤܤӤ¾ξܺ٤ϡʼΥڡ͵ Twitter Ǥ
ˤϡǤ˻ Voicy ΡֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸Ǥ⡤2٤̡ۤб餷ƤƤޤʤλͤΤ٤ˤ٤ơä¿İƤ褦ǤǤ͡

֡رѸλ׹ˡ١ʤ޿ˤԡʼȤ̡2021ǯ917
̡ʼȡֱѸ쿷֡פ2021ǯ1022

ߤ YouTube ͥμݤϡ2ͤαѸظԤˤ븪Τʤˤ٤ꡤȤäȤǤ⹻ˤƤλİԤǰƬˡֱѸءؤäƲפȤȤϤޤѸ̤˴ؿΤˤİƤ館褦Ƥ򿥤ǤȻפäƤޤ
ƱǤ٤ꤷƤ⡤ۤʤʬȤ2ͤäС㤦ոФΤʤȤȤ꤫Ȼפޤ⤽ڤǤȤޤ
ܥ֥Voicy ΡֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸ȹ碌ơְʼδѸظإͥꤤޤ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2020-06-02 Tue

#4054. Ϳڤڤ hew, hay, hoe? [etymology][youtube][germanic][indo-european][cognate]

ε#4053. ʴɡǮϤʤΤ hay fever ([2020-06-01-1]) hay fever ε夲ޤʤʴɤˡǮפطΤ̤ΤޤޤǤĴ٤餷ʪޤɸ3ΤߤȤʸ츻ŪǤ
hay ʴˤϸűѸˤ hēġ, hīeġ ȤƸŤǡڤ줿줿פ̣ޤ֡ࡦʤɤǡڤפȤư hēawan ȤƤꡤ줬Ѹ hew ʤڤ롤ڤݤˤϢʤäƤޤڤƻȤƤ hoe ֺꡤĤϤפϡűѸˤޤ󤬡Źϥɥĸ줫ʩä houe Ѹ˼Ѥ줿ΤǡϤꥲޥĸθ캬̤ޤޥĸưȤ *χawwan ƷƤޤޥ캬餵̤Сĸθ캬 *kau- (to hew, strike) ˤɤ夭ޤ嵭3첻ѰۡѲƤޤ1ĤȤȤˤʤޤ
to hew hay ʴ򴢤ˤȤɽ⤢Τǡto hew hay with a hoe Ȥɽ̴ǤϤޤ󡥤ȤʤСפФˤʤΤ֤̾ʤǤ绰ϺͿ˹碌ơ֤Ҥ塼ؤۥפȲΤäƤߤޤ礦
ˤƤ⡤츻ŪˤޤǤλǤ͡

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2020-04-14 Tue

#4005. 饤Ρ֤ޤˤͥ --- Ѹˤδñؤ [hel_education][youtube][link][etymology][masanyan]

ʲҤαƶǡ¿ؤμȤδĴϥ饤ȡʱּȡˤȤʤ븫ߤǤν°ؤ㳰ǤϤʤǯ٤λαѸˤ¾ιֵ⥪饤Ȥʤޤˤ狼˥饤Ȥ赤ŤƤεˡñѸˤ츻δؤ٤֤ޤˤͥ YouTube ưҲ𤷤Ȼפޤܥ֥μݤȤפؽưǤ
⹻򥿡åȤˤ츻ñؤֳڤϢưǡñ⹽¤ˤ褯Ƥޤ夫ϡֻդαѸˤؤǮۤäƤޤ⹻γ⡤Ǥʤ⡤򤭤ä˱Ѹˤ츻˴ؿäƤ館ФȻפޤ
ưκԤˡΥ꡼ָ츻dzؤֱñô뤳Ȥˤʤäаޤ򤦤ȤǤޤ

YouTube ͽ֤ӡϹαѸֻդŴ YouTube dzŤ줿Ѹֻեǥ˱礷˿ʽСͥƨΤΡưƤɾƤ󤳤Υ꡼ôƤ餦ӤȤʤޤޤưΥᥤ󥿡åȤؼܻؤƱñФ褦ȤƤ⹻ǤƱ˱Ѹ칥ͤˤڤǤ館ưˤʤ褦˰ռƺޤ


ǿƤѸֻեǥη辡ͻҤǤơָ츻dzؤֱñפΥ꡼ΤΤ7Ϣ³ǺɤƲưؤΥ󥯤ϰʲ̤Ǥ

1ֱѸλϤޤ
2֥ˡ§ǷҤñ
3ָűѸͳƬ/ưθˡ
4Ʊ츻ΰճñ
5֥󥰤νȸťΥɸ
6֥󥰤ʸˡͿƶ
ǽ֤ʤѸˤ줬¿Τ

ԤοĿФϡʸظʱʸ칶β˺ҤѸˤ칶ƤޤĤޤȤȤʤΤǤɤ

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2011-07-27 Wed

#821. "The History of English in Ten Minutes" by The Open University [link][youtube]

־ "The History of English in Ten Minutes - for iPod/iPhone by The Open University" ʤ롤Ѹˤ򥤥饹ȤǼû˳⤹ưȯ1ʬۤɤûư褬10ܤꡤYouTubeǤİǤ롥ʲϤ줾ؤΥ󥯡

Anglo-Saxon - The History of English (1/10)
The Norman Conquest - The History of English (2/10)
Shakespeare - The History of English (3/10)
The King James Bible - The History of English (4/10)
The English of Science - The History of English (5/10)
English and Empire - The History of English (6/10)
The Age of the Dictionary - The History of English (7/10)
American English - The History of English (8/10)
Internet English - The History of English (9/10)
Global English - The History of English (10/10)

Ѹˤ˴ؤİж¿ʤMacNeil-Lehrer Productions BBC ƥӥ꡼ The Story of English (1986) VHS 䡤ITV Υƥӥ꡼ The Adventure of English (2003) VHS/DVD 䡤The Teaching Company The Great Courses ꡼1 The History of the English Language, 2nd Edition, Parts 1 to 3 (by Seth Lerer) ιֵ DVD ɽƤ뤬ʳˤϤޤ긫ʤ̤ˤΤǤлİжϿ¤ʤΤˤȤʤ˳ΤǤ롥"The History of English in Ten Minutes" by The Open University ϤʬǤΰĤι׸Ȥ
ܥ֥ǤϤʤʤưѰդ뤳ȤϤǤʤǤɽʤɤΥ奢󶡤褦ȿƤ롥ξɽˤȤŪɽǤ륦־ΥåȤ褫

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2011-05-12 Thu

#745. 뺧 wedlock [etymology][folk_etymology][royal_wedding][suffix][thesaurus][youtube][book_of_common_prayer]

William & Catherine royal wedding Ρַ뺧 (marriage vows) ˤĤơtranscript BBC: Royal wedding: Transcript of marriage service ˷ǺܤƤܵ˺Ʒǡˡξ̤ϡ Youtube ưɤ
뺧ޤཡŪθϡŤɽ˭٤˻ĤƤ뤳Ȥ¿ѹ񶵲 marriage vows ϡ1549ǯ˽Ǥ줿 The Book of Common Prayer ȤʤäƤꡤʹߡʲѤϤäΤΡۤܤΤޤޤηǸߤˤޤäƤ롥äơ⸽ѸѸθƤȤۤŬڤǤꡤɽƤ롥θƱ͡˱ѸˤϤäƤĤζ
ơѹ񶵲Ĺ the Archbishop of Canterbury Ѥɽ1Ĥˡַ뺧ʤƤ֡ˡפɽ魯 wedlockholy wedlock ȻȤƤ褦ˡŪǧ줿طؤȤ¿ߤ¤ꡤlock ־פȷӤĤΤǤϤʤȹͤΤ̤Ϻؤ "till death us do part" äƤ褦ˡؤΰΤ褦˸ǤӤĤȤްդʤХޥåԤ¿ַ뺧ξפȤϡΤ䤳¤ΤȤ"Wedlock is a padlock." ʤ̤Ǥ롥еˤϡȿȼԤϥƥ solutus 줿ĤʤƤʤפɽ줿褯Ǥ롥
wedlock 嵭Τ褦ˡַ뺧ȤפȲ᤹츻ϸ̯ɨ򤿤Ԥ⾯ʤʤȻפ뤬Ϥ褯Ǥָ̱츻 ( folk etymology ) Ǥ롥츻ؤ˽СԤϾ롥wedlock ϸűѸȤƤǡ wedlāc Ȥ֤ä-lāc ư̾ǡwed פȹ碌ơϡι԰١פۤɤΰ̣äַ뺧פθѸˤϡַ뺧ʤƤ֡ˡפɽ魯褦ˤʤäΤǤ롥 -lāc ϡűѸǤ¾ˤʲΤ褦˸줿ˤޤǻĤäΤ wedlock ΤߤǤ롥

brȳdlāc "nuptials", beadolāc "warfare", feohtlāc "warfare", heaðolāc "warfare", hǣmedlāc "carnal intercourse", wiflāc "carnal intercourse", rēaflāc "robbery", wītelāc "punishment", wrōhtlāc "calumny"


wedlock marriage 줬¿Visuwords marriage wedlock δطޤ򸫤ȡ뺧ƼҲŪ١ҲŪʹ«ϤΤι԰١פǤ뤳Ȥ´뤳ȤǤ롥λвġȤƤϡ[2010-08-11-1]εtoilet ˭٤նɽ WordNet Visuwords ǤߤפǾҲ𤷤 Visual Thesaurus ⻲ͤޤǤˡ

Archbishop to Prince William: William Arthur Philip Louis, wilt thou have this woman to thy wedded wife, to live together according to God's law in the holy estate of matrimony?

Wilt thou love her, comfort her, honour and keep her, in sickness and in health; and, forsaking all other, keep thee only unto her, so long as ye both shall live?

He answers: I will.

Archbishop to Catherine: Catherine Elizabeth, wilt thou have this man to thy wedded husband, to live together according to God's law in the holy estate of matrimony? Wilt thou love him, comfort him, honour and keep him, in sickness and in health; and, forsaking all other, keep thee only unto him, so long as ye both shall live?

She answers: I will.

The Archbishop continues: Who giveth this woman to be married to this man?

The Archbishop receives Catherine from her father's hand. Taking Catherine's right hand, Prince William says after the Archbishop: I, William Arthur Philip Louis, take thee, Catherine Elizabeth to my wedded wife, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse: for richer, for poorer; in sickness and in health; to love and to cherish, till death us do part, according to God's holy law; and thereto I give thee my troth.

They loose hands. Catherine, taking Prince William by his right hand, says after the Archbishop: I, Catherine Elizabeth, take thee, William Arthur Philip Louis, to my wedded husband, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse: for richer, for poorer; in sickness and in health; to love and to cherish, till death us do part, according to God's holy law; and thereto I give thee my troth.

They loose hands. The Archbishop blesses the ring: Bless, O Lord, this ring, and grant that he who gives it and she who shall wear it may remain faithful to each other, and abide in thy peace and favour, and live together in love until their lives' end. Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

Prince William takes the ring and places it upon the fourth finger of Catherine's left hand. Prince William says after the Archbishop: With this ring I thee wed; with my body I thee honour; and all my worldly goods with thee I share: in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.

The congregation remains standing as the couple kneels. The Archbishop says: Let us pray.

O Eternal God, Creator and Preserver of all mankind, giver of all spiritual grace, the author of everlasting life: send thy blessing upon these thy servants, this man and this woman, whom we bless in thy name; that, living faithfully together, they may surely perform and keep the vow and covenant betwixt them made, whereof this ring given and received is a token and pledge; and may ever remain in perfect love and peace together, and live according to thy laws; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

The Archbishop joins their right hands together and says: Those whom God hath joined together let no man put asunder.

The Archbishop addresses the congregation: Forasmuch as William and Catherine have consented together in holy wedlock, and have witnessed the same before God and this company, and thereto have given and pledged their troth either to other, and have declared the same by giving and receiving of a ring, and by joining of hands; I pronounce that they be man and wife together, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.

The Archbishop blesses the couple: God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Ghost, bless, preserve, and keep you; the Lord mercifully with his favour look upon you; and so fill you with all spiritual benediction and grace, that ye may so live together in this life, that in the world to come ye may have life everlasting. Amen.


硼 T. åץ꡼ ƻ ϻ إåץ꡼Ѹ츻ŵ١罤ۡ2009ǯ

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2009-11-23 Mon

#210. ֻȯЪΥˤ [spelling_pronunciation_gap][youtube][gh]

ѸֻȯЪΥϡѸ˾μפǤꡤܥ֥Ǥ֤ȤʤäƤʴϢ򻲾Ȣspelling_pronunciation_gapˡ
ϤЪΥˤҲ𤹤롥Gelderen (14) ǺܤƤΤǡ"unknown source" ȤƤ롥couplet ǵӱƧǤ뤬ۤܤ٤ƤȤֻۤʤäƤΤߥֻȯЪΥռ˼äȤͷӤȤƼ¤ˤ褯ǤƤ롥

I take it you already know
Of tough and bough and cough and dough?
Some may stumble but not you,
On hiccough, thorough, slough, and through?
So now you are ready perhaps
to learn of less familiar traps?
Beware of heard, a dreadful word
that looks like beard and sounds like bird,
and dead is said like bed, not bead or deed.
Watch out for meat, great, and threat that
rhyme with suite, straight, and debt.


ĹʥС󤬤褦ǡWeb õưʥץդäYouTube⤢ˡȯĤΥץȤ򻲾ȤϡPDFɤ
äȾ <ough> ȯ¿ŪǤ롥through ֻˤĤƤϡ[2009-06-20-1]¾ȡ

Gelderen, Elly van. A History of the English Language. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, 2006. 163.

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