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personal_name - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-08-28 00:27

2021-09-29 Wed

#4538. ͭ̾ϰ [onomastics][toponymy][personal_name][semantics][noun][category][linguistics][semiotics][sign]

ޤˤ⤷ǡФƤޤäȤǤܤȤˤʤ뤫⤷ʤȤʬޤ͡ˤȤäơϸͭ̾ (onomastics) ǤüŪˤп̾̾Ǥť¤ˤϤޤळȤɬʤΤɬ򤱤ƤΤǤǯ˰١ɬơޤ֤ΤǤؤ󺤤ޤäƤޤۤɡˤȤäƼϤΤǤ
ͭ̾ꡤפˡ̾פۤɡؤˤƼŪǿ򤷤Ƥʤ顤¤ܼŪϤޤ󡥸դ̾˻Ϥޤ̾˽ǽ뤫Ǥ (cf. #1184. ͭ̾첽 (1) ([2012-07-24-1])#1185. ͭ̾첽 (2) ([2012-07-25-1]) ǿ줿 "Onymic Reference Default Principle" (ORDP)ˡ
⤽ͭ̾ȤΤϡΰʤΤǤʤΤȤȤ餷ˤʤΤǺޤǤ͡ꤵǤϤޤ󤬡䤬֥ѥꡤ󡤥ޥ륻桤֥르˥פȾʥե󥹸ȯǸȤƤ⡤ե󥹸줬褯äȤȤˤʤޤ󡥤⤽̾ϥե󥹸ʤΤɤʤΤȤ꤬뤫Ǥ (cf. #2979. Chibanian ϥƥ졩 ([2017-06-23-1]
ѸˤΥϥɥ֥åˡCoates ˤͭ̾ؤ˴ؤϤޤƬΡָͭ̾ϰ̡פꤹ1ꡤǽѤޤ (312)

The status of proper names
   Names is a technical term for a subset of the nominal expressions of a language which are used for referring ('identifying or selecting in context') and, in some cases, for addressing a partner in communication. Nominal expressions are in general headed by nouns. According to one of the most ancient distinctions in linguistics, nouns may be common or proper, which has something to do with whether they denote a class or an individual (e.g. queen vs Victoria), where individual means a single-member set of any sort, not just a person. Much discussion has taken place about how this distinction should be refined to be both accurate and useful, for instance by addressing the obvious difficulty that a typical proper noun denoting persons may denote many separate individuals who bear it, and that common nouns may refer to individuals by being constructed into phrases (the queen). I will leave the concept [±proper], applied to nouns, for intuitive or educated recognition before returning to discussion of the inclusive concept of proper names directly. Proper nouns have no inherent semantic content, even when they are homonymous with lexical words (Daisy, Wells), and many, perhaps all, cultures recognise nouns whose sole function is to be proper (Sarah, Ipswich). Typically they have a unique intended referent in a context of utterance. Proper names are the class of such proper nouns included in the class of all expressions which have the properties of being devoid of sense and being used with the intention of achieving unique reference in context. Onomastics is the study of proper names, and concentrates on proper nouns; I shall confine the main subject-matter of this chapter to the institutionalised proper nouns associated with English and, in accordance with ordinary usage, I shall call them proper names or just names. Readers should note that strictly speaking these are a subset of proper names, and from time to time other members of the larger set will be discussed. There is some evidence from aphasiology and cognitive neuropsychology that institutionalised proper nouns --- especially personal names --- form a psychologically real class . . . .


Ǥ⤷ȴϡ֤⤷ޤ󡥤ҾΤɤǤߤƤ

Coates, Richard. "Names." Chapter 6 of A History of the English Language. Ed. Richard Hogg and David Denison. Cambridge: CUP, 2006. 312--51.

Referrer (Inside): [2023-12-09-1] [2022-03-22-1]

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2021-07-05 Mon

#4452. Olivia, Emma, Ava --- 򺣥ꥫǿ͵νλҤ̿̾٥3 [personal_name][onomastics][etymology]

Top 1,000 Baby Girl Names in the U.S. 2021 ˤȡޤ줿ˤĤ̾Ȥƿ͵Υ٥3ϡɸ̤ Olivia, Emma, Ava äȤ-a Ū˽̾ȴϢŤƤǼǤΤ̾ȤƤ4ȤʤʤĹ Olivia 1̤Ȥ϶ä
٥3̾ˤĤơThe Wordsworth Dictionary of First Names 국ҤѤ롥

Olivia (f)
Originally the Italian form of Olive but long considered as a name in its own right with romantic and aristocratic associations. Olivia is one of the heroines in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night and in Goldsmith's The Vicar of Wakefield (1766). Olivia Newton-John is an Australian actress-singer.
Familiar form: Livy.


Emma (f)
From Germanic meaning 'whole' or 'universal'. Popular throughout the ages from the 11th century, when Ethelred's Queen bore it, to today when it is often twinned with other names, as in: Emma Jane. Famous bearers include Nelson's mistress, Lady Emma Hamilton and the heroine of Jane Austen's novel Emma (1815).
Familiar forms: Em, Emmie.


Ava (f) [ay-va, ah-va]
In addition to being a familiar form of Gustava, this can be another form of Eva, reflecting the way Eva is pronounced in many European countries. Ava Gardner, film star in the 1940s, popularized the name, though her name tended to be pronounced to rhyme with Java.


츻ȤƤϡޤޤơƥ󡦥ꥢ졤ޥ졤إ֥饤ȥХХʤΤѸʿ̾ˤΰŪʻʪäƤ褦Ǥ⤷ߤΤΤ⡤ǤʤΤ⤢ꡤǤ¿ͤǤ롥
Ĥλˤ⡤Ҥ̾ŤˤϿƤδ˾Ƥ롥餳ɤθˤƤ̾ (personal_name)Ȥ櫓 first name Ū˴ؿ⤿ΤͤޤǤˡѸο̾ˤĤƤϰʲεʤɤƳȤʤϤǤ롥

#813. Ѹο̾ˡ ([2011-07-19-1])
#2557. ѸΥ饭͡ࡤ뤤ϥ饭饹ڥ󥰡 ([2016-04-27-1])
#4367. ֱѸο̾פεåȡ ([2021-04-11-1])

The Wordsworth Dictionary of First Names. Ware: Wordsworth Editions, 1995.

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2021-07-04 Sun

#4451. ե󥹼ѸΥԡ14 [french][loan_word][borrowing][statistics][lexicology][hybrid][personal_name][onomastics][link]

Ѹ˥ե󥹸줫μѸ줬̤ήȤϡѸˤǤϤ褯ΤƤ롥Ȥ櫓ˤơ褽1250--1400ǯλˡȤƥԡãȤ⡤Ѹ˳ǤϹҤƤܥ֥Ǥʲεʤɤǡ٤Ȥʤ夲ƤǤ롥

#117. ե󥹼Ѹǯʬۡ ([2009-08-22-1])
#1205. Ѹ˥ե󥹼Ѹ줬ȯΤϤʤ ([2012-08-14-1])
#1209. 1250ǯ򶭤Ȥե󥹼Ѹζʬ ([2012-08-18-1])
#1638. ե󥹸ȥƥ줫̸üѤΥߥ󥰤ζ ([2013-10-21-1])
#2349. Ѹ˥ե󥹼Ѹ줬ȯΤϤʤ (2) ([2015-10-02-1])
#2162. OED ˤե󥹸졦ƥ줫μѸοܡ ([2015-03-29-1])
#2357. OED ˤ롤ŵ줪ӥޥ󥹽줫μѸäס ([2015-10-10-1])
#2385. OED ˤŵ줪ӥޥ󥹽줫μѸä (2) ([2015-11-07-1])
#4138. ե󥹼ѸΤѸ˼ڤ줿Τ4䶯ǤĽ׸ ([2020-08-25-1]),

ե󥹼ѸοˤĤƤСOED ʤɤѤҴŪĴ΢Ť줿¤Ǥꡤ嵭Ρפ˰Ϥʤʤ餹٤ƽ񤭸դ˴ŤĴ̤Ǥ뤳ȤդɬפǤ롥⤷äդˤե󥹼ѸΥԡ䤷̤ȤʤСԡϤäᤫäǽ⤤Trotter (1789) Τ褦Ƥ롥

In charting the chronology of the process, we are again at the mercy of the documentary evidence. The key period of lexical transfer appears to be the 14th century; but that may be, as much as anything else, because of the explosion of available documentation in both Anglo-French and, more particularly, Middle English at that time. In other words, the real dates of the transfers may not be the dates at which they are documented. Some evidence that this is not so is available in the form of English surnames, of Anglo-French origin . . . , and indeed in the capacity of some early Middle English texts to generate hybrids from Anglo-French and Middle English (forpreiseð; propreliche; priveiliche from Ancrene Wisse . . .).


1ĤϡŪ˥ԡȤƤ14ϡޤ޽񤭸դεϿ¿Ĥ줿ǤꡤΤ˥ե󥹼ѸεϤ礭ˤʤȤȤ
⤦1Ĥϡ񤭸դ˽ФǯäơΤޤޱѸ˽Фǯ򤹤뤳ȤϤǤʤȤȤcf. #2375. Anglo-French Ȥ (2) ([2015-10-28-1])ˡ̤θǤϤʤʿ̾ˤȤƼѤ줿ե󥹸Ǥͤ碌ʤСᤤäƤڵ򤬤롥ޤѸʸڤ뺮¸ߤϡ̾Υե󥹼Ѹ줬ޤǤˤ¿ή̤ƤȤ򼨺cf. #96. Ѹȥե󥹸Ǻ褫 ( hybrid ) ([2009-08-01-1]
Ѹˤˤե󥹼ѸΥԡϡ񤭸դξڵ򤫤ŪĴ¤ˤƤϡ̤14ȤäƤ褤äդޤ᤿֤ȤƤϡᤤˤäΤȿ¬ΤǤ롥

Trotter, David. "English in Contact: Middle English Creolization." Chapter 114 of English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook. 2 vols. Ed. Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2012. 1781--93.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-06-05-1]

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2021-06-24 Thu

#4441. ֻ̾ˤߤ [spelling][personal_name][onomastics][silent_letter][three-letter_rule][orthography]

ɸΰ̣ȤϡAnn Anne Smith Smythe Kid Kidd 󤲤а̾αñֻ§˾Ȥ餻;ʬȤߤʤʸֻ̾ˤФиȤݤ̾ (personal_name) ϡοʪΥǥƥƥ¸ߴ򼨤θǤǤꡤȤ櫓ФʤֻˤơФСפȤȤäƤԻ׵ĤϤʤCarney (454) ϡˤĤƼΤ褦˹ͻƤ롥

Personal names gain advantage by having a certain written bulk since a totem impresses partly by its size. Consequently, names which are phonetically quite short are often padded out with empty letters. The name /leg/ never seems to appear as *Leg --- the usual spelling is Legge. Here we see the two most common types of padding: <C>-doubling and a superfluous <-e> in a context where neither is warranted by modern spelling conventions. Such spellings were common in both names and non-names before conventions settled down in the eighteenth century, but archaism is not the only reason for their continued use in names. Since such spellings are most frequently found in monosyllables and since the unpadded spellings are much less common, their written bulk is obviously seen as an advantage. They also reinforce the initial capital letter as a marker of names and help them to stand out from the non-names in written text. In some cases the padding may help to distance the name from an unfortunate homophone, as in Thynne.


ֻˤϡ(1) ̾ݤŤ롤(2) ä1ο̾Ω롤(3) ̾Ʊȶ̤롤ȤäǽȤȤμˡȤƤϡҲ2Ų -e ղäŦƤ롥ʲ <t> 2Ų <-e> ղäˤĤơ̵ͭɤ򼨤򤤤Ĥ󤲤Ƥߤ褦 (Carney (454--57))

Abbot(t), Arnot(t), Barnet(t), Barrat(t), Basset(t), Becket(t), Bennet(t), Calcot(t), Elliot(t), Garnet(t), Garret(t), Nesbit(t), Plunket(t), Prescot(t), Wilmot(t), Wyat(t)


Ann(e), Ask(e), Beck(e), Bewick(e), Brook(e), Cook(e), Crook(e), Cross(e), Dunn(e), Esmond(e), Fagg(e), Fisk(e), Foot(e), Glynn(e), Goff(e), Good(e), Gwynn(e), Harding(e), Hardwick(e), Holbrook(e), Hook(e), Keating(e), Lock(e), Plumb(e), Webb(e), Wolf(e), Wynn(e)


Carney (457) ϡθݤ̾ˤ¾Ρ4ʸ§ ("a minimum four-letter rule") ȽҤ٤Ƥ궽̣󤳤ϰ̸ˡˤ#2235. 3ʸ§ ([2015-06-10-1]) ⤸äΤǤ롥

Carney, Edward. A Survey of English Spelling. Abingdon: Routledge, 1994.

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2021-04-11 Sun

#4367. ֱѸο̾פεå [personal_name][onomastics][christianity][hellog_entry_set][khelf_hel_intro_2021]

Ѹο̾˴ؤơޤؿ⤿롥ѸˤμȤʤɤǼͳݡȲФȡɬʣγ̾˴ؤȥԥå֡ȶǶŪ̾Ƥ餫Ū츻ŪطʤƤΤĴ夬롤ȤȤ
ܥ֥ǤʱѸΡ˿̾ˤĤ͡ʵǽ񤤤Ƥ̤ζŪ̾˴ؤ뵭⤢С⤦Ū˿̾ؤ̾ˤδ񤤤⤢롥ʲεåȤǾƤߤ

ֱѸο̾פεå

åȤΤʤˡ#2557. ѸΥ饭͡ࡤ뤤ϥ饭饹ڥ󥰡 ([2016-04-27-1]) Ȥ뤬ȴϢơֱѸƳ2021ΰĤȤƺꥢåפ줿֥饭͡Υѥ˥ΥƥĤ⤼ɤޤ줿
̾ (anthroponymy) ̾ (toponymy) ȤȤ˸ͭ̾ (onomastics) ʬǤ롥̾ˤĤƸ椷Ȼפиͭ̾줽ΤΤħ򤹤ɬפ롥̾٤ƲƱDzۤʤΤȤפܼŪʺۤ1Ĥϡ̾ϸηϤ¦ˤ뤬ͭ̾Ϥष¦ˤʤ뤤ϳ¦ظˤȤˤȤäƤ褤ȡͭ̾ħϡηϡˤħ˾Ȥ餷ơ⤭Ħˤ٤оݤȤȤˤʤ롥Ĥޤꡤ̾ؤ˿ʬäƤϡƱ˸ηϤβ뤫褯򤷤Ƥȡʡޤ˸ؤɸˤοǤ롥
Ѹο̾Ȥơޤϡ츫ڤǤ˻פ뤫⤷ʤܳŪʬȤȤʤʤʪǤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2021-07-05-1]

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2021-03-23 Tue

#4348. ͤƤ֤Ȥ [address_term][politeness][pragmatics][historical_pragmatics][anthropology][personal_pronoun][personal_name][onomastics][t/v_distinction][taboo][title][honorific][face]

ؤǤϡֿͤƤ֡פȤ԰٤ϡءҲء̾ؤʤ͡ʴܤƤܥ֥δؿΰǤѸˤʬǤ⡤̾ (anthroponym)ƾ (address_term)2;̾ t/v_distinction ʤɡֿͤƤ֡פȤ˴ؤͻ¿ʤƤȶŪʹ԰٤Ǥ뤫顤ï⤬̣פȤäƤ褤
⤽ֿͤƤ֡פȤϤɤȤʤΤ챺 (78--79) ꡤ٤Ѥ롥

ƻˤʤ뤬ȿͤƤ֡ɤȤκŪʰ̣ǧƤʸŪ˸СͤƤ֤ȤˡȿɤȤǤꡤŪʥ֡񿨤¦̤ġΤᡤ¿θʸˤơƤ֤Ȥζػߡ뤤Ϥ˵ŪƾΤȯãܸ⤳Υ֡αƶŪƾΤϡȤС͡ʡᤷ١ˡס֤ʤʡˡסָʡʪΡɤξˡס֡¡ʡʪ̾ˡסŲʡᳬʤβˡǤ󤲤뤳ȤǤ롥夲ʬ򲼤ޤΡȿ͡ɤƤƤ֤ϡƤ֤ȤǼʬ꤬ƤޤΤ򤱤뤿ˡȤʤ٤ƤФʤ褦ˤƸƤ֡ɤȤưŤˤʤäƤֲŪƾΤǤ롥
ȤȤ˿Ƥطˤˤϡ֡ŪưŤȿžषΡȿ͡ɤ򤸤˸Ƥӡ̤Ƨ߹Ǥ椯褦ʸƾΤȤʤ롥ϡΰƧ߹Ǥʹִط»ʤʤΤ餤2ͤδ֤ˤϳ֤ƤʤȤޤߤΡŪƾΤǤ롥ͭ̾ʤȤθƤӼΤƤ䲼̾ǸƤ֤ȡˤˤƾΡ¤줿ͤΤʤΤˤƾΤŵ̾ˤƾΤ⤽ηġ


ͤƤ֤ΤϰΥ֡ (taboo) ǤȤȡϤФˤ٤֡ǤꡤΤθƾΤ¿쾯ʤ쥪ץˤƤȤȤפǤ롥ͤƤǤϤʤƤФ򤨤ʤȤ̷Τʤǡ䤿Ϥ̷ˤǾ¤ޤ褦Ȥʤ顤԰٤ԤʤäƤΤǤ롥

챺 ͡إݥ饤ȥͥ١ҡ2008ǯ

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2020-12-16 Wed

#4251. Ѹο̾ Johnson, Jackson, Dickson ʤɤ˸ -son ȤϲǤ --- hellog 饸 [hellog-radio][sobokunagimon][personal_name][patronymy][onomastics]

Ѹ (last name) ˤϡɸΤ褦 -son ΤĤΤ¿Ǥ͡ -son Ƥ⡤̾ (first name) ȤѤΤ¿Τǡ -son ˤϲꤽǤ󤹤ǤˤŤΤ褦ˡ -son ϡ©ҡפ son Ʊ츻ǤϤɤȤȤС㤨Фޤ⤿ʤʬä John ᤬ȤȼߤƿȷϤۤȻפäȤʬ©Ҥ¹©Ҥؤ˷ϤǷѤǤ٤̾Ĥˤäơʬ̾򴧤 Johnson ʤɤȤ뤳ȤϡꤽʤȤǤΤ褦̾դ (patronymy) Ȥޤ
äȤ -son ˤΤϱѸΤΤǤϤޤǤޤѸʳǤΤ衼åѼҲʤƤʳǤˤνǹԤʤƤޤǤϡİ



ΤˤĤƤϡ##1673,1937εåɤ̾ (personal_name) θؤϡθʸˤߤȤ˱ǤФޤ¤ˤ⤷Ǥ

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2020-12-14 Mon

#4249. ͭ̾ʳءˤȤħ [onomastics][toponymy][toponym][personal_name][patronymy]

ͭ̾ (onomastics) ȴϢơܥ֥Ǥ̾ (toponym) ̾ (personal_name) ͡˼夲Ƥ̸Ȱۤʤꡤͭ̾ˤͭꡤηϤˤƤ츦ˤƤ⤽ΰ֤ŤüǤ롥
ħΤĤˤĤơ#2212. ͭ̾ϥ˥եʤ˥եǤ ([2015-05-18-1]) #2397. ͭ̾ȿ̾̾ ([2015-11-19-1]) ǻŦȤ櫓פħϡͭ̾ϰ̣⤿ʤȤȤؼо (referent) ϤḤ̂Ϥ⤿ʤ˥եʤ˥եȽҤ٤ʤˤʤ鳰θƤȤħ⡤ؤǰݤդפ롥
ۤ˸ͭ̾ˤϡ̸ˤϤߤʤѲѲ򤷤ФФɤȤ롥դޤǡ̸ˤѲȤƤ뤳Ȥ¿դˤĤƤϡ#1184. ͭ̾첽 (1) ([2012-07-24-1])#1185. ͭ̾첽 (2) ([2012-07-25-1]) 򻲾Ȥ줿
ͭ̾ؤʬ狼䤹ƳƤƤΤHough Ǥ롥Ȥ櫓Υȥͭ̾ʳءˤνħߤȤ󤷤ƤƤФ餷 (213)

Onomastics is the study of names, its two main branches being toponymy (the study of place-names) and anthroponymy (the study of people's names). Traditionally regarded as a sub-class of nouns having reference but no sense, names occupy a special position within language in that they can be used without understanding of semantic content. Partly for this reason, they tend to have a high survival rate, outlasting changes and developments in the lexicon, and easily being taken over by new groups of speakers in situations of language contact. Since most names originate as descriptive phrases, they preserve evidence for early lexis, often within areas of vocabulary sparsely represented in other sources. Many place-names, and some surnames, are still associated with their place of origin, so the data also contribute to the identification of dialectal isoglosses. Moreover, since names are generally coined in speech rather than in writing, they testify to a colloquial register of language as opposed to the more formal registers characteristic of documentary records and literary texts. Much research has been directed towards establishing the etymologies of names whose origins are no longer transparent, using a standard methodology whereby a comprehensive collection of early spellings is assembled for each name in order to trace its historical development. These spellings themselves can then be used to reveal morphological and phonological changes over the course of time, often illustrating trends in non-onomastic as well as onomastic language. The relationship between the two is not always straightforward, however, since the factors pertaining to the formation and transmission of names are in some respects unique.


ͭ̾ϡ񤭸դǤϤʤäաä˸ˤǤ¿ʬ˴ޤǤȤŦϡʤۤɤȻפäؤθܿѲˤ򤯤̤ŷ¸Ƥ뤳ȤȤΤ⡤ͭ̾ΰǤϤʤʪäƤ롥ʬ˹׸뤳ȤȤҤ٤Ƥ뤬ˤĤƤϡ#3453. Υޥ󥰥ɤ̾Ϳƶ ([2018-10-10-1]) Ǽ夲Ȥʤ

Hough, Carole. "Linguistic Levels: Onomastics." Chapter 14 of English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook. 2 vols. Ed. Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2012. 212--23.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-03-22-1]

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2020-10-26 Mon

#4200. Hoosier --- ǥʽ̱Υ˥å͡ [onomastics][personal_name][ame][slang][etymology][oed][etymology][pc][coha]

ǯ٤θ⥪饤Ȥ³Ƥ뤬Υ߹ɤǹԤʤä¨Ѹ˥ƥĺΥ٥ȡcf. #4162. taboo --- ʿȯ˾ǶΥѥɡ ([2020-09-18-1])ˤ줷ڤäΤǡȰˤ⤦٤äƤߤξDZñ1ĥ˳Ƥ졤ˤĤ OED Ѥ90ʬ֤ǡֲפ񤯤Ȥԡϡɸ̤Τñ򿶤졤ִ֤ˤΤ뤤90ʬä̤򡤤˷Ǻܡ




źϰν̱˷ΡʤȤ˰ˤ򤳤᤿˥å͡դȤȤϡԤʤƤȤ櫓դ礤¿٤μԤ㲽̾դ륱¿ȤŪʥ˥奢󥹤ȼ͡ߥ󥰤äȤƤ⡤줿¦ȿȴƤȥ桼⥢Ǥ졤¾ȤѤƾΤȤ夹뤳Ȥ⾯ʤʤ
Ǥͭ̾ʤΤϥꥫͤؤ Yankee 츻Ͻ⤢뤬John 륪˻ؾդ Janke ǤϤǤϤʤȤƤ롥˥塼衼ʤĤƥ̱Ϥǡ֥˥塼ॹƥפȾΤ줿ˤΥ̱ͥåȤΥꥹ̱֥˷פȸƤޤäȤˤʤȤ
Yankee ۤͭ̾ǤʤͳϤäꤷʤ1ĤȤơƹ񥤥ǥʽν̱ˤĤ줿˥å͡ब롥ɸ Hoosier OED ˤȡHoosier, n. /huːʒiə/ ȸФΩƤƤꡤͽ̤ۤ˥ꥫѸǻѤ̾Ǥ롥2ĤߤĤ롥ĤʸȤȤ˼

1. A nickname for: a native or inhabitant of the state of Indiana.

1826 in Chicago Tribune (1949) 2 June 20/3 The Indiana hoosiers that came out last fall is settled from 2 to 4 milds of us.
1834 Knickerbocker 3 441 They smiled at my inquiry, and said it was among the 'hoosiers' of Indiana.
. . . .

2. An inexperienced, awkward, or unsophisticated person.

1846 J. Gregg Diary 22 Aug. (1941) I. 212 Old King is one of the most perfect samples of a Hoosier Texan I have met with. Fat, chubby, ignorant, and loquacious as Sancho Panza..we could believe nothing he said.
1857 E. L. Godkin in R. Ogden Life & Lett. E. L. Godkin (1907) I. 157 The mere 'cracker' or 'hoosier', as the poor [southern] whites are termed.
. . . .


1ϡ֥ǥʽν̱ס2ϡΤ餺ιȴʤļ˼ԡפۤɤǤ롥Ҥ̤ꡤΤο̤Τäϼˤ褦ʸƾΤǤ뤳ȤФ19ȾȤߤ롥
츻˴ؤƤ OED "Origin unknown" ʸ츻ԾܡˤȤꡤǰʸ¤ʤΤ櫓ˤϤʤƹΤȤǤСOED ̤˭٤ʤϤΡɴʼŵŪÿ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Ф褤®äƤߤȡᤷᡤ1Ĥ⤬Ҳ𤵤Ƥγפ⤷褦
츻ϰǤޤƤ뤬󥰥ɤΥС19ˡ֤ȤƤĤʤ礭Ρפ̣ hoozer Ȥ¸줬ʸڤ롥줬ѷƹ˻ޤ줿Τ Hoosier ǤϤʤȤԤνǯǤ1826ǯΤȤǤϤ뤬Dictionary of Americanisms ˤ "a big, burly, uncouth specimen or individual; a frontiersman, countryman, rustic"פˡļ˼ԤˡפθǸƤ뤳Ȥǧ졤OED 2ˤԤä̤롥
ºݡ19Ⱦ Hoosier ޤƹƽν̱˼Ūʥ˥å͡बĤ줿Ǥ롥ǥʽˤĤƤ⡤餯ٽν̱ʤɤ̾դδۤäƤΤܤ롼Ȥʬʤ Hoosier ļ˼Ԥˡˤä褦ƥ̱ Beetheads ʥӡƬˡХ޽̱ Lizards ʥȥˡ֥ͥ饹̱ Bugeaters Ϻˡƥߥ꽣̱ Pukes ʤؤɡˤʤɤ̾¡˰ޤ줿٤ Hoosier ϤҤɤǤϤʤ
򺣤 PC (= political correctness) λǤ롥ιǤϰǤ졤ν̱Ūʥ˥奢󥹤ӤӤ̾ǸƤִϡФˤʤĤĤ롥ϰΥݡĥΥ˥å͡ȤơΡ饤ʽ Tarheels ʥˤˤ䥪ϥ Buckeyes ʥȥΥˤʤɤ˻ĤʳˤѤʤʤäƤƤ롥
Corpus of Historical American English ˤ "[Hoosier]" ȤƸƤߤȡ1870ǯ夫1920ǯˤ⤭ߤϤĤĤŪ¿ѤƤ褦20ȾˤƤĴǤ롥

Hoosier by COHA

̱ϰ轻̱ؤŪʤ̾򤵤褦ˤʤäƤƤȤϤָˤϡפȤĤǤ롥ºݤˤϡγѤǡΤ٤Τʤǡ餫θդϻȤ³ΤǤ롥ޤûҤˤϤФ褦ˡޤ¤ϥ饦ɤˤϤФäƤΤǤ롥

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006.
Corpus of Historical American English. Available online at https://www.english-corpora.org/coha/. Accessed 20 October 2020.
The Oxford English Dictionary Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Available online at http://www.oed.com/. Accessed 20 October 2020.

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2020-01-03 Fri

#3903. ޥ̾ atheling, edelweiss, Heidi, Alice [anglo-saxon][oe][onomastics][personal_name][etymology][german][patronymy]

ε#3902. 㥢󥰥̾ Edward, Edgar, Edmond, Edwin ([2020-01-02-1]) ˰³̾ꡥʲȤ (13) ꡥ
ɸñ̾Ϥ츻ǤȤơֹ⵮ʡפ̣ WGmc *aþilja ˤΤܤ롥θűѸȿǷ æþel(e) ʹ⵮ʡˤϽפʸǤꡤ (patronymy) -ing դ æþeling ϡߤǤ atheling ʲҡ²ˤȤƻĤäƤ롥
æþel ϡ󥰥īν̾ˤ¿ǧ롥#2547. 奤󥰥ɷǯΰ ([2016-04-17-1]) ͤǤ⡤Ethelwulf, Ethelbald, Ethelbert, Ethelred, Athelstan ʤɤ̾󤬤롥εǤҤ٤褦ˡΥޥ塤̾ϿषƤǤϸƤʤ
Ȥǡɥĸǡֹ⵮ʡפб edel Ǥꡤֵ²פ Adel Ǥ롥edelweiss ʥǥ磻ˤϡֹ⵮ʤפ̣륢ץοʪƻ̾첽Ĥ֤ Adelheid ǤꡤŹϥɥĸ Adalheidis ˤΤܤ롥Ͻ̾Ȥʤꡤξά줿η Heidi Ȥʤ롥˥̾إץξϥ٤ǡΥåƥޥ䡼ϡϥΤȤά˥ǥϥɤȸƤǤ롥ʤȥꥢ South Australia ν Adelaide ϡΥɥĸ̾ե󥹸ͳDZѸ˼ޤ줿ΤǤ롥
Adalheidis ϡե󥹸˼ޤ˵ڤӡû̡ѷС⸽줿Alaliz A(a)liz Ǥ롥줬Ѹ˼Ѥ Alyse 䡤ḽ Alice Ȥʤä⤦1Ĥν̾ Alison ϡե󥹸 Alice ˻ؾդ줿ΤǤ롥
ֲҡס֥ǥ磻ס֥ϥס֥ꥹפطԤäȤΤϡʤʤ⤷

رѸθ츻ŵ١罤۽Ź1990ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-08-17-1] [2021-05-12-1]

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2020-01-02 Thu

#3902. 㥢󥰥̾ Edward, Edgar, Edmond, Edwin [anglo-saxon][oe][onomastics][personal_name][etymology][norman_conquest]

#2364. ΥޥαѸ̾Υե󥹸줫֤ ([2015-10-17-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡűѸʤ1066ǯΥΥޥλˤΤ褦˥󥰥ɤѤƤ󥰥̾¿˰쵤˿षɸ̾ϡĤä󥰥̾ɽǤʡ#2547. 奤󥰥ɷǯΰ ([2016-04-17-1]) ꥢ󥰥̾ǧ줿ˡ
ʣǤꡤ1Ǥ Ed- ߤ롥ϸűѸ̾ ēad (riches, prosperity, good, fortune, happiness) ȿǤΤǤʤǤѸˡ͵ʡפȤﵯΤ褤̣̾ˤ¿Ѥ줿Edward ēad + weard (guardian) ȤȤǡ٤ԡפǤ롥Edgar ēad + gār (spear) ȤȤǡ͵פȤäȤEdmond/Edmund ēad + mund (protection) ȤȤǡٵμפۤɤΰդȤʤʤ2Ǥ Raymond, Richmond ˤߤˡEdwine ēad + wine (friend) ȤȤǡ٤ͧפǤʤ2Ǥ Baldwin ˤߤˡ
ʤ Edith Ͻ̾Ȥʤ뤬1ǤϤϤ ēad Ǥ롥 gūþ (war) ʣʤӾѷˤͦޤ̾ȤȤˤʤ롥
Ĥ뤳Τ褦ʽ㥢󥰥̾ʻǰʤ¿ϤʤˤѤơűѸñ츻ˤĤƳؤ֤Τ⤪⤷

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2019-08-11 Sun

#3758. Ѹ̾ John (2) [onomastics][etymology][personal_name][hebrew]

[2018-09-20-1]ε˰³ʿ͵ؤѸ̾ John ˤĤơ
John ϡŪˤϺǤ͵ι⤤̾Ȼפ롥1620ǯ˿Φعҳᥤե (the Mayflower) ˤ102̾äƤꡤΤ73̾äΤ215̾ޤǤ⤬̾äƤΩˤϡ25%̾ӤӤƤȤפ餢롥Ǥ John F. Kennedy, John Lennon, John Travolta ʤɿ͵ϿꤨƤʤɽǤ뤫顤Honest John ʤޤľˡˤȤɽ⤢ۤɤ
͵طʤˤϡ츻Ǥԥϥͤˤ䤫ꤿȤפ櫓ۤˤ Jesus ʥإ֥饤Υ奢 Yeshua‘ˤ Yahweh/Jehovah ʥϥۥСˤȤϢƤȤ顤ʸ̤˿Ū̾Ǥ롥Ye- Τϥɽ魯ΤǡκŪʸ캬̵̾Ȥˤʤ (ex. Joseph, Jonathan)
Ѹ John бΤϡåȥɡ Sean, ɸ Sean/Shane, ե󥹸 Jean, ꥢ Giovanni, ڥ Juan, ɥĸ Johann, Jan, Hans, ϥ󥬥꡼ János, Ivan Ǥ롥 Joanna, Joana, Joanne, Joan, Jeanne, Jeannette, Janet ʤ͡
ʾ塤 (42--55) 򻲾ȤƼɮ

̾ʪ١̼ҡҹ̼ҳؽʸˡӡ2012ǯ

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2019-08-04 Sun

#3751. ̾̾Υȸ [onomastics][toponymy][personal_name][celtic][etymology][caedmon][hydronymy]

#1216. űѸΥȼѸ ([2012-08-25-1])#3740. Ƚ줫μѸ ([2019-07-24-1])#3749. Ƚ줫μѸ˴Ϣ츻ؤ񤷤 ([2019-08-02-1])#3750. Ƚ줫μѸ (2) ([2019-08-03-1]) ʤɤDZѸˤŪʥȼѸ˾ƤƤ̾̾ʤɤθͭ̾ˤ륱ȸǤˤĤƤ⡤Durkin (81--82) ˤäƾƤߤ褦
ޤ̾ˤĤơűѸͭ̾ Cædmon ̾˵󤬤ʡ#2898. Caedmon's Hymn ([2017-04-03-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ³ơȥ󲦹ν䵮²̾ Ċerdiċ, Ċeawlin, Ċeadda, Ċeadwalla, Ċedd, Cumbra Ĥ롥ǰʤ顤ΰ̣ˤĤƤ⤬ʤ
̾ˤĤƤϿ̾˭٤ʾڵ򤬤ꡤȸǤƱꤷ䤹ȤäϴñǤϤʤ褦Ūʬۤϡ#2443. 󥰥ɤˤ륱ȸ̾ʬۡ ([2016-01-04-1]) Ǥߤ褦ФäƤ롥Thames, Severn, Trent ʤɤβ̾ϡ˥ȸǤȤƱꤷ䤹Τ¿ (see #1188. 󥰥ɤβ̾ Thames, Humber, Stour ([2012-07-28-1]))
Kent ȸǤݤäƤΤϡΰ֡ʥ֥ƥˤͤȤۤ˻פ뤬ϥ󥰥ͤΥ֥ƥΤƤ̾äChevening, Chattenden, Chatham, Dover, Reculver, Richborough, Sarr, Thanet ʤɤ⥱ȸʤ뤤ȸǤݻƤ롥
¾δϢȤơ#1736. ꥹ̾ͳ ([2014-01-27-1]) ȡ#3113. 󥰥ͤ˥󥰥ɤ᤯Τ ([2017-11-04-1]) ⻲ȡ

Durkin, Philip. Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English. Oxford: OUP, 2014.

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2019-06-05 Wed

#3691. ޻Ǥܿ̾̾ν [romaji][syntax][onomastics][personal_name][japanese]

̾ϡδפѸ򽬤Ϥ᤿Ȥ޻񤭤Ǥ Ryuichi Hotta Ƚ³ƤѸζʽǤܿ̾ϤΤ褦ʽäѸǤϡ̾פȤ§ȤʤСä˵ȤʤäǯˤʤäƤ褯ͤƤߤȡ̾ϡδġפǤϤʤޤǡδפǤ롥޻ǽ񤯤ˤ衤¤ӽޤ᤿ Hotta Ryuichi ȤΤ̾ʤΤǤϤʤȤΤȤ˵Ť̾ˤ̾˥å͡ʤɤ̾äƤ褤Ǥ̾νؤꥢȤäƤ褤̾ȤʤСϤ Hotta Ryuichi ʤΤʤȡǤϻפäƤ롥
轵ʸģܿ̾Υ޻ɽ̾νǽ񤯤褦ˤȴģƻؤʤɤΤФȤʹ򤤤Ĥɤ¤ϡĤƤ褦ʤ줬Ф줿Ȥä2000ǯʸʡ쿳IJ񤬡θ¿ռƤ٤ȤˤΤȤˡ̾Υ޻ɽ˾ޤΤǤ롥2000ǯ˼줿夷ʤäκǶκdzϡϺλüȯ褦νʿ (Xi Jinping) ڹʸ (Moon Jae-in) ʤɤϱѸǤ̾ɽƤΤˡܿͤƼ˹碌ƤΤ̯ǤϤʤȤ櫓꼫Ȥϡ̾ɤʤɤǤϻ̤̾ˤƤ뤬ͤǴĥäƤƤ̵̣ȤơƤʤ뤳ȤˤȤ
ܿ̾Υ޻ɽ̾δԤϡͽ̤ꡤβΰĤä餷¿ƾ (1854) Ǥ̾ǥ󤵤ƤȴҶ밸ƤαѸμ Tomomi Iwakura ǧʤɡ̾⸽褦ˤʤäǤ1870ǯޤǤϤޤ̾¿ä褦ǡ̾ƤΤϡ³80ǯ塤90ǯˤʤäƤȤ
ǯưȤƤϡ2001ǯٰرѸ춵ʽǤ̾ǼʾҲ𤹤褦ʱʸ̤ä2002ǯٰʸ2000ǯ̾ȤʤäƤȤޤΤˤäƤⴷԤϰۤʤ褦ȤܥåǤ2012ǯ̾ˤ뤳Ȥȯɽ쥸åȥɤʤɤǤ̾ޤŪǤ롥ŷȥ西ư֤Τ褦ʹݴȤ̾Ȥ
2000ǯǤ夷ʤäʸģκĩոΤʤߤˡ伫ȤǤ뤳Ȥ򼨤ʸ񤭤 HOTTA Ryuichi ʤɤȤ뤳Ȥ¿ľʤȤ򤤤ػ˺ޤ줿æĤĤ Ryuichi Hotta Ƚ񤤤Ƥ뤳Ȥ⤷ФФǤ롥
⤽ѸܸȤǤʤ̾νۤʤΤȤϡ̣Ȥ롥ˤĤƤϡ#2366. ʤѸ̾νϡ̾פʤΤ ([2015-10-19-1]) ɤ

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2019-03-29 Fri

#3623. إ֥饤줫μѸ [bible][hebrew][loan_word][borrowing][onomastics][personal_name]

إ֥饤 (hebrew) ϡ鷺Ȥ줿θǤꡤ䡦ꥹȶαƶˤ¿θ˱ƶͿƤѸ㳰ǤϤʤűѸѸޤǡƥ䥮ꥷ޲𤵤ǡ˸ŪʱƶäƤ켣 (119--20) ˽äơĤμѸ򼨤

amen: ֥סʵνθաˡ֤Ǥޤ褦ˡ (So be it!) ΰա
cabal: ֱġ̩ҡס
cherub [ʧérəb]: ֥ӥࡤ2ŷȡ
hallelujah: ֥ϥסʿ붫ӡˡּۤ᤿ (Praised be God!) ΰա
hosanna: ֥ۥʡסʿޤϥꥹȤ붫ӡˡֵߤ뤨 (Save, we pray) ΰա
jubilee: ֥٥ǯǰססʥ䶵50ǯȤ˹Ԥ©ǯˡ
leviathan: ֥סʵʳβʪˡ
manna: ֥ޥʡסʥ⡼ (Moses) Ψ줿饨ͤץæФ˺ݤƹǵȤäޤ줿ʪˡ
rabbi: ֥ӡסʥ䶵ԡΧˡؼˡ
sabbath: ְ©ס
satan: ֥󡤡ʥꥹȶǤ˰ס
schwa: ֥ʥȤΤʤˤޤ첻
seraph: ֥ԥࡤŷȡס
shibboleth: ֡ʤ볬顦ΤˡͭθաδʤɡϡסŨФ륨ե饤 (Ephraimites) [ʃ] ȯǤʤȤ顤쥢ǿ (Geleadites) Ũʬ뤿ˤθѤʵ Judges 12: 4--6 ˡ

ۤС (96) 䤨Сbar mitzvah ʥХ롦ߥĥС13Ф˻ҤνΰͼϡˡJehovah ʥϥˡRosh Hashana ʥοǯסˡsapphire ʥե, babel ʥХ٥ˡbehemoth ʥӥҥ⥹εáϡˡcider ʥ󥴼ˡjasper ˶̡ˡshekel ʥߡˡkosher ʡʿʪΧˡˤʤäˡkibbutz ʥ֥ġΥ饨νϡˤʤɤ롥
̾¿ȤդäƤȤơ#3408. Elizabeth οΰ̾ ([2018-08-26-1]) ȡ#3433. Ѹ̾ John ([2018-09-20-1]) 򻲾ȡ

켣 رѸˡ١ҡ2000ǯ
 礦ҡرѸ˳١dzƼҡ2007ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-05-25-1]

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2018-10-18 Thu

#3461. ٴ bobby [prime_minister][etymology][personal_name][eponym][slang][history]

ε#3460. ֥ Earl Grey ([2018-10-17-1]) ǡꥹͳ褹ʤȤ˹̾ˤĤƿ줿Ʊꥹͳ褹롤⤦1ĤɽҲ𤷤褦ꥹǷٴΤȤ¯ bobby ȸƤ֤ϼԷٻ˿Ϥꡦ̳äǤ Sir Robert Peel (1788--1850) ΰΡBobby ͳ褹Ȥ롥

Sir Robert Peel

Peel ϡ19ȾȾˤ錄äƥꥹ򸣰νäǤ롥ζӤȤƤϡMetropolitan Police Act 1828ǯ̲ᤵ1829ǯԷٻ֤Ȥ󤲤롥θ塤bobby ٴΰդ¯ȤʤäƤäĺˡΤˤϤ狼ʤOED ν1844ǯΤΤǤ롥

1844 Sessions' Paper June 341 I heard her say..'a bobby'..it was a signal to let them know a policeman was coming.


Էٻ֤Ʊ1829ǯˤϡ֥ȥå̲ˡơפΩƤꡤӿȯƤ롥Peel άǤϤʤȤפ˹ͤʤǤϡ夲 Earl Grey ƱäˡPeel ϤȤϼ絮²κ֤ǤäֹʪˡפڤȤǤ1845ǯΥɤΥ㥬⵲򵡤ˡʪˡѻߤƧڤǤ򲼤ơǯѻߤ¸19פ򼡡뤲ä
ʤƱ¯ΡַٴפȤƼ¤ peeler Ȥñ⤢ΤդäƤ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-04-03-1]

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2018-10-17 Wed

#3460. ֥ Earl Grey [prime_minister][etymology][personal_name][eponym][history]

̤ˤ Earl Grey ȤСι֥ɤ۵뤫⤷ʤTwinings ˤƱ̾ʤ뤬ȤȤ Jackson's Ǥ롥ΰ٥륬å (bergamot) ǹŤ򤷤ʤΤ̣Τ롥̾ͳϡФ 2nd Earl Grey Charles Grey (1764--1845) 񤫤鵢ǤȤ˻äΥ֥ˡˤȤ뤬οΤۤɤ꤫ǤϤʤ Earl Grey's mixture ȤƸϡGrey ˴ʤäƤǯФä1884ǯΤȤʤΤOED ˤݡ Early Grey: The results of the OED Appeal on Earl Grey tea Ǥϡι֥ɤ̾ͳˤĤͤùҤΤɬɡ

Earl Grey

Earl Grey ϡ1830--34ǯ˼̳᤿ۥåȤǤ롥Eton Cambridge ǶŵŪʵ²ǡ22ФΤȤ˹İȤʤꡤ㤤Ȥ⤭̾ήƤGrey George IV ޥ饤Υ蘆褦Ȳݤ˲ޤ򤫤Ф³Ȥ顤θⲦ˷³ꤷ⼫ͳȡĬήˤäơŪˤĹ餯뤳ȤˤʤäGeorge IV 1830ǯ˴ʤȡGrey εˬ줿¨̤ William IV Grey θŤοͧäۥåᤷȤʤä Grey Ǥ1830--34ǯˤϡäˡ¸٤ʤ1831ǯGrey 󼨤ˡƤϵ²ݷ褵Ƥޤä̱˽ưȯ1832ǯƤˡƤIJˤ졤;ޤФʤ̤Ȥ̲ᤷˤ the First Reform Bill Ǥ롥ˤäǯ10ݥɰʾβȲŹޡ̳ʤɤͭԤڲȿͤˤ󸢤Ϳ뤳ȤˤʤꡤͭԤοϥꥹΤ50ͤ81ͤˤޤä˥åȥɤǤ4500ͤ55000ͤؤȵȤ
19罰̱ΩԤȹ˭ʥߥ륯ƥȤδ֤ˡºݤΤȤɤΤ褦ʴطΤ¤ΤꤿȤǤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2023-04-03-1] [2018-10-18-1]

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2018-08-26 Sun

#3408. Elizabeth οΰ̾ [onomastics][personal_name][shortening][abbreviation][hebrew][hypocorism]

ɸ Elizabeth ϡѹˤκǤ2ͤνɽŵŪʱѸν̾Ǥ롥˸뤿ؤŤ̾Ǥꡤ츻褯ʬäƤʤ褦إ֥饤ǡֿסֿϴʤפɽ魯 Elisheba ͳ褹ΤǤϤʤȸ롥
ѹǤ16Ⱦ Elizabeth I μȤʤꡤ3֡Ѹ̾ȤƤʿ͵ؤä20ˤʤȡElizabeth II μˤ⤫餺˸Ťᤫ̾ɾ褦ˤʤä餫ĤƤΤ褦ʿ͵Ƥʤ褦
ˤ⸽Ť̾ˡѹΤߤʤ餺衼åѽƱ̾Ӥ̾̾ȤƹѤƤ뤬餬ƱѸ̾ȤƱѸҲäƤȡElizabeth եߥ꡼ȸƤ֤٤ΰ̾Ԥʤ뤳ȤˤʤäޤĤѸǾάη (hypocorism)ȯãƤΤǡѸǤ¿¿ͤ Elizabeth ή̤Ƥ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥ʲˡCrystal (148) ˵äơɽŪʤΤ󤲤褦

Short forms: Bess, Bet, Beth, Eliza, Elsa, Liza, Lisbet, Lisbeth, Liz, Liza
Pet forms (hypocorism): Bessie, Bessy, Betsy, Bette, Betty, Elsie, Libby, Lilibet, Lizzie, Lizzy, Tetty
Regional forms: Elspet, Elspeth, Elspie (Scottish)
Foreign forms: Elizabeth (common European spelling); Babette, Elise, Lise, Lisette (French); Elsa, Else, Ilse, Liesel (German); Bettina, Elizabetta (Italian); Isabel, Isabella, Isbel, Isobel, Izzie, Sabella (Spanish/Portuguese); Elilís (Irish Gaelic); Ealasaid (Scottish Gaelic); Bethan (Welsh)

Ūˤϡΰ̾γơФֻ͡櫓ǤꡤȤ櫓ɸŪֻڤ18ˤϡĿ̾ΡֻؤΤϵäΤǡֻ¿#1720. Shakespeare ֤ ([2014-01-11-1]) ǼȤǤ롥Elizabeth ʤ¾¿̾ˤˤĤơŪˤɤ¿Υꥨ󤬤äȤƣסֺƣסƣסƣפǤϤʤ

Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.

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2018-08-25 Sat

#3407. ̾ˤʤȤ [onomastics][personal_name]

̾Ū˰̾ (anthroponomastics) ˤĤƤϡ#1673. ̾¿ȿ̾ء ([2013-11-25-1]) ϤȤơpersonal_name γƵǴϢ夲Ƥ
Ѹο̾ϡĿ̾ȤƤ first name (forename, Christian name, or given name) Ȳ²̾ȤƤ last name (family name or surname) ̤ۤФ middle name դä롥
ܸο̾δФ򤷤ˤȤơŵŪ last name ǤΤ first name ȤƤѤȤȤ롥㤨СܸǤϡڡפ־ӡפȤŵŪ̾ȤѤ뤳ȤϤǤʤѸǤϷ褷ƾʤʤåץ꡼ (740) ˤСƤҶ̾žѤ륱¿Ȥ

Ǥʲ²̾ˤĿ̾Ȥʤ뤳Ȥ¿äƤĹˤͿȤˤΤǤ롥ξ硤Ƥեȥ͡ȤͿ⤢Сߥɥ͡ȤͿ졤˥եȥ͡Ȥ鷺ˡĿ̾Ȥ⤢롥㤨 Mary Addison Ȥ̾ν Henry Jones Ȥȷ뺧硤©Ҥ Addison Jones ̾Ť뤳Ȥ롥Ŀ̾ȤʤäȤơꥫͥСǥ ([Oliver] Bergess Meredith, 1907--97)Dzĥʥʥ꡼󥽥 (Nunnally [Hunter] Johnson, 1897--1977)ͥӥ󥽥󡦥ե ([John] Robinson Jeffers, 1887--1962)ѹηȥСʡɡ硼 ([George] Bernard Shaw, 1856--1950) ʤɤ롥ѹȥ㡼 (Winston [Leonard Spencer] Churchill, 1874--1965) ȥꥫξ Winston Churchill (1871--1947) ƱƤϤʤʤ


ۤˡŪ̾ˤ̾ˤѤȤȤϡ19ˤ̤ä褦Crystal (150) ˤСBaron, Beverley, Fletcher, Maxwell ϤᡤäˤȤ̾ȤѤƤ Clifford "ford near a slope", Douglas "dark water", Shirley "bright clearing" ʤɤ̾ȤƺѤ뤳ȤϴŪäȤ

硼 T. åץ꡼ ƻ ϻ إåץ꡼Ѹ츻ŵ١罤ۡ2009ǯ
Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.

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2017-11-17 Fri

#3126. ̾෿ [word_order][syntax][typology][onomastics][personal_name][patronymy][indo-european]

#3124. ܸ෿ (1) ([2017-11-15-1]) ȡ#3125. ܸ෿ (2) ([2017-11-16-1]) Ǹ෿Ҳ𤷤꡼¾ (23) Ͽ̾ˤ̾θˤĤƤ෿δް (typological implication) ȻŦƤ롥
SOV δܸ򼨤ܸīǤϡְܿס֥ࡦ󥦥פʤɡ鷺Ȥ줿̾פο̾Ȥʤ롥񤭤ˤĤƤʿŪǤꡤְܼפΤ褦ˡܸ񤭡פȤʤ롥Τ褦ˡ෿δްդǧ뤳ȤǤ
(patronymy) ˤƤ⡤ηߤȤåȥɸ졤ɸ졤إ֥饤ʤɤ VSO ܸȤ뤬ΤˤƤϡֻҶ¹פɽ魯ʰʲֻǼˤ̾ΤΤԤ롥줾 MacAlister, O'Hara, Ben-Gurion ǡǤ롥
Ǥ SOV θ줬äƤ뤬ǤΤϵդθȤʤ롥˥ Khachaturian 䥰른 Basilashvili ǡǤ롥
¤ϡ¿Τ˴ؤƥθƱ򼨤 Gruberovàɸ Sigurðsdottirǥ AnderssonƱѸ Browning ʤɤȤʤ롥ΤȤϡĸδܸ礬Ĥ SOV ǤäȤ򼨺ƤΤ⤷ʤ
෿ϤޤǷȤ館ΤǤꡤɬ򶯤ĥΤǤϤʤ̾η¾θηشط򼨤ΤǤС̾츻ʤɤˤ⿷ʸƤ뤳Ȥˤʤ
Ϣơ#2366. ʤѸ̾νϡ̾פʤΤ ([2015-10-19-1]) ⻲ȡ

Сʡɡ꡼ƥ󡦥ޥ塼ޥꥢݥ󥹥 ԡ ˼ ؿʸ޴ա١νӡ2005ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2017-11-18-1]

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