[2009-06-27-1]Ǽꤢž ( metathesis ) ɽΰĤ third 롥űѸ֤ þridda 顤ޤѸб three ֤꤫ʬȤꡤ <ir> ǤϤʤ <ri> ȤäȤ˲ΰ֤žɸ֤夤
ǤϡĤβžäΤ[2009-06-21-1]ǾҲ𤷤 LAEME LALME ȤѸ֤Ū˽ѤѤΤΤȤϤ狼롥ϡѸ ( Early Middle English ) ϰϤȤ LAEME Ĵ٤Ƥߤ
LAEME 饤ѤǤΤǡºݤ˰ʲμƤ餤TAG DICTIONARY -> Numbers ȤɤäƱ¦Υ֥饦˸ĹꥹȤΰ֤꽸Ǥ롥ɤ¿ɬפ뤬"3/qo" 3νפĤޤ third б륿ʤΤǡɤ˸С13ԤۤɤҥåȤ롥֤ȡʲ̤ꡥ
dridde, Dridðe, thred, thrid, thridde, thride, thrid/de, trhed, tridde, tridde, þerdde, þr/idde, þred, þredde, þri/de, þrid, þrid/de, þrid/den, þridda, þriddan, Þridde, þridde, þridden, þride, þridðe, þrid/de, þrirde, þri[d]/de, ðridde, Ðridde, ðride, yridde, yridden
ʾ夫顤žäƤΤ þerdde 餤ǡޤޤѸʳǤ <ri> ŪȤȤ狼롥
椬ȤˤǶβžΥҥåȺϡεΤŻסʢ֥ĥΥȥסˤǤ롥ؤƤޤäƤϡñ˲žȸƤ٤ΤɤǤ롥
Laing, Margaret and Roger Lass, eds. A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, 1150--1325. http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/ihd/laeme1/laeme1.html . Online. Edinburgh: U of Edinburgh, 2007.
McIntosh, Angus, Michael Louis Samuels, Michael Benskin, eds. A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP, 1986.
κǽȻˡäμˤȻפҲ𤷤ơΤȤ˻Ѥ饤ɤܥ֥˷ǺܤƤۤ˾äΤǡFlash Why Capital "I" ?פܤƤߤΥDZǤʤ뤤 PDF ǸȤϡ.
ϡܤΤdzǧȤΤά
Ѹ֤ȯΥåפ礭ǤäԻĤ˻פΤ one ȯ롥̤ϡɤҤä֤äƤ⤳֤ [wʌn] Ȥɤʤϡθ֤˾夢ޤѤäƤʤäΤФơȯϷ㤷ѲƤǤ롥ʲ϶ʽŪ
űѸб ān äθϤְĤΡפΰդǡ one ȯŸƱˡan a Ȥ괧ؤʬäơ one 괧 an, a ȤϡޤäƱ츻Ǥꡤñ˶ȼδط˲ʤ[2009-06-22-1]
ơűѸ ān [ɑ:n] ȤȯäοȤƤϼΤ褦ʲѲФޤĹ첻첻[ɔ:n] Ȥʤä줫顤첻ȼδݤղä졤[wɔ:n] ȤʤäĹ첻û첻 [wɔn] Ȥʤꡤû첻첻 [wʌn] Ȥʤä¤ĹƻΤǤ롥
ޤǷ㤷ѲФ餤顤ʳǤ֤⤽줳ɴǡoon, won, en ʤ͡äǽŪɸŪ֤Ȥ夤ΤŪŤ one ä櫓Ǥ롥
֤ȯˤĤơone ʿԤ̤θȤ once [2009-07-18-1]ʳ one ޤʣǤϡ嵭㳰Ū˷㤷ѲȤϰۤʤ롤äȴˤ䤫ǵ§ŪʲѲŬѤ줿űѸ [ɑ:n] ϵ§ŪʲѲˤȸѸǤ [oʊn] ȤʤϤ alone ( all + one ) only ( one + -ly ) ȯdzǧǤ롥
[2009-07-04-1]εǡѸνˤ first second ¾٤ưۼǤ뤳Ȥˤܿٿɽˤ褦ʤȤѻ롥§Ȥܿٿɽ ten times Τ褦ˡ times פȤɽ뤬once twice 㳰Ǥ롥
once twice 줾 one two θ촴Ѱ۷ -ce ղä줿ΤȤȤϽ鸫Ǥ狼Ȼפ -ce ȤϤä
-ce ϡѸ̾νͭʤ 's ƱεʤűѸ̾ñ°ʸ -es ˤΤܤ롥ŪˤϡűѸΡ°ʡפѸΡֽͭʡפˤĤʤΤűѸѸ°ʤñʤͭطؼˤȤɤޤ餺깭ǽ̤ȤǤ°ʤεǽΰĤˡ̾žŪ° ( adverbial genitive ) Ȥˡꡤonce twice ϤζǤʾܤ Mustanoja ȡˡ one's two's ȸäƤΤȤŤϤ줬ȤѤ졤줬ߤޤDzŪĤäƤȤΤǤ롥OED ˤȡonce twice Ȥ줿ΤϡűѸ줫ѸˤƤλǤ롥
ѸˤŪ°ϷߤǤꡤʤɤɽ̾°ʤ¿Ѥ줿ȤСalways, sometimes, nowadays, besides, else, needs θ -s(e) ϸŤ°ʸͳ褹ΤǤꡤʣ -s Ȥϸ츻Ū˴طʤtowards, southwards, upwards ʤɤ -wards ĸ⡤°ʸ̾ĤȤɤƤ롥
ޤI go shopping Sundays Τ褦ʸˤ Sundays ϡߤǤʣȲᤵΤ̤ȤƤñ°ʤȹͤ٤Ǥ롥°ɽϤΤֻ of Ѥɽ֤줿ȤͤСof a Sunday ʤɤˡפȤѸɽ Sundays ܼŪƱȤ̣뤳Ȥ狼롥
ǸˡűѸ -es once twice ˤơʤ <ce> ֤褦ˤʤäѸޤǤ ones tweies ʤɤ֤ƤѸꡤͭ /z/ ǤϤʤ̵ /s/ Ǥ뤳Ȥ뤿ˡե֤νڤ <ce> ȤƱ褦ʷаޤ <ce> ֤褦ˤʤäˡhence, pence, fence, ice, mice ʤɤ롥
Mustanoja, T. F. A Middle English Syntax. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 1960. 88--92.
ֿپɡפȤµ롥ܸȤΤäƤͤϾʤѸǤϤäͭ̾Ǥ롥ͭ̾ȤΤϤµΤǤϤʤɽñ줬Ǥ롥ѸǺǤĹñȸƤ롥
pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis
¤45ʸʤꡤΤޤޤǤϲʬʤʬƤߤȼΤ褦ˤʤ롥
pneumono ٤Ρ
ultra Ķ
microscopic ٤ʡ
silico ֥ǤΡΡ
volcano ֲлΡ
coniosis ֿ¡
ĶʷβлФ٤ˤĤޤµפȹͤФ褵Ǥ롥coniosis Ǥֿ¡פؤΤǡޤǼ̵Τ褦ΤĹŪȤŪȤ⤤롤ѸȤƤ˶ʸǤ롥˺٤ʬСΤ褦ˤʤ롥츻ϸ奮ꥷ줫ƥΤ줫̤롥
pneumono ٤Ρ (Greek)
ultra Ķ (Latin)
micro (Greek)
scop ֻ (Greek)
ic ?Ρ (Greek)
silico ֥ǤΡΡ (Latin)
volcano ֲлʳˤΡ (Latin)
coni ֿС (Greek)
osis ־ɾ (Greek)
ǰΤᡤȯƤ
[nju:ˌmɑnoʊʌltrəmaɪkrəˈskɑpɪkˌsɪlkoʊvɑlkeɪnoʊkoʊnɪˈoʊsɪs]
ñȤƤϡʲ4ǶޤȸäƤ⤷ʤ
45ʸ
19
42ǡĹ첻첻1ǤȤƿ
9ǡʤäȺʬǽ
ѸˤδϡñνФĤ˴ؿ롥OED ˤȡФ1936ǯȤʤäƤʤ֤꤬㴳ۤʤˡOED ϰʲ̤ꡥ
a factitious word alleged to mean 'lung disease caused by the inhalation of very fine silica dust' but occurring chiefly as an instance of a very long word
ñϲͭ̾ñʤΤǡGooglepneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosisȤä뤫⤷ʤ
Ǹ˵
(1) ʣϡϤ -osis -oses ˤΤ¿ʬ
(2) 1936ǯˤϱѸǺǤĹñϲäΤʤǤ
[2009-06-20-1]ε through ֤꤬ѸǤ515̤ꤢäȤҲ𤷤ǽ˺줿Τɤ餳Τ褦ʾ뤫ȤȤǤ롥ޤðǰѸΥƥȤߤĤ֤ɤǡİ through Ȥܤ֤äȼȤ櫓ǤϤʤޤŻҥѥȤƥȤǽˤʤäƤȤƤ⡤lemmatiseʸФ첽ˤƤʤС⤽⸡ˤɤ֤ϤФΤǤ롥
ˡΰĤȤ Oxford English Dictionary ( OED ) Ѥ롥εˤαѱѼϡűѸ줫鸽ѸޤǤγñΰ֤¿ǺܤƤ롥ΤŪ˻ȤˡOED through Ƥߤȡΰ֤ꤷʤ
⤦ĤˡϡA Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English ( LALME ) ѤǤ롥ϡФ줿ܸΰ֤꤬֥ƥϿޤξ˥ץåȤƤϿޡפǤ롥ϸѸ˸¤ƤΤΡ֤긦ˤȤäƤϵˤΥġǤ롥 through ΰ֤ LALME ǤǤˤޤȤƤꥹȤǤǤ롥LALME νѸλԤȤ LAEME ʤΤ⤢ꡤϥ饤ѲǽʤΤǡһ줿URLˡ
ơ515̤įƤܤƤ뤬ǻǤи֥٥10ʥ10Ȥ⤤ˤͤùߤʤƤߤ褦
1. yhurght ʢۤ yoghurt
2. trghug ʢۤȯԲǽ
3. thrwght ʢ첻ʤΰ
4. thwrw ʢ첻ʤ
5. thrvoo ʢväơ
6. throw ʢ㤦ñˤʤäƤ
7. threw ʢβޤǤ
8. yora ʢɤƤʤΡ
9. ȝour ʢʤ
10. through ʢȤ뤸ʤ
McIntosh, Angus, Michael Louis Samuels, Michael Benskin, eds. A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP, 1986.
Laing, Margaret and Roger Lass, eds. A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, 1150--1325. http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/ihd/laeme1/laeme1.html . Online. Edinburgh: U of Edinburgh, 2007.
ѸγؽԤѸǽ줿ƥȤɤ⤦ȤȤ˶äΤϡڥ¿ͤǤ롥㤨СѸˤ through ȤñϤʤ515̤ΰۤʤ륹ڥ
doruȝ-, dorw, dorwe, dorwgh, dourȝh, drowgȝ, durghe, durwe, -thogh, thorch, thorew, thorewe, thorffe, thorg, Thorgh, thorgh, -thorgh, thorgh, thorghe, thorght, thorghw, thorghwe, thorgth, thorh, thoro, thorogh, thoroghe, thoroght, -thoroght, thorohe, thoroo, thorou, Thorough, thorough, thorough-, thoroughe, thorought, Thorouh, thorouȝ, thorouȝh, Thorow, thorow, thorow-, Thorowe, thorowe, thorowg, thorowgh, thorowghe, thorowght, thorowh, thorowth, thorowut, thorowȝ, thorowȝt, thorrou, thorrow, thorth, thorthe, thoru, thoru-, thorue, thorugh, -thorugh, thorughe, thorught, -thorught, Thoruh, thoruh, thoruh-, thorur, thoruth, Thoruȝ, thoruȝ, thoruȝh, thorv, Thorw, thorw, -thorw, thorw, Thorwe, thorwe, thorwgh, thorwh, thorwȝ, -thorwȝ, thorwȝ, thorwȝe, Thorȝ, thorȝ, Thorȝe, thorȝe, thorȝh, thorȝoh, thorȝt, thorȝw, thorȝwe, thour, thour, thoure, thourgh, -thourgh, thourghe, thourght-, thourh, thourhe, thourow, thourr, thourth, thourw, thourw, thourwg, thourȝ, thourȝ, thourȝe, thow, thowe, thowffe, thowr, thowrgh, thowrow, thowur, thrawth, threw, thro, thro-, -thro, throch, throcht, throgh, throghe, throghet, throght, throght, throghte, throighe, throu, throuche, throue, throug, through, through-, throughe, throught, throuh, throuȝ, throuȝe, throuȝht, throve, throw, throw-, throw, throwe, throwe, throwe, throwg, throwgh, throwght, throwh, throwr, throwth, throwȝ, throwȝe, throȝ, -throȝe, throȝe, throȝgh, throȝghe, throȝh, throȝhe, throȝt, thruch, thrue-, thrug-, Thrugh, thrugh, thrughe, thrught, thrughte, thruh, thruth, thruȝ, thruȝe, thruȝhe, thrvoo, thrw, thrwe, thrwgh, thrwght, thrygh, thuht, thur, thurch, thurew, thurg, thurge, thurge-, thurgeh, Thurgh, thurgh, thurgh-, -thurgh, thurgh, thurghe, thurght, thurghte, thurgth, thurgwe, Thurh, thurh, thurhe, thurhge, thurhgh, thuro, thurow, thurowe, thurth, thurthe, thuru, thurv, thurw, -thurw, thurwe, Thurȝ, thurȝ, thurȝe, Thurȝh, thurȝh, Thurȝhg, thurȝt, thurȝth, thwrgh, thwrw, torgh, torghe, torw, -torwe, trghug, trogh, troght, trough, trow, trowe, trowffe, trowgh, trowght, trugh, trughe, trught, twrw, yerowe, yhorh, yhoru, yhrow, yhurgh, yhurght, yora, yorch, yorgh, yorghe, yorh, yoro, yorou, yoroue, yorough, yorour, yorow, yorow-, yorowe, yorowe, yoru, yorugh, yoruh, yoruȝ, yorw, yorwe, yorȝ, your, yourch, yourgh, yourghe, yourh, yourw-, yourȝ, yowr, yowrw, yoȝou, yrogh, yrou-, yrow, yrugh, yruȝ, yurch, yurg-, yurgh, yurghe, yurght, yurh, yurhg, yurht, yurowe, yurth, yurthe, yuru, yurw, yurwh, yurȝ, yurȝe, ðoru, þarȝ, þerew, þerew, þerow, þerue-, þhorow, þhurȝ, þor, þorch, þore, þoreu, þorew, þorewe, þorewȝ, þoreȝ, þorg, -þorgh, þorgh, þorghe, þorght, þorghȝ, þorguh, þorgȝ, þorh, þoro, þorogh, þoroghe, þorou, þorou, þoroue, þorough, þorought, þorouh, þorour, -þorouȝ, þorouȝ, þorouȝe, þorouȝh, þorouȝt, þorow, -þorow, þorow, þorow, þorowe, þorowgh, þorowghe, þorowh, þorowth, þorowþ, þorouwȝ, þoroȝ, þorrow, þorrughe, þorth, þoru, -þoru, þorue, þorug, þorugh, þorught, þorugȝ, þoruh, þoruhg, þoruth, þoruþ, þoruȝ, -þoruȝ, þoruȝe, þoruȝh, þoruȝt, þorv, þorw, þorw-, -þorw, þorwe, þorwgh, þorwgȝ, þorwh, -þorwh, þorwhe, þorwth, þorwtȝ, þorwȝ, þorwȝe, þorþ, þorȝ, þorȝe, þorȝh, þorȝhȝ, þorȝt, þough, þour, þour, þour, þourg, þourgh, þourght, þourgȝ, þourh, þourh, þourow, þourt, þourth, þouruȝ, þourw, þourw-, -þourw, þourwe, þourþ, þourȝ, t-þourȝ, þourȝ, þourȝe, þourȝh, þourȝt, þourȝw, þouȝ, þouȝt, þowr, þowre, þro, þrogh, þroghe, þrorow, þrorowe, þroth, þrou, þrough, þrought, þroughte-, þrouh, þrouhe, þrouht, þrouȝ, þrouȝe, þrouȝh, þrouȝt, þrouȝte, þrouȝth, þrow, þrow, þrowe, þrowgh, þrowghe, þrowh, -þrowþ, þrowȝ, þrowȝe, þroȝ, þroȝe, þroȝgh, þroȝh, þroȝt, þroȝth, þrugh, -þruh, þruȝ, þruȝe, þur, þurch, þureh, þureȝ, þurf, þurg, þurgh, -þurgh, þurghe, þurght, þurghȝ, þurgȝh, þurh, þurh, þurhg, þurht, þuro, þurow, þurru, þurth, þurthe, þuru, þuruch, þurugh, þurughe, þurut, þuruȝ, þurw, þurw-, þurwe, þurwȝ, þurwȝ, þurþ, þurȝ, þurȝe, þurȝg, þurȝh, þurȝhg, þurȝt, þurȝth, þwrgh, ȝorgh, ȝoru, ȝoruȝ, ȝoruȝt, ȝorw, ȝour, ȝowr, ȝurch
ԴѤǤ롥ʤʾˤʤäƤΤ
ǤСɸॹڥȤΤʤäȤȤǤ롥ϵϤȤʤ뼭ʤСڥޥΤ褦ʿʪ⤤ʤ̻ ( scribe ) ȸƤФγơ褽ʬȯ¨֤ƤΤǤ롥㤨СνпȤμ̻Ǥϡޤǰ㤦櫓ǤꡤȯۤʤäǡƱñǤ⤫ʤۤʤä֤Ѥ줿ϤǤ롥ˤϡƱ̻Ǥ⡤Ĥñ줬Ը˰ۤʤ륹ڥǽȤȤȤǤϤʤڥޤäƤ븽Ѹ줫鸫ȡǤ롥
ѸΥڥ褽ߤΤ褦ʷ夤ΤϡѸʹߤǤ롥ŪäȸǤޤäƤäѸλǰǤְ㤨ХĤȤȤ桹Τ褦˼Ƥ뤬μ̻θѸ춵θʤȤ
ѸΤۤ;͵ͷӤ褦ˤפ뤬515̤ϹԤ⤽ <trghug> ʤƤɤȯ줿Τ
ʰʲ嵭2025/01/15(Wed)
hellog #5738. 516ܤ through Ĥޤ ([2025-01-11-1]) heldio #1326. through ֻ516̤ܤȯ ǾҲ𤷤Ȥꡤפ֤˿ʰ֤Фޤ
űѸϡ§Ȥƥ̤˲ɤФ褤Ѹ¸ߤʤʸ䲻¸ߤΤդפ롥ʲˡ
(1) űѸΥե٥å
ʸ: a, b, c, d, e, f, ȝ, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, x, y, z, þ, ð, ƿ, æ
ʸ: A, B, C, D, E, F, Ȝ, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, X, Y, Z, Þ, Ð, Ƿ, Æ
(2) դפʸȯ
ʲ֤<>ǡȯ//ǰϤࡥ
<c>
첻³Ȥ/tʃ/: bēce "beech", cild "child"
<ic>ȤʤȤ/tʃ/: dic "ditch", ic "I"
ʳϡ/k/: æcer "acre", weorc "work"
<f, s, þ, ð>
ͭ˶ޤȤ/v, z, ð/: hūsian "to house", ofer "over", sūþerne "southern"
ʳϡ/f, s, ð/: hūs "house", of "of", þanc "thank"
<g>
첻ˤȤ/j/: dæg "day", geong "young"
<l, r>³Ȥ/j/: byrgan "bury", fylgan "follow"
첻˶ޤȤ/ɣ/: āgan "own", fugol "fowl"
ʳϡ/g/: glæd "glad", gōs "goose"
<h>
Ƭǡ/h/: hand "hand", hlāf "loaf"
첻ˤȤ/ç/; cniht "knight", riht "right"
첻³Ȥ/x/: nāht "naught", seah "saw"
<y>
/y/: lȳtel "little", yfle "evilly"
<sc>
¿ϡ/ʃ/: asce "ashes", scild "shield"
¾ϡ/ks/: āscaþ "(he) asks", tusc "tusk"
<cg>
/dʒ/: bricg "bridge", secgan "say"
ѹΥѥ֤ɤɤ٤ƤȤʹɤѡ˽Фʰ¤Υӡ롤кԶ륳Ǥ餷1ʿ6郎٤ƤȤε˾ܤѥ֤ʤǤϲᤴʤäαػפФȡΤ椷֤òʤ
ѥ֤ "public house" άǤꡤѹŪʼΤȤǤ롥ʪˤޤƤѥ֤¿㤨СɥǺǸŤΥѥ֤ȤΤƤΤ1528ǯ϶Ȥ "Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese" Ǥ롥
ϡ˸ǽñǤ롥ŹδĤβŤѥ֡뤤ϸŤäƤѥ֤ˤϡ Ye ǻϤޤΤ¿ȯ/ji:/Ȥɤޤ뤬¤Ϥ괧 the ΰ۷Ǥ롥ˤŪطʤ롥
űѸˤϡѸˤʤե٥åʸĤ¸ߤΤΰĤˡ<þ> "thorn" ȤʸäϡѸǤ<th>Ȥʸ /θ/ /ð/ ɽ<þ> ϸűѸʹߤȤϤե줫ä<th>˽˼äƤääơѸ the ФƤϡȤ <the> ŷȤ <þe> ʻ¸뤳ȤȤʤä
![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| thorn | thorn | y |
Powered by WinChalow1.0rc4 based on chalow