hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     ڡ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ڡ / page 10 (22)

spelling - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-08-28 00:27

2019-04-05 Fri

#3630. ʤ who ϤֻǤȯʤΤ [spelling][pronunciation][spelling_pronunciation_gap][interrogative_pronoun][sobokunagimon][sound_change][digraph]

ɸ who ʤȤ֤Ȥ٤ whom, whose, etc.ˤϤޤܶñǤˡѸؽԤϳֻǤȯ (= /huː/) Ǥ뤳Ȥ򤽤Τޤ޴ݰŵƤꡤä˵ʤˤʤ褯ͤƤߤȡֻȯδطԵ§ޤʤñǤ롥ֻǤС /woʊ/ ȯϤ
ޤҲߤƤߤ褦<wh> ֤ä /h/ ȯΤϡ¾ wh ٤Ф狼̤ꡤǤ롥what, which, when, where, why Ϥ /w/ ǻϤޤäƤʤɸѼǤ̵ /ʍ/ ⤢롨cf. #1795. Ĥ wh ȯ ([2014-03-27-1])ˡˤ /h/ ǻϤޤñϡ§Ū <h> ֤ how ΤߤǤhow ΤʤǤ⤳Τ褦˰ѤäƤ뤳ȤˤĤƤϡ#51. 5W1Hפʤ̡6Hס ([2009-06-18-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
첻ߤƤߤ褦Ҳ <o> ñ줬硤go, ho, Jo, lo, no, so ʤɤˤߤ褦ˡ첻 /oʊ/ Ǥ롥who Τ褦 /uː/ ȤʤΤϡdo, to ʤɤ뤬Ū˾ɤäơwho hoo ȤǤ֤٤ñǤꡤֻϻҲˤƤ첻ˤƤԵ§Ȥ虜ʤ
츫ǼΤʤֻȯδطˤϡŪʷаޤ롥űѸǤñ hwa ֤ /hwɑː/ ȯ줿򤫤ơΤ褦ʰϢ첻Ѳ

/hwɑː/ /hwɔː/ /hwoː/ /hwuː/ /huː/


Ĥޤꡤ첻ιä夬ФΤʤؤϤФȰươĤ˹첻幽ãƤޤäΤǤ롥ǽʳ /w/ ξüϡҲȸ塦߿첻˶ޤ줿Ķ15--16˵§ŪѲǡtwo, sword ʤɤȯƤ롥Ĥޤ who two βѲʿŪȤäƤ褤ʤʤΤǼε⻲ͤˤ줿#184. two /w/ ȯʤΤϤʤ ([2009-10-28-1])#1324. two /w/ Ϥ ([2012-12-11-1])#3410. Ѹˤֹٹס ([2018-08-28-1])
ֻˤĤƤϡλҲϸűѸǤ2Ż (digraph) <hw> ǽ񤫤줿ѸǤϵž2Ż <wh> ǽ񤫤褦ˤʤä첻˴ؤƤϡޤǤ첻Ѳɤ뤫Τ褦 <a> <o> ؤѲɤäϤǥȥåפ<u> <oo> ֻؤ夹뤳ȤϤĤʤäΤǤ롥ơwho = /huː/ ʤطɸಽƤޤäȤ櫓
ˤäƤϡwho Τ褦ܶñǤФۤԵ§褯ѻΤǤ롥Ϣơ#1024. ѸֻԵ§줳 ([2012-02-15-1]) ñꥹȤ⻲ȡ
ʤ<wh> = /h/ Ȥ㳰ŪʻҲʻˤбϡwho Τۤ whole, whore ˤߤ롥ˤĤƤϡ#1783. whole <w> ([2014-03-15-1]) 򻲾ȡ

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2019-03-14 Thu

#3608. Ѹˤ <u> <o> ˤ (4) [spelling][orthography][minim][vowel][spelling_pronunciation_gap][eme][me_dialect][lexical_diffusion]

ε ([2019-03-13-1]) ˰³ƤꡥѸˤ <u> <o> ʬۤ111ΥƥȤˤĴ Wełna (317) ϡȤưʲΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

. . . the examination of the above corpus data has shown a lack of any consistent universal rule replacing <u> with <o> in the graphically obscure contexts of the postvocalic graphemes <m, n>. Even words with identical roots, like the forms of the lemmas SUN (OE sunne), SUMMER (OE sumor) and SON (OE sunu), SOME (OE sum) which showed a similar distribution of <u/o> spellings in most Middle English dialects, eventually (and unpredictably) have retained either the original spelling <u> (sun) or the modified spelling <o> (son). In brief, each word under discussion modified its spelling at a different time and in different regions in a development which closely resembles the circumstances of lexical diffusion.


Τ褦˱ʪޤä褦ʷʤΤWełna ϻδ鼡ηŦƤ롥

. . . o-spellings first emerged in the latter half of the 12th century in the (South-)West (honi "honey" . . .). Later, a tendency to use the new spelling <o> is best documented in London and in the North.


Wełna ܿͤҤ٤Ƥ褦ˡĴоݤȤޤ HUNDRED, HUNGER, HONEY, NUN, SOME, SUMMER, SUN, SON 8ĤˤŪʷФΤ񤷤Τ⤷ʤʤ븦椬ɬפΤ褦

Wełna, Jerzy. "<U> or <O>: A Dilemma of the Middle English Scribal Practice." Contact, Variation, and Change in the History of English. Ed. Simone E. Pfenninger, Olga Timofeeva, Anne-Christine Gardner, Alpo Honkapohja, Marianne Hundt and Daniel Schreier. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins, 2014. 305--23.

Referrer (Inside): [2020-08-21-1]

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2019-03-13 Wed

#3607. Ѹˤ <u> <o> ˤ (3) [spelling][orthography][minim][vowel][spelling_pronunciation_gap][eme][scribe][anglo-norman]

ɸ˴Ϣϡ#2450. Ѹˤ <u> <o> ˤѡ ([2016-01-11-1])#2453. Ѹˤ <u> <o> ˤ (2) ([2016-01-14-1])#3513. come some ֻ ([2018-12-09-1])#3574. <o> ɽ蘆첻 --- donkey vs monkey ([2019-02-08-1]) Ǽ夲Ƥϡ<u> <o> ˤѡפȤֻѸʬۤ礵Ƥäаޤ˾Ƥ Wełna ʸ˰͵򤷤ĤġԸθҲ𤷤
Ѹ monk, son, tongue ʤɤˤߤ <o> ֻϡŪˤ <u> äΤѸʹߤ <o> ֤ʤ줿ΤǤ롥֤ʤͳϡ˥󥯤ĥäǤ⿨Ƥ褦ˡ̤ "minim avoidance" Ȥ롥[2016-01-11-1]εǽҤ٤褦ˡ첻ɽ <u> ϥåΤǤϽ (minim) 2ܤ¤٤ <<ıı>> Τ褦˽񤫤줿Ʊ鹽 <m>, <n>, <u>, <v>, <w> ʤɤʸ¤־ˤϡʸɤζ̤񤷤ʤ롥Ѥ路򤱤뤿ˡѸμ̻첻ɽ <u> <o> ִפȤȤ
Ѹ˸ˤƤϡ"minim avoidance" ʳβƤƤ碌4Ĥۤɤβ Wełna (306--07) ꡤñ˾Ҳ𤷤褦

(1) Υե󥹸䥢󥰥ΥޥǤߤ줿 <u> <o> ֻ (ex. baron ? barun) Ѹˤ⤿餵줿
(2) "minim avoidance"
(3) ΥޥΥե󥹸 [o] [u] ؤȾ夲ФѲֻˤȿǤ줿
(4) ե󥹸ֻˤʤä /y(ː)/ <u> б̡/u/ бֻɬפȤʤä

Τ褦˽⤢ʤ (2) ͭϤȤʤäƤ櫓ºݤˤֻܤĴ٤Ƥ (2) βǤ٤Ƥλ㤬줤櫓ǤϤʤϤʤ꺮٤ȤƤ褦ΤʤǤѸξ˴ؤŪǤ¤ Morsbach ˴ŤƤޤȤСΤ褦ˤʤ (Wełna 306)

a. the 12th century English manuscripts employ the spelling <u>;
b. the first o-spellings emerge in the latter half of the 12th century;
c. <o> for <u> is still rare in the early 13th century and is absent in Ormulum, Katherine, Vices and Virtues, Proclamation, and several other texts;
d. from the latter half of the 13th century onwards the frequency of <o> grows, which results in both old <u> and new <o> spellings randomly used in texts composed even by the same scribe.


Ρ֥פʬۤѸˤޤDZ䡹³ƤȤˤʤ롥ꤴ襤Ǥ롥

Wełna, Jerzy. "<U> or <O>: A Dilemma of the Middle English Scribal Practice." Contact, Variation, and Change in the History of English. Ed. Simone E. Pfenninger, Olga Timofeeva, Anne-Christine Gardner, Alpo Honkapohja, Marianne Hundt and Daniel Schreier. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins, 2014. 305--23.
Morsbach, Lorenz. Mittelenglische Grammatik. Halle: Max Niemayer, 1896.

Referrer (Inside): [2020-08-21-1] [2019-03-14-1]

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2019-02-22 Fri

#3588. -o ǽ̾ʣ --- pianos potatoes [plural][spelling][corpus]

-o ǽû̾줫鵬§Ūʣˡֻ -s Τߤդ pianos פȡ-es Ȥ potatoes פ̤롥
LGSWE (285) ϡLGSWE Corpus ˤäξפʬۤĴξδ֤ɤ򼨤Τ⤢Τǡ80%ʾΨˤơ줫Υפ˳꿶äꥹȤǤ롥ӡŰʸˡ٤ä * դˤޤĤġʲ󤷤褦

pianos : *autos, avocados, casinos, commandos, concertos, discos, *dynamos, embryos, Eskimos, *ghettos, jumbos, kilos, memos, pesos, photos, pianos, portfolios, radios, scenarios, shampoos, solos, stereos, studios, taboos, tacos, tattoos, *torsos, trios, twos, videos, weirdos, zeros, zoos

potatoes : buffaloes, cargoes, echoes, heroes, mangoes, mosquitoes, mottoes, negroes, potatoes, tomatoes, tornadoes, torpedoes, vetoes, volcanoes

򤤤С-s Τߤդ pianos פ§Ǥ롥äˡάͳ褹 -o ǶοȤƲää -o -s ʣΤǥեȤǤ롥ޤ첻 oפȤʤˤ⡤ֻԹȻפ뤬-s ΤߤդΤ§Ǥ (e.g. bamboos, cameos, cuckoos, curios, folios, radios, studios, trios)
potatoes פϤɤ餫ȤС㳰פ¦ˤʤ櫓ΥפˤϱѸ첽ٹ礤Ū줬ޤޤΤդפ롥
ޤ-s -es δ֤ɤ򼨤̾⾯ʤʤŰʸˡ٤ǤϡȤ banjo(e)s, buffalo(e)s, cargo(e)s, fresco(e)s, ghetto(e)s, grotto(e)s, halo(e)s, mango(e)s, manifesto(e)s, mosquito(e)s, motto(e)s, tornado(e)s, volcano(e)s, zero(e)s 󤲤Ƥ롥˵󤲤ꥹȤȽʣñ⤢뤳Ȥ顤-o ʣäȺ٤ĴСºݤˤϤ˹Ϥɤ줬ѻΤ⤷ʤ
ʤȴϢơñ potato ֤ potatoe ȸäƳФƤꥫ Dan Quayle Υ롤̾Ρpotato פˤĤơHorobin (2--3) 뤤Ϥ (16--17) 򻲾ȡ1ʸΥڥ󥰡ߥʤǤϤʤˤǡ̿Ǥ뤳Ȥ⤢Ȥä٤Ǥ롥pianos potatoes ȤϷ褷ʤ

Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad, and Edward Finegan. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson Education, 1999.
ʴ ۡʲˡ, ܳ, ⾾ʶˡŰʸˡ١ʸҡ2000ǯ
Horobin, Simon. Does Spelling Matter? Oxford: OUP, 2013.
󡦥ۥӥˡ δˡإڥ󥰤αѸˡ١˼2017ǯ

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2019-01-29 Tue

#3564. 17ؼԤˤֻɸಽؤι׸ [orthography][orthoepy][spelling][standardisation][emode]

Brengelman ϡ17˳ΩѸֻɸಽϡȼԤμˤΤȤؼԤʤȥܤԤˤθӤǤȹͤƤ롥ϡ#1384. ֻɸಽ˹׸Τ17ؼԤȶա ([2013-02-09-1]) ǾҲ𤷤ȤǤ롥ֻɸಽϡ17ȾФ򼨤Ĥ٤äݤBrengelman (334) Ѥ褦

Above all, it is significant that the English spelling system that emerged from the seventeenth century is not a collection of random choices from the ungoverned mass of alternatives that were available at the beginning of the century but rather a highly ordered system taking into account phonology, morphology, and etymology and providing rules for spelling the new words that were flooding the English lexicon. / Printed texts from the period demonstrate clearly that, during the middle half of the seventeenth century, English spelling evolved from near anarchy to almost complete predictability.


ǤϡؼԤ϶Ūˤɤˡβ⤿餷ΤΩä5Brengelman (347) ꤢ褦

1. The rationalization of the use of final e.
2. The rationalization of the use of consonant doubling, including the use of tch and ch, dg and g, ck and k.
3. The rationalization of the use of i and j, v and u.
4. Resolution of the worst problems relating to the use of i, y, and ie.
5. The almost total regularization of morphemes borrowed from Latin, including those borrowed by way of French.


βϡġñ٥ǤߤзʤΤˤʤŪˤֻθɤ򤰤ȸŪˤƤ줿
ֻɸಽ˴ؤ Brengelman νפͤˤĤƤϡ#1383. ƥñѸ첽ֵ§ ([2013-02-08-1])#1385. Caxton ֻɸಽ˹׸ʤäȹͤ뺬 ([2013-02-10-1])#1385. Caxton ֻɸಽ˹׸ʤäȹͤ뺬 ([2013-02-10-1])#1387. 츻ŪֻκѤ17 ([2013-02-12-1])#2377. ԤĹ첻ɽ魯 <e>  (1) ([2015-10-30-1]) ǤڤƤΤǤΤ׻ȡ

Brengelman, F. H. "Orthoepists, Printers, and the Rationalization of English Spelling." JEGP 79 (1980): 332--54.

Referrer (Inside): [2023-03-29-1] [2021-12-28-1]

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2018-12-30 Sun

#3534. <ae> ˤޤĤ륨ȥȥ [digraph][ligature][spelling][pronunciation][spelling_pronunciation_gap][diphthong]

Ƕ Merriam-Webster εȤ How to Pronounce 'Ae' in English Words ܤˤȤޤä2Ż (digraph) <ae> 뤤Ϲ (ligature) <æ> ˤĤƤϡܥ֥Ǥϡ#2419. ꥷƥѸˤ <ae> ([2015-12-11-1]))#2424. digraph (2) ([2015-12-16-1])#2515. 첻Ǥ첻ʸǤбɽ ([2016-03-16-1]) ǰäƤεϤ褤­ˤʤ롥
ꥷƥѸŵŪˤߤ <ae> ֻϡ§ȤƤ /iː/ Ĺ첻б (ex. algae, Caesar, aqua vitae, arborvitae, antennae) ΤʤäΤ /iː/ ˲äơŪ2첻 /aɪ/ ȯ <ae> ⾯ʤʤ褦Ȥơalumnae, larvae, lacunae, Bacchae ʤɤ󤲤Ƥ롥㳰㳰§Ȥ /aɪ/ ȯ <ae> ͣαñȤƤϡmaestro /ˈmaɪstrəʊ/ 󤲤롥οꥢѸȤȤǤ㳰ޤ㳰ȤСñ첻ɤޤ aesthetic /ɛsˈθɛtɪk/ ⤢롥
첻Ĺɤޤ뵭ȤƤ <e> Ȥ˴դߤС<ae> /eɪ/ ȯ봷ȯãΤԼǤϤʤaegis ȯ /ˈiːʤəs/ ¹Ԥ /ˈeɪʤəs/ ԤʤƤ褦
Τ褦 <ae> Фȯɤ줬㤷Τϡ⤽⤳ֻ٤㤯ȯȷӤĤΤ˽ʬʵ˳ͤդʤŵѸ¿Ȥ¤⡤ɤ֤򤫤Ƥ롥ξʸ蘆ä <æ> ϡűѸǤϤ֤٤ʸäȤפС֤ȿषƤޤäΤʤȴѸǤȯʵˤȤƤ /æ/ Ͻʬ˹٤ʡ#1022. ѸγƲǤ١ ([2012-02-13-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ20Ĥۤɤ첻Ǥ٥󥭥󥰤4̤ϤʤʤΩɡ

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2018-12-09 Sun

#3513. come some ֻ [spelling][spelling_pronunciation_gap][final_e][minim]

ɸ2Ĥιٸֻˤϡ˰츫פȻפ e դƤ롥ʤ e ΤȤȡʤʤ񤷤Ǥ롥ŪˤⶦŪˤ <o> ɽ路Ƥ첻û첻Ǥꡤ"magic <e>" νФϤʤäϤcf. #1289. magic <e> ([2012-11-06-1]
Ȥ one, none, done 󤲤줽#1297. does, done 첻 ([2012-11-14-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡŪĹ첻äƤȤ㤤롥θ <e> ϡĹ첻ȿǤ magic <e> Ǥ뤳ȤǤ뤬come, some Ϥ⤤ʤޤؤäƤΤ <-me> ǤΤǡ#1827. magic <e> Ȥ̵ط <-ve> ([2014-04-28-1]) Ǥߤ <-ve> Ȥ𤬰ۤʤ롥
̡ <e> ϤƤ<o> = /ʌ/ ʬܤСϡ#2450. Ѹˤ <u> <o> ˤѡ ([2016-01-11-1]) #2453. Ѹˤ <u> <o> ˤ (2) ([2016-01-14-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡ˭٤٤ŪǽǤ롥 "minim avoidance" Carney (148) ˤ⡤<o> = /ʌ/ ˴ؤƼΤ褦ʵҤ롥

   The use of <o> spellings [for /ʌ/] seems to be dictated by minim avoidance, at least Romance words (Scragg 1974: 44). Certainly, TF [= text frequency] 90 per cent, LF [= lexical frequency] 76 per cent of /ʌ/ <o> spellings occur before <v>, <m> or <n>. Typical <om> and <on> spellings are:

become, come, comfort, company, compass, somersault, etc.; conjure, front, frontier, ironmonger, Monday, money, mongrel, monk, monkey, month, son, sponge, ton, tongue, wonder, etc.

On the other hand there are equally common words with <u> spellings before <m> and <n>:

drum, jump, lumber, mumble, mumps, munch, mundane, number, pump, slum, sum, thump, trumpet, etc.; fun, fund, gun, hundred, hunt, lunch, punch, run, sun, etc.

There are also a few <o> spellings where adjacent letters do not have minim strokes: brother, colour, colander, thorough, borough, other, dozen. In the absence of context-based rules, such spelling can only be taught by sample lists . . . .


<e> Ϥޤ褵ʤޤޤǤ롥

Carney, Edward. A Survey of English Spelling. Abingdon: Routledge, 1994.
Scragg, D. G. A History of English Spelling. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1974.

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2018-11-19 Mon

#3493. address <dd> ˤĤ (2) [etymological_respelling][latin][prefix][spelling]

ε ([2018-11-18-1]) ˰³ƤꡥƥƬ ad- ϡ³캬Ƭ˱ ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, as-, at- ʤɤȻѤѤ롥б벻Ʊ (assimilation) 椨ΰ۷ (allomorph) Ǥ롥Ȥơaccuse, affirm, aggression, allude, appeal, assemble, attend ʤɤ󤲤롥դˤС캬ƬȤδطDzؤʤˡ ad- ѤȤȤaddress ˤ衤嵭ñ췲ˤ衤ƬλҲŤʤä֤Ƥ롥餯ΤۤȤɤ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) ʤΤǤϤʤˤǤ롥Ĥޤꡤťե󥹸ѸǤλҲϤ褽1Ĥ֤ƤѸˤơ츻Ǥƥ򻲾ȤƻҲ֤餻ΤǤϤʤȡ
ˤĤơBarnhart ǸŪʵҤͿƤ롥ޤϡХ address ˤĤơ

The present spelling with -dd- is a refashioning of the prefix a- into ad- in English, after the Latin form, and occasionally occurs in Middle French.


ơŪʲ⤬ ad- θФΤȤͿƤ롥

Words formed with ad- found in modern English do not always reflect a direct passage from Latin into English. The prefix ad- was transformed to a- in Old French, and so appeared in words that entered Middle English through Old French. In the 15th century many of these words were respelled with the ad- to restore the connection with Latin. . . . When the process went too far, as in advance, English acquired a d that had no historical justification.


Barnhart, Robert K. and Sol Steimetz, eds. The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology. Bronxville, NY: The H. W. Wilson, 1988.

Referrer (Inside): [2019-11-18-1]

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2018-11-18 Sun

#3492. address <dd> ˤĤ (1) [etymological_respelling][latin][prefix][spelling][sobokunagimon]

ʤ address Ǥ <dd> ȽŻҲѤƤΤȤʥˤĤƤβYahoo!ηޤǥХäƤȤñadressaddressɤ餬ڥǤ礦ˡϡ̾ĥüŪ˼Ƥ̤Ѹ˥Хä츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) Ǥ롥
ȯռϤ狼롥ե󥹸ѸǤ adresser, adressen ʤɤ <d> 1ĤǤꡤǤɤʤΤˡѸǤϤʤ <d> ŤͤΤ˸츻ŪˤƱƥƬ ad- դΤǤ⡤adapt, admire, adnominal, adopt, adverb ʤɤǤ <d> ŤʤäƤʤȤ⤢롥
Upward and Davidson (101) ˡƥƬ ad- ղäȴϢƼεҤߤ롥

Lat AD- attached to a stem beginning with D results in Lat and ModE -DD-: add (< Lat addere), addiction, address, adduce. (OFr and ME often wrote such words with single D.)
D has been doubled in developments from Fr where there has been a stress shift to the first syllable in ModE: boudin > podyng > pudding, sodein > sodayn > sudden.
Some words with single medial D (e.g. hideous, medal, model, study) were occasionally written with DD in EModE.


2ܤ3ܤεҤ狼뤳Ȥϡ֤˱ơŪʡֻ§פɤ˻ҲŤͤŤͤʤäꤹ㤬Ѹ˸줿ȤȤܲľܿƤ1ܤǤϡѸťե󥹸Ǥ϶֤ιθʤƤ褦ѸʹߤˤϤʤƤ餺षƥֻ˰줿̤Ǥ뤳ȤƤ롥̤ȤΩ address, addict, adduce ʤɤֻϡ֤첻ĹʤɤȿǤɽŪֻȤϡad- ޤǤƬǤꡤʹߤʬ캬Ǥ뤳Ȥ򼨤ɽŪֻȤ٤ơϸ츻ŪֻǤ⤢ä
ѸˤζʽʤɤǤϡƬ ad- 򻲾Ȥ d 츻ŪֻŵȤ admonish, advance, advantage, adventure, advise ʤɤФе󤲤ʺǸθˤĤƤϡ#1153. ̾ adviceư advise ([2012-06-23-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ캬Ǥ d ǻϤޤ뺣Τ褦ʸˤơƬˤޤ d ̤Ȥ <dd> ȤʤˤϤޤǵŤʤäष줳ƥߤ츻ŪֻιȤȤǤ뤫⤷ʤȤޤ졤Ū ad- ˤƸ츻ŪֻȤ d 줿ϡޤǻ䤬פäƤ⤫ʤ¿褦Ǥ롥

Upward, Christopher and George Davidson. The History of English Spelling. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

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2018-10-30 Tue

2018-10-29 Mon

2018-09-30 Sun

#3443. ɽʸɽʸ [grammatology][writing][spelling][alphabet][kanji][hiragana][katakana]

ܥ֥ǤϡʸʬˤĤơ#422. ʸμ ([2010-06-23-1])#2341. ɽʸɽʸ ([2015-09-24-1])#2344. ɽʸɽʸɽʸ ([2015-09-27-1]) ʤɤǡ͡ʳ٤ͤƤŪˤ alphabet ɽʸǡɽʸʤ뤤ɽʸȤɽʸȤͤˤȸ뤬ե٥åȤ1İʾĤʤ碌ƤޤȤޤʤֻ (spelling) Ȥñ̤ǹͤʤСϴ1ʸȹͤ뤷դ˴¿ޤ᤿ǤʬǤΤ顤Ǥ򥢥ե٥åȤ1ʸΤȤƸ뤳ȤǽǤ롥ˤĤƤ⡤ľܡܤˡ#284. Ѹֻȴζ ([2010-02-05-1])#285. Ѹֻȴζ (2) ([2010-02-06-1])#2913. Chinese character ǤϤʤ Chinese spelling ȸƤ֤٤ ([2017-04-18-1])#2043. Ѹֻɽַǡ ([2014-11-30-1]) ʤɤεǰäƤ
嵭ϡפˡɽʸɽʸȤ褦ʸʬबɤޤʤΤȤǤ롥ˤĤơ (3) Τ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

ʸϤɽʸ (phonogram) ɽʸ (ideogram) ʬΤŪ˹ԤƤʬˡǤ뤬ŬäʬȤϤʤʸϲỌ̇̄ηӤĤ쵭ɽΤǤ뤫顤ΰɽΤʸȤϤʤ
ɽʸȸƤФ޻䲾̾⤽ʸηϤƤϢ³ˤäƸɽƤΤǤꡤɽʸɽȤϤꤽɽβޤɽƤ뤳ȤѤϤʤäơʸηϤʬहʤСηϤơʸɤΤ褦ñ̤ˤޤʬϤɽ褦ȤΤȤʬबʤʤФʤʤȤСϲʸŪIJʸǤꡤϥ󥰥ϲʸŪͭ벻ʸǤȤ褦ˡ
޻Τ褦ʲʸξǤ⡤ϢˤäɽȤΤϲỌ̇̄η礷Ǥ뤫顤ֻȲȤδ֤˥줬Ƥ⤽ʸȤƤȤƲ̤ȤǤ롥ʤ첻Ȥطݤ櫓ǤϤʤ


Ūʸˤ복ǰѸϡƤɬפ

ˡ1ϡܸ˳ѡ ԡˡ˸ءīоȸإ꡼ȯŸԡ3īҽŹ2018ǯ1--21ǡ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-01-26-1] [2019-01-12-1]

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2018-08-24 Fri

#3406. Levenshtein distance [cgi][web_service][spelling][shakespeare][levenshtein_distance]

ʸ٤٤¬ͭ̾ʻɸ1Ĥˡɸ "Levenshtein distance" ȤΤ롤#3397. Ѹ through Υֻ ([2018-08-15-1])#3398. Ѹ such Υֻ ([2018-08-16-1])#3399. ֻٷ׻ ([2018-08-17-1]) ǤȤƤɸǤꡤ#1163. 饤åǡ١ DICT.ORG ([2012-07-03-1]) Ǥ⤳λɸѤֻФץ󤬤롥
ͤ񤷤ʤȤʸ󤫤ɸʸѴˤϡĤԽִˤɬפФ褤㤨Сkitten sitting Ѵˤϡkitten k s ִˢ sitten e i ִˢ sittin g ˢ sitting Ȥ3ƧɬפΤǡξֻ֤ Levenshtein distance 3ȤȤˤʤ롥ִ̾Խˤ줾1ͤƤ뤬ơ˰ۤʤͤͿ׻λ⤢롥
ʲˡ̾νŤߤŤ Levenshtein distance ¬ CGI ֤Ƥˡ#1720. Shakespeare ֤ ([2014-01-11-1]) 25ΰֻФơ޶ڤʤɤDzϤƤߤƤפ˰ʲ򥳥ԥڡˡShakespeare, Schaksp, Shackespeare, Shackespere, Shackspeare, Shackspere, Shagspere, Shakespe, Shakespear, Shake-speare, Shakespere, Shakespheare, Shakp, Shakspe?, Shakspear, Shakspeare, Shak-speare, Shaksper, Shakspere, Shaxberd, Shaxpeare, Shaxper, Shaxpere, Shaxspere, Shexpere

Input a batch of spellings separated by a newline, tab, or comma, with the first spelling being used as the basis of comparison.
Order of output: As input Sort by Levenshtein distance



ֻ֤٤٤η¬ϡۣ渡䥹ڥ󥰥åʤɤμŪŪˤѤƤ롥ɸŪֻʤäŤѸθˤ⡤ȤΩĤȤꤽ

Referrer (Inside): [2020-01-21-1]

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2018-08-17 Fri

#3399. ֻٷ׻ [cgi][web_service][spelling][shakespeare][levenshtein_distance]

2֤ε#3397. Ѹ through Υֻ ([2018-08-15-1])#3398. Ѹ such Υֻ ([2018-08-16-1]) ǡֻ֤׻륹ץȤѤơthrough such ֻ͡ӤΥץȤϡٻȤ꤬뤫⤷ʤȻפŪʷ CGI ȤǤߤ
ȤץȤŪʻͤδطǥоưʤȤȤȯСǰ̵ǰƤ̵̣Ǥ뤳ȤΤΤʲ֤ƤȻפޤʤääΤ伫ȤΥPCǤưƤΤǡˡߤޤ

Input a batch of spellings separated by a newline, tab, or comma, with the first spelling being used as the basis of comparison.
Order of output: As input Sort by similarity



ȡǤϤޤʤΤǡShakespeare ΰֻӤ̤ϪƤޤ#1720. Shakespeare ֤ ([2014-01-11-1]) ǵ󤲤25ΰֻ Shakespeare, Schaksp, Shackespeare, Shackespere, Shackspeare, Shackspere, Shagspere, Shakespe, Shakespear, Shake-speare, Shakespere, Shakespheare, Shakp, Shakspe?, Shakspear, Shakspeare, Shak-speare, Shaksper, Shakspere, Shaxberd, Shaxpeare, Shaxper, Shaxpere, Shaxspere, Shexpere ϤơȤȡΤ褦ʽϤ줿

SimilaritySpellings
1.0000Shakespeare
0.9565Shackespeare, Shake-speare, Shakespheare
0.9524Shakespear, Shakespere, Shakspeare
0.9091Shackespere, Shackspeare, Shak-speare
0.9000Shakspear, Shakspere
0.8571Shackspere
0.8421Shakespe, Shaksper
0.8000Shagspere, Shaxpeare, Shaxspere
0.7368Shaxpere, Shexpere
0.7000Shakspe?
0.6667Schaksp, Shaxper
0.6250Shakp
0.5263Shaxberd


٤0.7ʲΤΤϡ褽άǤ롥0.7ĶΤϡ褽褦˴Τ⤷

Referrer (Inside): [2020-01-21-1] [2018-08-24-1]

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2018-08-16 Thu

#3398. Ѹ such Υֻ [spelling][eme][lme][me_dialect][levenshtein_distance]

ε#3397. Ѹ through Υֻ ([2018-08-15-1]) ˰³ such ΰֻˤĤơ#2520. Ѹ134 "such" ΰֻ ([2016-03-21-1])#2521. Ѹ113 "such" ΰֻ ([2016-03-22-1]) Ǹ褦ˡĴ٤¤ꡤѸΤǤ such ɽֻ212ۤɳǧ롥Τ208ˤĤơƱˡǸɸֻ such ˤɤƤ뤫׻Ƥ󤷤Ƥߤ

SimilaritySpellings
1.0000such
0.8889sƿuch, shuch, succh, suche, sucht, suech, suich, sulch, suuch, suych, swuch
0.8571suc
0.8000sƿucch, sƿuche, schuch, scuche, shuche, souche, sucche, suchee, suchet, suchte, sueche, suiche, suilch, sulche, sutche, suuche, suuech, suyche, swuche, swulch
0.7500sƿuc, scht, sech, shuc, sich, soch, sueh, suhc, suhe, suic, sulc, suth, suyc, swch, swuh, sych
0.7273sƿucche, sƿuchne, sƿulche, schuche, suecche, suueche, suweche
0.6667hsƿucche, sƿche, sƿich, sƿucches, sƿulc, schch, schuc, schut, seche, shich, shoch, shych, siche, soche, suicchne, suilc, svche, svich, swche, swech, swich, swlch, swulchen, swych, syche, zuich, zuych
0.6154swulchere
0.6000asoche, sƿiche, sƿilch, sƿlche, sƿuilc, sƿulce, schech, schute, scoche, scwche, secche, shiche, shoche, sowche, soyche, sqwych, suilce, sviche, sweche, swhych, swiche, swlche, swyche, zuiche, zuyche
0.5714sec, sic, sug, swc, syc
0.5455aswyche, sƿicche, sƿichne, sƿilche, sƿi~lch, scheche, schiche, schilke, schoche, sewyche, sqwyche, sswiche, swecche, swhiche, swhyche, swichee, swyeche, zuichen
0.5333sucheȝ
0.5000sƿic, sɩͨh, scli, secc, sick, silc, slic, solchere, sulk, swic, swlc, swlchere, swulcere
0.4444sƿilc, sclik, sclyk, suilk, sulke, suylk, swics, swilc
0.4000sƿillc, sclike, sclyke, squike, squilk, squylk, suilke, suwilk, suylke, swilce, swlcne, swulke, swulne
0.3636sƿilcne, suilkin, swhilke
0.3333swisɩͨhe
0.2857sik, sli, slk, sly, syk
0.2500selk, sike, silk, slik, slyk, swil, swlk, swyk, swyl, syge, syke, sylk
0.2222sƿilk, selke, sliik, slike, slilk, slyke, swelk, swilk, swlke, swyke, swylk, sylke
0.2000slieke, slkyke, swilke, swylke, swylle
0.1818sƿillke, swilkee, swilkes


ˤȡŪʥֻ sƿillke, swilkee, swilkes 3ĤȤȤˤʤ롥Τˡ

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2018-08-15 Wed

#3397. Ѹ through Υֻ [spelling][lme][me_dialect][levenshtein_distance][through]

#53. Ѹ through ֤515̤ ([2009-06-20-1])#54. through ֤٥10ʥ10ˡ ([2009-06-21-1]) ǾҲ𤷤褦ˡѸ through ֻϡꥨ˭٤Ǥ롥ǤϤΤ515ֻ̤򽸤᤿ϥեʸΰǤΡˡåΡʾάʤɤŸΡˡդʸʸʸΰ㤤̵̵ͭ뤹С444̤Ȥʤ롥444ֻ̤ˤĤơɸֻ through ˤɤƤ뤫String::Similarity Ȥ Perl Υ⥸塼ѤƷ׻Ƥߤ٤륢르ꥺϡʸѴι (Levenshtein edit distance) ˴ŤΤǤ롥˰פƤ 1.0000 ͤꡤޤäۤʤ 0.0000 򼨤ǤϡֻƤ׽󤷤褦

SimilaritySpellings
1.0000through
0.9333thorough, throughe, throught
0.9231throgh, throug, throuh, thrugh, trough
0.8750thoroughe, thorought
0.8571thorogh, thorouh, thorugh, thourgh, throȝgh, throghe, throght, throwgh, thrughe, thrught
0.8333thogh, throu, thrug, thruh, trogh, trugh
0.8000thoroghe, thoroght, thorouȝh, thorowgh, thorughe, thorught, thourghe, thourght, throȝghe, throghet, throghte, throighe, throuȝht, throuche, throwght, thrughte
0.7692þrough, thorgh, thorou, thoruh, thourh, throȝh, throch, throuȝ, throue, throwg, throwh, thruch, thruth, thrwgh, thrygh, thurgh, thwrgh, troght, trowgh, trughe, trught
0.7500thorowghe, thorowght
0.7273thro
0.7143þorough, þrought, thorȝoh, thorghe, thorght, thorghw, thorgth, thorohe, thorouȝ, thorowg, thorowh, thorrou, thoruȝh, thoruth, thorwgh, thourhe, thourth, thourwg, thowrgh, throȝhe, throcht, throuȝe, throwth, thruȝhe, thrwght, thurgeh, thurghe, thurght, thurgth, thurhgh, trowght, yorough
0.6667þorought, þough, þrogh, þroughte, þrouh, þrugh, thorg, thorghwe, thorh, thoro, thorowth, thorowut, thoru, thour, throȝ, throw, thruȝ, thrue, thuht, thurg, thurghte, thurh, thuro, thuru, torgh, yrogh, yrugh
0.6154þorogh, þorouh, þorugh, þourgh, þroȝgh, þroghe, þrouȝh, þrouhe, þrouht, þrowgh, þurugh, thorȝh, thorch, thoroo, thorow, thorth, thoruȝ, thorue, thorur, thorwh, thourȝ, thoure, thourr, thourw, thowur, throȝe, throȝt, throve, throwȝ, throwe, throwr, thruȝe, thrvoo, thurȝh, thurch, thurge, thurhe, thurow, thurth, torghe, trghug, yhurgh, yorugh, yourgh
0.5714þoroghe, þorouȝh, þorowgh, þorught, þourght, þrouȝth, þrowghe, þurughe, thorowȝ, thorowe, thorrow, thorthe, thourȝe, thourow, thowrow, thrawth, throwȝe, thurȝhg, thurȝth, thurgwe, thurhge, thurowe, thurthe, yhurght, yourghe
0.5455þrou, þruh, thow, thrw, thur, trow, yrou
0.5333þorowghe, þorrughe, thorowȝt
0.5000þorgh, þorou, þorug, þoruh, þourg, þourh, þroȝh, þroth, þrouȝ, þrowh, þurgh, þwrgh, ȝorgh, thorȝ, thorv, thorw, thowe, thowr, threw, thrwe, thurȝ, thurv, thurw, thwrw, trowe, yhorh, yhoru, yhrow, yorgh, yorou, yoruh, yourh, yurgh
0.4615þhorow, þorghȝ, þorghe, þorght, þorguh, þorouȝ, þoroue, þorour, þorowh, þoruȝh, þorugȝ, þoruhg, þoruth, þorwgh, þourȝh, þourgȝ, þourth, þroȝth, þrouȝe, þrouȝt, þurgȝh, þurghȝ, þurghe, þurght, þuruch, dorwgh, dourȝh, drowgȝ, durghe, tþourȝ, thorȝe, thorȝt, thorȝw, thorew, thorwȝ, thorwe, thurȝe, thurȝt, thurew, thurwe, yorghe, yoroue, yorour, yourch, yurghe, yurght
0.4286þorouȝe, þorouȝt, þorouwȝ, þorowth, þrouȝte, thorȝwe, thorewe, thorffe, thorwȝe, thowffe, trowffe
0.4000þro
0.3636ðoru, þorg, þorh, þoro, þoru, þouȝ, þour, þroȝ, þrow, þruȝ, þurg, þurh, þuro, þuru, ȝoru, ȝour, torw, twrw, yorh, yoro, yoru, your, yrow, yruȝ, yurg, yurh, yuru
0.3333þerow, þerue, þhurȝ, þorȝh, þorch, þoreu, þorgȝ, þoroȝ, þorow, þorth, þoruþ, þoruȝ, þorue, þorwh, þouȝt, þourþ, þourȝ, þourt, þourw, þroȝe, þroȝt, þrowþ, þrowȝ, þrowe, þruȝe, þurȝg, þurȝh, þurch, þureh, þurhg, þurht, þurow, þurru, þurth, þuruȝ, þurut, ȝoruȝ, ȝurch, doruȝ, torwe, yoȝou, yorch, yorow, yoruȝ, yourȝ, yourw, yurch, yurhg, yurht, yurth, yurwh
0.3077þorȝhȝ, þorowþ, þorowe, þorrow, þoruȝe, þoruȝt, þorwgȝ, þorwhe, þorwth, þourȝe, þourȝt, þourȝw, þourow, þouruȝ, þourwe, þrorow, þrowȝe, þurȝhg, þurȝth, þurthe, ȝoruȝt, yerowe, yorowe, yurowe, yurthe
0.2857þrorowe
0.2000þor, þur
0.1818þarȝ, þorþ, þorȝ, þore, þorv, þorw, þowr, þurþ, þurȝ, þurf, þurw, ȝorw, ȝowr, dorw, yorȝ, yora, yorw, yowr, yurȝ, yurw
0.1667þerew, þorȝe, þorȝt, þoreȝ, þorew, þorwȝ, þorwe, þowre, þurȝe, þurȝt, þureȝ, þurwȝ, þurwe, dorwe, durwe, yorwe, yowrw, yurȝe
0.1538þorewȝ, þorewe, þorwȝe, þorwtȝ


ˤȡǤ through ȤϻƤʤȤǤʤֻϡþorewȝ, þorewe, þorwȝe, þorwtȝ 4ȤȤˤʤ롥ʤ˻ƤʤʤȻפäƤޤΤϡѸΤȤǤʤֻ˸ƤޤäʤߤˡߥꥫѸǾάֻȤѤ thru ϡѸˤϡꤽǤʤä褦

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2018-07-18 Wed

#3369. island ʤ neilond [metanalysis][spelling][etymological_respelling]

island ˤȤСѸˤǤ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) ȤδطǤ褯˵󤬤롥ܥ֥Ǥ#580. island --- ʤֻȯ ([2010-11-28-1]) ӡ#3227. ֺ¡֥ڥ󥰤ǤɤѸˡפ4doubt <b>--- ѸΥڥ󥰡ס ([2018-02-26-1]) Υ饤ɤǼ夲Ƥ<s> Ϥθ츻δ㤤˴ŤΤǤꡤष츻Ūֻ (unetymological spelling) ȸƤ֤٤Ǥ롥
island ˴ؤơ⤦1ĤޤΤƤʤŪʸäȤҲ𤷤Ԥ봧ʤɤθȤδ֤ˤʬ (metanalysis) ηneiland Τ褦ʸǤ롥Ĥޤꡤan eilond a neilond ʤɤȡָäơڤʬ줿̤ȤǤ롥ѸǤϡMED īlōnd (n.) ˤ⵭Ҥ褦ˡatten "at the" ˸³륱ʤɤǤ㤬ä褦䤬ϤǸĤΤϡThe Bestiary Ǥ롥Cathegrande ʷߡˤ1Ĥ neilond ˤǤ뤫Τ褦ȽҤ٤륷Ǥ롥

a1300(a1250) Bestiary (Arun 292) 387: Cethegrande is a fis..ðat tu wuldest seien get, gef ðu it soge wan it flet, ðat it were a neilond.


ޤ⤫ǤϤʤȤ⡤Ϥؤơ̾ΤʤǤθѤ봷ä褦ǡѸ̾Ȥ Neiland ⸫뤳Ȥ顤ʬŪˤ n ƬˤİʬϷ⡤٤ή̤ƤΤ⤷ʤΤȤϡ1θ츻Ǥ īeg- ēa Ϥֿ塤פΰ̣ķǤǤȤФƤȤ򼨺롥ơϿ츻Ū <s> <island> Ω뤿Ǥ⤢Τ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2018-06-16 Sat

#3337. Mulcaster θåꥹ "generall table" ˤ츻Ūֻ (2) [mulcaster][spelling][etymological_respelling][lexicography][dictionary][orthography]

ɸϡ#1995. Mulcaster θåꥹ "generall table" ˤ츻Ūֻ ([2014-10-13-1]) Ǽ夲Mulcaster <ph> ΰˤĤƵŤȤΤ­롥
Richard Mulcaster (1530?--1611) 1582ǯ˽Ǥ The first part of the elementarie vvhich entreateth chefelie of the right writing of our English tung, set furth by Richard Mulcaster "Generall Table" ˤϡƤñֻ󤵤Ƥ롥θåꥹȤϡEEBO TCP, The first part of the elementarie Υڡ THE GENERAL TABLE CAP. XXV. 뤳ȤǤ롥  *  *
ΥꥹȤ <ph> ǻϤޤ췲ñ줬ǺܤƤսߤȡPhantasie, phantasticall, pheasant, phisician, pharisie, phisiognomie, philip, phrensie, philosophie, phenix 10Фư礷ƥåꡤ"vvhy not all these vvith f" 롥

Mulcaster's Proposal of <f> for <ph>

Ƥ Mulcaster ϸ츻Ūֻμ˾öŪǤꡤ <ph> ⡤鼨褦ˡܿȤƤ <f> ֤ꤿäΤ⤷ʤºݡ<f> ιǤϡfantsie, fantasie, fantastik, fantasticall, feasant, frensie 󤲤Ƥʤ10Τ٤ƤǤϤʤˡ
λ䤿ˤθηäǷ̤ΤäƤ뤬Mulcaster <f> ˴ؤ뤳Ƥ¤Τϡ10Τ fantasy, fantastical, frenzy 3ΤߤǤ롥ϡ츻ŪֻθؤαƶϤ礭äȤʪäƤȤ褦

Referrer (Inside): [2020-02-14-1]

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2018-05-19 Sat

#3309. ʤ input *imput ֤ʤΤ [spelling][pronunciation][prefix][assimilation][morpheme][consonant][sobokunagimon]

Ƭ in- ϡ§ȤƸ³ΤɤΤ褦ʲǻϤޤ뤫ˤäơǥեȤ in- Ǥʤ, im b, m, p , il- l , ir- r , i- g ˤʤɤΰ۷֤Ȥ롥̣ȤƤϡƬ in- ˤϡפȡˡפ2Ĥ̤뤬۷֤ˤĤƤξȤƱͤ˿񤦡줾󤲤Сinactive, inconclusive, inspirit; imbalance, immature, immoral, imperil, implode, impossible; illegal, illicit, illogical; irreducible, irregular, irruptive; ignoble, ignominy, ignorant ʤɤǤ롥
in- λҲ³벻ˤäĴĴͼ㴳Ѱۤ븽ݤϡҲƱ (assimilation) Ȥ뤬ҲƱȤΤϡۤȤɤξ硤ѸΥƥʤե󥹸ˤˤƤǤꡤѸäƤݤˤϡǤˤΤ褦ʰ۷֤ȤäƤȤΤ¤Ǥ롥षѸ¦Ω줫ϡμѸ夫ʬϤơƬ in- ڤФȤߤΤǤ롥ä󤽤Τ褦ʬϤʤ夹ȡʹ in- ϤѸͭƬǤ뤫Τ褦˿񤤽Ф۷֤μ⥪ꥸʥΥƥʤɤƱͤ˵§ŪʤΤȤȤ館褦ˤʤä
ƥͳΡפȡˡפ̣Ƭ in- Ͼ嵭Τ褦˿񤦤դ٤ϱѸˤˡפ̣Ʊ֤ in ¸ߤ뤳Ȥֻ졦ȤƤαѸ in ƬȤѤˤϡ嵭ΥƥƬ in- Τ褦˰۷֤Ȥ뤳ȤϤʤĤޤꡤin- ѲǤ롥ɸñ input in- ϡȿи output out- ٤ʬȤꡤޤƬ in- Ǥ롥äơ*imput ȤϤʤʤʤʤߤ˥ƥ out- бΤ ex- Ǥˡδ in-between, in-place, inmate ʤɤƱͤǤ롥
ȯϼºݤΤȤҲƱ򵯤Ƥ뤳Ȥ¿input ֤ƤƤ⡤/ˈɪnpʊt/ ˲ä /ˈɪmpʊt/ ԤʤƤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2020-11-08-1] [2019-05-22-1]

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2018-05-15 Tue

#3305. ʤ can cannot 1֤Τ [sobokunagimon][negative][spelling][auxiliary_verb][clitic][punctuation][pronunciation]

ɸε䤬󤻤줿ºݤˤϡư can ȤƤɸ cannot Τۤcan't can not 3ब롥̤ˤ1Ǥ뤫Τ褦֤ can't cannot Ū¿ʬ񤭤줿 can not ⤢ˤϤ롥ԤѤΤϡŪʸϤ뤤϶ĴоȡտޤƤΤߤǤ롥
ޤ Fowler's 򻲾Ȥcan't cannot ˤĤƸѸǤλ¤ǧƤcan't ȯϡꥹѸ /kɑːnt/, ꥫѸ /kænt/ Ȥʤ뤬ä˻ҲǤϤФи t ơ/kɑːn/, /kæn/ Τ褦ˤʤ롥 can ȤϰۤʤꡤǤϼ¸ߤʤcannot ϱƲǤ줾 /ˈkæn ɒt/, /ˈkæn ɑːt/ Ȥʤ뤬ºݤˤ can't Ȥȯ⤢롥
can't cannot λȤʬäˤʤ줫Ѥ뤫ϸĿͤνˤȤ礭Ȥ롥§Ȥ cannot Ȥ륱Ȥơ?ʤפ̣ cannot but do cannot help doing ιʸ롥դˡǡϤƤϤߤ?뤳ȤǤʤ褦פ̣ can't seem to do ǤϡäѤ can't Ѥ롥
Ūˤ cannot ΤۤŤѸ줫㤬OED Ǥ a1425 Сˡcan't ѸǻȤƤǽϻĤ뤬ޤȤ˽иƤΤ17Τ褦can't Shakespeare ǤȤƤʤ
ơɸεºݤΤȤ褯ʬʤΤ1Ĺͤ줽ʤȤҤ٤Ƥcan't ϻҲ t 뷹ȾҤȤ櫓³ t, d, n Τ褦ʻԲξˤϡηȿ¬롥ȡƱȤʤäƤޤȤˤ̤ޤѲǽ⤷ʤ򾷤䤹Ǥϡcannot 2ȯϡʤȤ2ܤ첻¸ߤǤ뤳ȤݾڤƤ뤿ˡͭǤ롥ޤ can not ȤϷŪˤⵡǽŪˤ̤٤άˤϰ㤤ʤᡤֻάˤդ路1Ǥ뤫Τ褦˽񤫤롤ȤȤǤϤʤ¾νưβ֤ȤˤӤƤߤɬפꤽ

Burchfield, Robert, ed. Fowler's Modern English Usage. Rev. 3rd ed. Oxford: OUP, 1998.

Referrer (Inside): [2019-05-22-1]

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