hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     ڡ 1 2 3 4 5 ڡ / page 2 (5)

bible - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2019-11-06 Wed

#3845. ֺ¡ֱѸˤȸ츻פ5֥ꥹȶפ򽪤ޤ [asacul][notice][slide][link][christianity][alphabet][latin][loan_word][bible][religion]

#3833. ֺ¡ֱѸˤȸ츻פ5֥ꥹȶפΤ ([2019-10-25-1]) ǰ⤷ī㡼󥿡ɶֺ112ڡˤ˽ޤ˻äƤǮ깭ޤ¿ˤ錄뤴Ŧ䥳Ȥ򤤤ؤ󽼼¤Ȥʤޤ
ֺ¤Ѥ饤ɻ֤ƤޤΤǡˤѤ饤ɤγƥڡؤΥ󥯤ĥäƤޤ

1. Ѹˤȸ츻5 ֥ꥹȶ
2. 5󡡥ꥹȶ
3. ܼ
4. 1. 󥰥ɤΥꥹȶ
5. űѸޤǡ?1066ǯˤΥꥹȶ˴ؤάǯɽ
6. 2. ޻κ
7. 롼ʸȤϡ
8. ¸ǸŤαʸϥ롼ʸǽ񤫤Ƥ
9. 롼ʸΰ仺
10. űѸΥե٥å
11. űѸʸؤγ
12. 3. ƥμ
13. űѸäˤƥѸΨ
14. ꥹȶȰʸΥƥ
15. 4.
16. 5. ȸ
17. 轡ѸܸͿŪƶ
18. ܸˤ뽡
19. ޤȤ
20. 䡧ּεפγƻΥ
21. ʸ

6Ͼ2020ǯ321ڡˤ15:15?18:30Ȥʤޤ֥󥰤οפꤷƱѸ˾κΰѤͽǤ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-03-12-1] [2020-04-19-1]

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2019-05-25 Sat

#3680. إ륺ν٤饤 [manuscript][celtic][literature][link][book_of_kells][bible][manuscript][literature][ireland][latin]

ɤȥ󥰥󤬤ߤȤͻ礷ܤηإ륺ν (The Book of Kells) 饤󲽤ꡤܤ̩Ǥ롥ξ "The Medieval Masterpiece, the Book of Kells, Is Now Digitized & Put Online" ȤΤä


The Book of Kells, Chi-Rho Page The Book of Kells



إ륺ν٤ϡinsular half-uncial ΤΥƥǽ񤫤줿4ʡǤ롥680ڡʤΤȤɤ˶ˤ̩ܤƤꡤηݽŪͤؤ롥7Ⱦ9ˤơ餯Υɽƻǡ֤򤫤Ի줿ΤμܤȤСޤμܤ̾󤬤ȤۤɤΥȥĤΰʤǤ롥Encyclopaedia Britannica ˤȡΤ褦˲⤬롥

Illuminated gospel book (MS. A.I. 6; Trinity College Library, Dublin) that is a masterpiece of the ornate Hiberno-Saxon style. It is probable that the illumination was begun in the late 8th century at the Irish monastery on the Scottish island of Iona and that after a Viking raid the book was taken to the monastery of Kells in County Meath, where it may have been completed in the early 9th century. A facsimile was published in 1974.


֥˹ԤȤ⡤ʤˤƤηį褦ˤʤäˤʤäʤ

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica 2008 Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2008.

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2019-03-29 Fri

#3623. إ֥饤줫μѸ [bible][hebrew][loan_word][borrowing][onomastics][personal_name]

إ֥饤 (hebrew) ϡ鷺Ȥ줿θǤꡤ䡦ꥹȶαƶˤ¿θ˱ƶͿƤѸ㳰ǤϤʤűѸѸޤǡƥ䥮ꥷ޲𤵤ǡ˸ŪʱƶäƤ켣 (119--20) ˽äơĤμѸ򼨤

amen: ֥סʵνθաˡ֤Ǥޤ褦ˡ (So be it!) ΰա
cabal: ֱġ̩ҡס
cherub [ʧérəb]: ֥ӥࡤ2ŷȡ
hallelujah: ֥ϥסʿ붫ӡˡּۤ᤿ (Praised be God!) ΰա
hosanna: ֥ۥʡסʿޤϥꥹȤ붫ӡˡֵߤ뤨 (Save, we pray) ΰա
jubilee: ֥٥ǯǰססʥ䶵50ǯȤ˹Ԥ©ǯˡ
leviathan: ֥סʵʳβʪˡ
manna: ֥ޥʡסʥ⡼ (Moses) Ψ줿饨ͤץæФ˺ݤƹǵȤäޤ줿ʪˡ
rabbi: ֥ӡסʥ䶵ԡΧˡؼˡ
sabbath: ְ©ס
satan: ֥󡤡ʥꥹȶǤ˰ס
schwa: ֥ʥȤΤʤˤޤ첻
seraph: ֥ԥࡤŷȡס
shibboleth: ֡ʤ볬顦ΤˡͭθաδʤɡϡסŨФ륨ե饤 (Ephraimites) [ʃ] ȯǤʤȤ顤쥢ǿ (Geleadites) Ũʬ뤿ˤθѤʵ Judges 12: 4--6 ˡ

ۤС (96) 䤨Сbar mitzvah ʥХ롦ߥĥС13Ф˻ҤνΰͼϡˡJehovah ʥϥˡRosh Hashana ʥοǯסˡsapphire ʥե, babel ʥХ٥ˡbehemoth ʥӥҥ⥹εáϡˡcider ʥ󥴼ˡjasper ˶̡ˡshekel ʥߡˡkosher ʡʿʪΧˡˤʤäˡkibbutz ʥ֥ġΥ饨νϡˤʤɤ롥
̾¿ȤդäƤȤơ#3408. Elizabeth οΰ̾ ([2018-08-26-1]) ȡ#3433. Ѹ̾ John ([2018-09-20-1]) 򻲾ȡ

켣 رѸˡ١ҡ2000ǯ
 礦ҡرѸ˳١dzƼҡ2007ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-05-25-1]

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2019-02-14 Thu

#3580. ԥȶο [bible][shakespeare][emode][verb][preterite][register]

Shakespeare νʤȶ (Authorized Version; King Jame Bible) ϤۤƱ˽񤫤Ƥʤ⡤줾αѸϽ¦̤ˤưۤʤäƤcf. #492. ѸζѲưɤ ([2010-09-01-1])#1418. 17 its μơ ([2013-03-15-1])#3491. dreamt dreamed ˡκ ([2018-11-17-1])ˡŪˤ Shakespeare ϳ׿ŪݼŪʸո¿Ȥ롥Crystal (275) ꡤκۤ㼨Ƥߤֵפȡֿפδ֤ɤƤư֤Ѱۤ濴ˡŵŪ򽸤᤿ΤǤ롥

King JamesFirst Folio
old formnew formold formnew form
bare 175bore 1bare 10bore 25
clave 14cleft 2clave 0cleft 8
gat 20, gotten 25got 7gat 0, gotten 5got 115
goeth 135goes 0goeth 0goes 166
seeth 54sees 0seeth 0sees 40
spake 585spoke 0spake 48spoke 142
yonder 7yon 0, yond 0yonder 66yon 9, yond 45


ϡʸ "The old Ecclesiastical Words to be kept, viz., the Word Church not to be translated Congregations, &c." ʤɤȽҤ٤Ƥ뤳Ȥͽ̤ۤꡤݼŪʸո褯ĤƤ롥θƤƸŤᤫȡޤ Tyndale ɽ줿1ۤαѸǥȤƤ뤳Ȥʤɤ顤ΤηˤĤäԻ׵ĤϤʤcf. #753. ʤθϸŤᤫ ([2011-05-20-1]
Shakespeare Τ褦ûҷȤθո̱̽ο͡θո˶ƤϤȤȤ⡤ưפǤƱǤ⡤Ѱ (register)ǥ󥹡ŪʤɤۤʤСޤǸΰ㤤ФΤȤȤ򼨤Ƥ롤ѸˤιǤ롥

Crystal, David. The Stories of English. London: Penguin, 2005.

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2018-11-27 Tue

#3501. 1552ǯ1662ǯεʸˡ [book_of_common_prayer][bible][emode][3sp][personal_pronoun][t/v_distinction][relative_pronoun][be][language_change]

1549ǯThomas Crammer Ի The Book of Common Prayer ʵˤ˽Ф1552ǯˤϡβǤФƤ롥εΰѸȤʤäƤΤ1539ǯ the Great Bible Ǥ롥褽1塤Ŵ1662ǯˡǤε񤬽Ǥ줿ߤ̤ѤƤ뤳οǤϡ1611ǯ the King James Bible ˴ŤƤꡤŪˤϤषݼŪǤ롥Ĥޤꡤ1552ǯǤ1662ǯǤε٤ƤߤȡԤΤۤǯȤƤ100ǯ;٤ˤ⤫餺ŪˤԤŤħ򼨤ȤȤȤʤΤǤϤʤԤͽ̤ꡤ꿷ħ򼨤Ƥ⤢ʣ
Gramley (144) ϡNevalainen (1998) θ򻲾Ȥʤ顤5ʸˡܤӤƤ롥

feature15521662
3rd person singular endingmixed {-th} and {-s}reversion to {-th}
2nd person singular personalthou/thee but some ye/youlargely a return to thou/thee
nominative ye/youboth ye and youlargely a return to ye
nominative which/who56 who vs. 129 which172 who vs. 13 which
present tense plural be/are52 are vs. 105 be125 are vs. 32 be


ǽ31662ǯǤΤۤषħݻƤ륱Ǹ2ϻ¨ʬۤ򼨤Ƥ褦ˤߤ륱2ĤΥΰ㤤ϡԤռŪѲ ("change from above") η̤ǤꡤԤ̵ռŪѲ ("change from below") η̤ǤȤ뤳ȤǤ뤫⤷ʤƬȯäտޤƤʸ̮ǤϤ꿷ˡѤƤȤ⤢Τǡ餯ʸΤ1δ֤θѲȤʣ߹äơ줾ɽФƤΤѤ̻ŪӤϡդפȤǤ롥
ˤĤƤϡ#745. 뺧 wedlock ([2011-05-12-1])#1803. Lord's Prayer ([2014-04-04-1])#2738. Book of Common Prayer (1549) King James Bible (1611) β ([2016-10-25-1])#2597. Book of Common Prayer (1549) ([2016-06-06-1]) 򻲾ȡ

Gramley, Stephan. The History of English: An Introduction. Abingdon: Routledge, 2012.
Nevalainen, T. "Change from Above. A Morphosyntactic Comparison of Two Early Modern English Editions of The Book of Common Prayer." A Reader in Early Modern English. Ed. M. Rydé, I. Tieken-Boon van Ostade, and M. Kytö. Frankfurt: Lang, 165--86.

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2018-11-17 Sat

#3491. dreamt dreamed ˡκ [bible][shakespeare][johnson][verb][conjugation][preterite][participle][epenthesis]

ε#3490. dreamt dreamed ء ([2018-11-16-1]) ȴϢơɸˤĤơξˡκĴ٤椬褦ΤʺϤʤ褦Ǥ롥ˡκȤƺȤ뤳Ȥ¿ꥫѸǤ dreamed ޤ졤ꥹѸǤξȤѤȤʾp. 422ˡ
Fowler's (231) ˤ "Dreamed, esp. as the pa.t. form, tends to be used for emphasis and in poetry." ȤꡤѰˤ뺹뤳Ȥ򼨺Ƥ롥
Ѹξ MED ƤߤȡȤơֵ§Ūʡ drēmed(e ȡԵ§Ūʡ drempte ξѤƤȤ狼뤬ʬȤƤϵ§εܤʤʤԵ§˸治ź (epenthesis) p äƤ뤳Ȥ (cf. #739. glide, prosthesis, epenthesis, paragoge ([2011-05-06-1]))
ѸǶ̣ΤϡShakespeare ǤξѤƤ뤬AV ˤ dreamt ϤʤȤ¤ʡرѸ츻ŵ١ˡAV Shakespeare ٤ʸŪǸʸˡ褯ݻƤȤΤǡ dreamed ΤۤȤФäΤ⤷ʤդˤСdreamt άŪˤˤϤդ路ʤȹͤ줿Τ⤷ʤ
ʤ1775ǯ Johnson μǤ "preter. dreamed, or dreamt" Ȥꡤdreamed ɮƬ˵󤲤Ƥ뤳Ȥ˿Ƥ

ͧ ԡظѸˡŵ١Ʋ2006ǯ
Burchfield, Robert, ed. Fowler's Modern English Usage. Rev. 3rd ed. Oxford: OUP, 1998.
߷ ˧ͺ (Խ紴)رѸ츻ŵ١ҡ1997ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2019-02-14-1]

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2018-10-29 Mon

2018-10-15 Mon

#3458. ɸѸγΩ [speech][standardisation][variety][sociolinguistics][cockney][shakespeare][bible][emode]

Ѹˤˤɸಽ (standardisation) ȤС1Ū˽񤭸դɸಽǰƬ֤Ƥ褦˻פ롥ܥ֥Ǥ⡤񤭸դɸಽˤĤƤ͡˾Ҳ𤷤ƤäդɸಽˤĤƤϰä#3356. ɸȯ18Ⱦ ([2018-07-05-1]) Ǥȯɸಽ夲ƤꡤäդɸಽΰϤΤΡäաפȡȯפȤƱǤϤʤäդˤϡȯʳʸˡäʤɤ¾¦̤⤢롥
äդɸಽˤĤơϲۤΡɸѸγΩ (93) ˵Ƥ복פѤ롥

񤭸դɸѸϴ15ȾޤǤˡɥ濴˷졤θ嶵ڤˤȤʤäƵ®˹ޤäȹͤƤ뤬äդɸϤޤκˤϤʤEModE ˤʤäƳΩ16ˤʤäƵ濴˾ή顤ʸ͡ǻȤ줿äդɸȤƳΩϥɥdz۳θդǤ뤫鳬ǤäơƱɥǤ⡤سθդɸȤʪǡ˥åˡ (Cockney) Ȥȯãޤʸˡ⼭ʤΤȤǡɸϡ줫ߤȯʸˡξ̤˷礱̣ǼͳʱѸǤ⤢äΤ褦ʱѸξطʤо줷ΤޤǤʤʸػ˾κȥԥ (William Shakespeare, 1564--1616) Ǥ롥ͤαѸϡάͶ¤ǡѸ2ĤθȸƤФƤ롥


ݥȤϡäդɸಽ񤭸դɸಽ1ۤ٤ƻϤޤäȤǤ롥ޤδפȤʤäѼ郎ɥλ۳θäȤפǤ롥ɸಽκǽˤϡѼȤưͤǤϤʤ٤ѰۤƤִˤפΤäȤäƤ褤ʤȤ⸽ɸѸθ򤽤˸ФȤǤ롥䤿γؤǤֱѲáפϡ500ǯΥɥξήΤ٤˵ĤȤȤǤ롥

ϲ ͭ ԡ λҡ ¹̾ ԡرѸˡ١罤۽Ź1995ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2018-11-20-1]

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2018-05-13 Sun

#3303. 󥰥ɽפιȤ򤯤̤륺 [reformation][celtic][linguistic_imperialism][emode][welsh][wales][history][bible][book_of_common_prayer]

#3100. 󥰥ɽפˤѸϰ̤θ¦̡ ([2017-10-22-1]) ǡ16Υ󥰥ɽפˤꡤɡ륺󥦥ǤϱѸθҤϹޤäȽϰ̤ȽҤ٤륺˴ؤƤϡ#1718. Wales ˤѸˡ ([2014-01-09-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡȵ񤬥륺줿ᡤ륺줬ݻ̤ȤʤäȤҤ٤륺ˤĤƤϡפαƶˤϰ̤ʤ줿Τݻ줿ΤɤʤΤʣʥ륺ξˤĤơʿ (27) ˲⤷Ƥ롥

طǤϡɥܤϰϻǯˡ񤪤ӵ򥦥륺ˡΧפ̲ᤵơȵ򥦥륺ϡ줫鸫ȽϤηȤʤäʤǤϡ륺ݻ˹׸Ⱦ̤ǡ륺ϽθȸʤơФ뤳ȤˤʤäϽʤȤơ¼ξͤ˻¸뤳Ȥˤʤä
ĤޤꡤϻΥ륺ˤơ륺ȵˤꡤ륺ͤ򥤥󥰥ɹ񶵲ˤȤɤƤֹ񶵲ءפѸ򹭤ֱѸءפͥ褷ƤΤǤ롥η̡Ǥϥ륺줬Ѥ졤θ¸³Ĺ줿䵧󥰥ɹ񶵲ȤƤⶵϸⶵǤһդɸݻ뤳ȤˤäơʤȤˡްĤäϸΰҿݤ줿ϥ󥰥¦ϡŪ֡פȸƤФ롥륺λ¸ϤΡŪ֡פ˰ͤäƤפˡפϡ륺򥦥륺ͤͿλ֡륺Ͻΰǰݻ줿


Ĥޤꡤפ̤ơ륺ɤФ줿ΤΡǤ̮̿ݤäȤȤ2Ĥΰۤʤפʬƹͤ뤳Ȥǡ츫̷⤷פΥ륺ؤαƶꥢǤ褦ˤʤä
420ˡ륺ˤ륦륺ϰ̤Ϥᤶޤ褷ƤȤˤʤ뤬֤äƤߤС16˾嵭ηаޤǥ륺βФ䤵˺ѤʤΤ󥰥¦ˤȤäơŪ֡פȤߤ̣狼롥

ʿ رѸ񡡡θ1500ǯˡ١̼ҡ2016ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2019-07-26-1]

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2018-04-15 Sun

#3275. ա wassail [be][etymology][oe][bible][imperative][old_norse]

4ϿεȤȤǡꡥwassail /ˈwɒseɪl, ˈwɑːsl/ Ȥϡ̾Ȥơ֡ʼ˥ꥹޥΡ˽ˤμפưȤơּ򤹤롨ǽˤפ̣롥ˤϡϤʤ be ư̿ŪޤƤCrystal 21 򻲾ȡˡ
űѸǤδդΰϡ꤬ñξˤ wes hal "(you (sg.)) be in good health"꤬ʣξˤ wesað hale "(you (pl.)) be in good health" ȸäwes wesað ϡߤǤϻȤƤʤ be ưΰ wesan 2;̿ʤ줾ñʣˤǤcf. #2600. űѸ be ưζޡ ([2016-06-09-1]hal(e) ϡѸǡַʡ򹯤ʡפɽ魯 whole hale θűѸǤꡤСפȤƤӤб hail ȤƱǤcf. #1783. whole <w> ([2014-03-15-1])ˡűѸΥȥʡǤϡLuke 1.28 ŷȤޥꥢФ Hal wes ðu Ȱս꤬롥
ѸǤ wesan be ư̿ϾüƤäδդɽ wassail ȤƸ경֤Ĥäʤwassail Ф֤ΰϡdrinkhail Ǥ롥
ťΥɸˤƱɽ ves heill ꡤѸɽθ츻ȤƤϤषθťΥɸαƶ礭Ȥ뤬ߤ wassail ϤˤŪʥꥹδդλȤΤƤ롥

Crystal, David. The Story of Be. Oxford: OUP, 2017.

Referrer (Inside): [2019-10-09-1] [2019-10-04-1]

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2018-01-27 Sat

#3197. Ѹμפʽǯɽ [timeline][history][emode][chronology][monarch][caxton][reformation][book_of_common_prayer][bible][renaissance][shakespeare][johnson]

Algeo and Pyles αѸǯɽ꡼3ƤϽѸ (153--55) ԤϽѸ1500--1800ǯȤƶڤäƤ뤳Ȥա#3193. űѸμפʽǯɽ ([2018-01-23-1]) ȡ#3196. Ѹμפʽǯɽ ([2018-01-26-1]) ⻲ȡ

1476William Caxton brought printing to England, thus both serving and promoting a growing body of literate persons. Before that time, literacy was confined to the clergy and a handful of others. Within the next two centuries, most of the gentry and merchants became literate, as well as half the yeomen and some of the husbandmen.
1485Henry Tudor ascended the throne, ending the civil strife called the War of the Roses and introducing 118 years of the Tudor dynasty, which oversaw vast changes in England.
1497John Cabot went on a voyage of exploration for a Northwest Passage to China, in which he discovered Nova Scotia and so foreshadowed English territorial expansion overseas.
1534The Act of Supremacy established Henry VIII as "Supreme Head of the Church of England," and thus officially put civil authority above Church authority in England.
1549The first Book of Common Prayer was adopted and became an influence on English literary style.
1558At the age of 25, Elizabeth I became queen of England and, as a woman with a Renaissance education and a skill for leadership, began a forty-five-year reign that promoted statecraft, literature, science, exploration, and commerce.
1577--80Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe, the first Englishman to do so, and participated in the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, removing an obstacle to English expansion overseas.
1590--1611William Shakespeare wrote the bulk of his plays, from Henry VI to The Tempest.
1600The East India Company was chartered to promote trade with Asia, leading eventually to the establishment of the British Raj in India.
1604Robert Cawdrey published the first English dictionary, A Table Alphabeticall.
1607Jamestown, Virginia, was established as the first permanent English settlement in America.
1611The Authorized or King James Version of the Bible was produced by a committee of scholars and became, with the Prayer Book and the works of Shakespeare, one of the major examples of and influences on English literary style.
1619The first African slaves in North America arrived in Virginia.
1642--48The English Civil War or Puritan Revolution overthrew the monarchy and resulted in the beheading of King Charles I in 1649 and the establishment of a military dictatorship called the Commonwealth and (under Oliver Cromwell) the Protectorate, which lasted until the Restoration of King Charles II in 1660.
1660The Royal Society was founded as the first English organization devoted to the promotion of scientific knowledge and research.
1670The Hudson's Bay Company was chartered for promoting trade and settlement in Canada.
ca. 1680The political parties---Whigs (named perhaps from a Scots term for 'horse drivers' but used for supporters of reform and parliamentary power) and Tories (named from an Irish term for 'outlaws' but used for supporters of conservatism and royal authority), both terms being originally contemptuous---became political forces, thus introducing party politics as a central factor in government.
1688The Glorious Revolution was a bloodless coup in which members of Parliament invited the Dutch prince William of Orange and his wife, Mary (daughter of the reigning English king, James II), to assume the English throne, resulting in the establishment of Parliament's power over that of the monarchy.
1702The first daily newspaper was published in London, followed by an extension of such publications throughout England and the expansion of the influence of the press in disseminating information and forming public opinion.
1719Daniel Defoe published Robinson Crusoe, sometimes identified as the first modern novel in English, although the evolution of the genre was gradual and other works have a claim to that title.
1755Samuels Johnson published his Dictionary of the English Language, a model of comprehensive dictionaries of English
1775--83The American Revolution resulted in the foundation of the first independent nation of English speakers outside the British Isles. Large numbers of British loyalists left the former American colonies for Canada and Nova Scotia, introducing a large number of new English speakers there.
1788The English first settled Australia near modern Sydney.


Ѹϡ̻ŪˤϱѸŸμ郎줿ǤꡤҲŪˤϼεǽŪɸಽʤäȤޤȤ

Algeo, John, and Thomas Pyles. The Origins and Development of the English Language. 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.

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2018-01-24 Wed

#3194. Υޥ塤Ѹ줬ѤʤʤäȤؤò [norman_conquest][me_text][scribe][manuscript][alliteration][laeme][bible]

Worcester Cathedral, Dean and Chapter Library F 174 Ȥܤ Fol. 63r, lines 14--28 ˡˤƬ򼨤ûƥȤƤ롥ꥸʥϸűѸǽ񤫤Ƥ褦ΥƥȤθϤǤ˽ѸŪħ򼨤Ƥ롥ܤϤ餯132Ⱦ (C13a2) ΩΥƥȤľˤ Ælfic Grammar Glossary ľˤ "Body and Soul" ˴ؤƬƤ롥Τ "Worcester tremulous hand" ȤΤ̻ˤäƽ񤫤Ƥ롥
ƥȤƤϡɸ˼褦ˡΥޥ˶ʤɤθŪʾ̤DZѸ줬ѤʤʤäƤޤäȤؤòǤ롥θűѸˤϱѸǶ餬Ԥʤ졤󥰥ɤʸŪȿǤƤΤˡѸäʤΥޥͤդȤʤäƤޤäƤ롤˸ơò路Ȥ衤Ȥݤ
ݥȤϡl. 15 l. 18 Ǥ롥űѸˤϥ󥰥ͤζդѸǿ͡򶵰餷Ƥ (l. 15)ΥޥκǤϡ¾ο͡סʤΦϤäƤΥޥͤ¾θǡ˿͡򶵰餷Ƥȡ񤭼òƤ롥Ѹ줬Ūϰ̤鿶Ȥ졤䤫󤶤줿ͻҤ狼롥Dickins and Wilson (2) ΥƥȤ򼨤

[S]anctus Beda was iboren her on Breotene mid us, 
And he wisliche [bec] awende 
Þet þeo Englise leoden þurh weren ilerde. 
And he þeo c[not]ten unwreih, þe questiuns hoteþ, 
Þa derne diȝelnesse þe de[or]wurþe is.5
Ælfric abbod, þe we Alquin hoteþ, 
He was bocare, and þe [fif] bec wende, 
Genesis, Exodus, Vtronomius, Numerus, Leuiticus, 
Þu[rh] þeos weren ilærde ure leoden on Englisc. 
Þet weren þeos biscop[es þe] bodeden Cristendom,10
Wilfrid of Ripum, Iohan of Beoferlai, Cuþb[ert] of Dunholme, 
Oswald of Wireceastre, Egwin of Heoueshame, Æld[elm] of 
Malmesburi, Swiþþun, Æþelwold, Aidan, Biern of Wincæstre, 
[Pau]lin of Rofecæstre, S. Dunston, and S. Ælfeih of Cantoreburi. 
Þeos læ[rden] ure leodan on Englisc,15
Næs deorc heore liht, ac hit fæire glod. 
[Nu is] þeo leore forleten, and þet folc is forloren. 
Nu beoþ oþre leoden þeo læ[reþ] ure folc, 
And feole of þen lorþeines losiæþ and þet folc forþ mid. 
Nu sæiþ [ure] Drihten þus, Sicut aquila prouocat pullos suos ad volandum, et super eo[s uolitat.]20
This beoþ Godes word to worlde asende, 
Þet we sceolen fæier feþ [festen to Him.] 


l. 20 ΥƥϡDeuteronomy 32:11 ꡥThe King James Version бսѤ "As an eagle stirs up her nest, flutters over her young, spreads abroad her wings, takes them, bears them on her wings: / So the Lord alone did lead him, and there was no strange god with him." (ll. 11--12) Ȥ롥褽褿ֿפ¤ޤȤä
μܤˤĤƤϡLAEME ξ⻲ȡ

Dickins, Bruce and R. M. Wilson, eds. Early Middle English Texts. London: Bowes, 1951.

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2017-11-25 Sat

#3134. James VI Ρּε [monarch][scottish_english][scots][emode][bible]

#1803. Lord's Prayer ([2014-04-04-1]) ǸűѸ줫鸽ѸˤƤΡּεפΥ٤˽ΥåȥΥä褦
ؼȩΥåȥɲ James VI (1566--1625) 1580ǯ˱ʸǡּεפ򼫤 Scots ǺƤܿͤˤ񤭤ΤΤ London, British Library, MS Royal 18 B.xvi, f. 44 ˳ǧ롥James VI English English ǤϤʤ Scots (English) ǽ񤯤Ȥˤ餤򴶤ƤͻҤϤʤƲǤCrystal (125) Ƹ褦

THE LORDIS PRAYER

Ô michtie father that in heauin remainis
thy noble name be sanctifeit alwayes
thy kingdome come, in earth thy will & rainis
euen as in heauunis mot be obeyed with prayse
& giue us lorde oure dayly bread & foode
forgiuing us all oure trespassis aye
as we forgiue ilk other in lyke moode
lorde in temptation lead us not ue praye
but us from euill deliuer euer moire
for thyne is kingdome ue do all record
allmichtie pouer & euerlasting gloire
for nou & aye so mot it be ô lorde.


Υåȥɲ James VI 1603ǯ˥󥰥ɤΥīγĤȤƥ󥰥ɲ James I Ȥʤ櫓ΤȤ˿òμԤȤȤˤ Scots ɥε˱֤ȤȤʤäϤƥ󥰥ɤ̱ϡ򸢰ҤѼȤǧ᤿ΤȯˡʤȤ⤢ΥåϴȤդˤСScots Υ󥰥ɱѸ첽Ϥޤäִ֤Ȥ⤤
η˴طȤơ#491. Stuart ī˿षʿʸˤ뱪Ū do ([2010-08-31-1])#1719. Scotland ˤѸˡ ([2014-01-10-1])#1952. Ųפ Your Majesty ˤߤɰա ([2014-08-31-1])#2128. "than" ȤƤ nor or ([2015-02-23-1])#3095. Your Grace, Your Highness, Your Majesty ([2017-10-17-1]) ⻲Ȥ줿

Crystal, David. Evolving English: One Language, Many Voices. London: The British Library, 2010.

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2017-10-24 Tue

#3102. ֥ꥹȶȱѸפΤޤȤ᥹饤 [slide][christianity][history][bible][runic][alphabet][latin][loan_word][link][hel_education][asacul]

Ѹˤˤ륭ꥹȶΰյˤĤơޤȤ᥹饤 (HTML) äΤǸ롥ɤ礭ǤꥹȶϱѸ (1) ޥ󡦥ե٥åȤˤܳŪʸʸƳ(2) ƥ줫μѸ¿⤿餷(3) 򳫻ϤȤ3ĤˤơѸ˾˷פΤʤյĤȷŤޤ

1. ꥹȶȱѸ
2.
3. ֥ƥؤΥꥹȶ (#2871)
4. 1. ޥ󡦥ե٥åȤƳ
5. 롼ʸȤϡ
6. ¸ǸŤαʸϥ롼ʸǽ񤫤Ƥ
7. űѸ쥢ե٥å
8. űѸʸ (#2526)
9. 2. ƥαѸäؤαƶ
10. 轡ѸܸͿŪƶ (#206)
11. 3. γ
12. ¿δɽ
13. ޤȤ
14. ʸ
15. 1: Beowulf Ƭ11 (#2893)
16. 2ּεפγƻΥ (#1803)

¾Ρ֤ޤȤ᥹饤ɡפȤơ#3058. ֱѸˤˤ¤ΰյפΤޤȤ᥹饤ɡ ([2017-09-10-1])#3068. ֽפȱѸˡפΤޤȤ᥹饤ɡ ([2017-09-20-1])#3089. ֥ꥫΩȱѸפΤޤȤ᥹饤ɡ ([2017-10-11-1]) ⤴

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2017-10-22 Sun

#3100. 󥰥ɽפˤѸϰ̤θ¦ [reformation][book_of_common_prayer][bible][celtic][linguistic_imperialism][emode]

#2927. סѡѸϰ̤θ ([2017-05-02-1])#2937. סѡѸϰ̤θ (2) ([2017-05-12-1])#3066. פȼΨ ([2017-09-18-1]) ϤȤ reformation ΤĤεǡ16Υ󥰥ɽפѸϰ̤夵ˤĤƹͤƤפˡפʤ͡ˤȤäơŪʸҤäƥŨǤꡤषѸɥĸʤɳơ (vernaculars) Ż뤵٤Ȥʷϵ줿16ˤĤǤ줿αꡤ1549ǯ Thomas Crammer ˤ The Book of Common Prayer ʱѸ쵧ˤԻꡤפ줿Ѹϰ̤Τ˹׸ʡ#1427. פʱ˴ؤǯɽ ([2013-03-24-1])#1472. ͥ󥹴θŪ ([2013-05-08-1])#2597. Book of Common Prayer (1549) ([2016-06-06-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
Τ褦ʱѸϰ̤θϡѸȤ륤󥰥ɤ¿ο͡ˤȤäƤϯä󥰥ɤμǥȤθ졦ʸݤäƤɤˤȤäƤɬϯǤϤʤä (70) ϡդλ˿ʤ齡פȱѸϰ̤θˤĤƤ롥

ϥ󥰥ɤնϰˤɤΤ褦ˤƽפդ뤫Ȥ礭ȤäƤɥɼνפϡѸǤʤѸ쵧禱ƳȤʤäƤᡤɡ륺󥰥Ǥ⥳󥦥ʤɤαѸȰۤʤ줬ѤƤϰۤɤƳˤϺ񤬤äȹͤ롥
󥰥ζ趵Ǥϥ졼ȡХ֥Ф붵̱δؿѹ⤯礭ʽʪμϤ˿꤬ͤǤۤɤǤäȤȥåοĤˤȤäƺǤפʥƥϡԤ٤ʶ͡ꤵ줿Ǥä̱οĤ̲˸Ȥߤʤ줿ץƥȤϥ衼åѳϤ˸ϸǤοդ뤳Ȥ


դΤϡɡ륺󥦥ʤɤαѸȤʤϰˤƤ⡤Ѹ䵧Ƴ줿ȤǤ롥Ĥޤꡤϰο͡ˤȤäƤߤСפɬָϸǤοդ뤳ȤפʤäΤǤ롥ˤȤäƤϡθ줬ƥ줫ѸإեȤˤǤȤǤϲѲʤä󥰥ɤνפϡΥȷϤο͡ˤȤäơޤˤƥβĤäƤ줿Ԥ⤷ʤ󥰥ɤˤѸβĤ⤿餷ԤǤ⤢ä
(85) ۩֥֥ƥˤ뽡פϡѸȤλѤ򿮶Ĥξǵ̳Ť뤳ȤˤĤʤäᡤθΥȷϽλѾˤ礭ʱƶͿΤȤסѸŪʤϡѸ줬Ȥʤä20--21ͭΤΤǤϤʤ᤯16餽˨꤬줿Ȥ

Τҡؿ⡡ƥ塼īˡ١Ͻн˼2011ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2018-05-13-1] [2017-11-10-1]

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2017-09-20 Wed

#3068. ֽפȱѸˡפΤޤȤ᥹饤 [reformation][renaissance][bible][emode][lexicology][slide][history][link][map][hel_education][asacul]

Ѹˤˤ뽡פΰյˤĤơreformation γƵǹͤƤǤȤơֽפȱѸˡפΤޤȤ᥹饤 (HTML) ɤ  *  *
15礫ʤ륹饤ɤǡܼϰʲ̤ꡥ

1. פȱѸ
2.
3. פȤϡ
4. Ūط
5. 󥰥ɤνפȤð
6. ͥ󥹤Ȥϡ
7. 󥰥ɤˤ뽡פȥͥ󥹤ζ¸
8. ѸʸؤΥѥ
9. ץƥƥγ
10. űѸ츦γ
11. äᤰ
12. Ϣ
13. ޤȤ
14. ʸ
15. 䡧11:1--9 ʡ֥Х٥סˤζḽ8ܿƱ

̤Ρ֤ޤȤ᥹饤ɡפȤơ#3058. ֱѸˤˤ¤ΰյפΤޤȤ᥹饤ɡ ([2017-09-10-1]) ⤴

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2017-09-16 Sat

#3064. Sir John Cheke Υꥷȯ [greek][bible][orthography][spelling_reform][reformation][webster][pronunciation]

ε#3063. Sir John Cheke αѸ ([2017-09-15-1]) Cheke θŪ˾ƤѸ˾塤Cheke ϤΤۤˡֻˤؤäƤ뤳ȤΤƤcf. #1940. 16ֻԤη ([2014-08-19-1])#1939. 16ˡᤰ ([2014-08-18-1])ˡƤ⤦1ġCheke ϥꥷȯˤĤơҲŪʰյȤͭ̾Ǥ롥
ꥷȯäƤϡοʸ Desiderius Erasmus (1466?--1536) Ƶ󼨤ƤΥꥷβɤǤϡۤʤ첻֤ƤƤƱ褦ȯȤäErasmus Ϥ줬ĤƤϰۤʤ첻ɽ路Ƥ˰㤤ʤȿ¬ȯʤΤä Dialogus de recta latini graecique sermonis pronuntiatione (1528) 󼨤
Cheke ŰŪ˸ŵꥷȯ򸦵椷ƤCheke ϡ1540ǯ˥֥åؤΥꥷ춵ȤʤäƤ顤ŪʥꥷȯϸǤȤƲפɬ⤤֥åĹ Stephen Gardiner פä1542ǯ˲ȯؤΤǤ롥ѥǤ Erasmus βȯʸˡΰüפȤƶػߤ줿ȯݻ뤳ȤǸҤꤿ¦Υȥå¤ȯزפ褦ȤȿŪʥץƥȤ򲡤ĤȤޤǤ롥
Gardiner ϲ򶲤ƤΤKnowles (68) Ѥ롥

   It is difficult to believe that Gardiner was threatened by sounds and the study of pronunciation. What did present a threat, and a serious one, was the precise study of texts. This point had been understood by the Lollard translators. The Bible was at this time increasingly proclaimed by reformers as the ultimate authority, and, the more scholarly and accurate the written text, the more effectively it could be used to challenge the traditional oral authority of the church.
   Gardiner was extremely conservative not only in language but also in politics and religion. When, after 1553, Queen Mary sought to return the English church to Rome, Gardiner was her lord chancellor; and in this capacity he played a role in the burning of heretics, and one of his potential victims --- had he not recanted --- was Sir John Cheke. After Gardiner's death in 1555, Cheke published the correspondence between himself and Gardiner under the title Disputationes de pronuntiatione graecae linguae. What is important and perhaps surprising in this story is that the study of pronunciation could be regarded as a political issue.


ѤκǸǻŦƤȤꡤλǤ⤷ΤϡȯλȤ٤꤬ȽˤޤȯŸȤˤƤϡ1뤤1Τ̿äƤȤºݤˤꤦ롥ˤ⤷ˤ
colourcolor Ȥ뤳Ȥʤֻפʤ Noah Webster ⡤Ωꥫؤΰ񿴤˶ợ̿ƤΤǤϤʤä

Knowles, Gerry. A Cultural History of the English Language. London: Arnold, 1997.

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2017-09-15 Fri

#3063. Sir John Cheke αѸ [purism][bible][compounding][wycliffe][inkhorn_term]

Sir John Cheke (1514--57) ϥ֥åؤζꥮꥷֺ¤ν嶵äα͡˻ߤ줿ǤꡤCheke 1550ǯˡ֥ޥפӡ֥ޥ륳פκǽΰκݡ#1410. Ƚ󵢡 ([2013-03-07-1]) ǸȤꡤCheke ϸŪ (purism) Ωꡤˤ괶ΤʤФʣˤѤCheke ϡThe Authorised Version (1611) ٤ƽŪȤФи Tyndale (1525) ⤵˽ŪǤꡤ̤ä14Ⱦ Wycliffe ӤƤʼ񤬤롥ʲˡ֥ޥפꤤĤˤĤӤ褦p. 239ˡ

 ChekeWycliffe (1380)Tyndale (1525)Authorized Version (1611) 
ʥХӥء˰ܤoutpeoplingtransmygraciouncaptivatecarrying awaychap. i. 17
ͽwiseardsastromyenswyse menwise menchap. ii. 16
Ƥ󤫤moonedlunatiklunatykelunatickechap. iv. 24
ߤĤtollerspupplicanspublicanspublicanschap. v. 46
ɴĹhundredercenturiencenturioncenturionchap. viii. 5
frosentapostlisapostlesapostleschap. x. 2
Ȥbiwordesparablissimilitudesparableschap. xiii. 3
freschmanprosiliteư칽ʸproselytechap. xxiii. 15
ͤˤ줿crossedcrucifiedcrucifiedcrucifiedchap. xxvii. 22


Cheke ҤȤΩäʤФʣˤѤƤΤ狼ʣΤ괶ϡűѸ줵ʤǤ롥
ƥ䥮ꥷ줫ξ񤷤Ѹ졤ʤ (inkhorn_term) λˤơθŵΤʸؼ Cheke 줿ѸȤΤ⤷ब Henry VIII Ѥ Edward VI ץƥȲȤưƤۤɤΥץƥȤäȤ⡤αѸȴؤäƤCheke ϿʸȽפƱäƤ16󥰥ɤξ¦̤1ͤθ褦ʿʪäΤǤ롥 (240) ۩Cheke Ϥ郎καؤΤγԤȤʤʤ顤Ʊ˹ˤʤäͤӤ뤳ȤǤ褦ס
Cheke θˡ˴ؤƤ̤ɾ⤢ꤦ롥#2479. ѸθüѤФȿưȤƤθϤɤޤܵä ([2016-02-09-1]) ⻲Ȥ줿Cheke ˤĤƤϡ#1408. ([2013-03-05-1]) ȡ#1709. ױǯɽ ([2013-12-31-1]) Ǥ⿨Ƥ롥

졡رѸˡ١罤ۡ1983ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2017-09-16-1]

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2017-07-02 Sun

#2988. Wycliffe θ [wycliffe][bible][reformation][me_text][literature]

14Ⱦ Wycliffe ʰˤˤϡѹˤˤΤߤʤ餺ѸˤˤƤפʤǤȤǤ롥ƥ츶ŵ鴰ȤƽΤΤǤꡤϤ뤫ꤷֽספΤΤä
Wycliffe ϡˤα褦Ȥθ夬Wyclif's Treatise, De Officio Pastorali (Chapter 15) ˸롥ѸƥȤιɤŬƤսȻפΤǡCrystal (198) ˷ǺܤƤ빻ƥȤѤ褦

Also the worthy reume of Fraunse, notwithstondinge alle lettingis, hath translated the Bible and the Gospels, with othere trewe sentensis of doctours, out of Lateyn into Freynsch. Why shulden not Engliyschemen do so? As lordis of Englond han the Bible in Freynsch, so it were not aghenus resoun that they hadden the same sentense in Engliysch; for thus Goddis lawe wolde be betere knowun, and more trowid, for onehed of wit, and more acord be bitwixe reumes.
   And herfore freris han taught in Englond the Paternoster in Engliysch tunge, as men seyen in the pley of York, and in many othere cuntreys. Sithen the Paternoster is part of Matheus Gospel, as clerkis knowen, why may not al be turnyd to Engliysch trewely, as is this part? Specialy sithen alle Cristen men, lerid and lewid, that shulen be sauyd, moten algatis sue Crist, and knowe His lore and His lif. But the comyns of Engliyschmen knowen it best in ther modir tunge; and thus it were al oon to lette siche knowing of the Gospel and to lette Engliyschmen to sue Crist and come to heuene.


ҤΤǤ롥٤Υե󥹤ǤʤƤǤϤʤޤ󥰥ɽ̱ˤȤäƤ⡤ѸΤۤ򤷤䤹ǤϤʤβ桹ˤȤäƤϼ¤ͳŤ14Υ󥰥ɤǤϡιͤϰüüä
ˡλˤϡŪʰü⤵뤳Ȥʤ顤⾰ʥƥȤɮΤ˱ѸäƤȤȼΤޤΩȤϤʤäƤʤäƱΥ硼ʸؤѸǽ񤤤櫓켫ΰǤꡤ¸äȤͤ롥ˤ뤬ֱѸǽ񤯡פȤ԰٤ǤʤäȤϡΩĽѸǤ⤽ä³ѸǤꡥϢơ#2861. Cursor Mundi ԤѸǽ񤤤ͳ ([2017-02-25-1])#2612. 14˥ե󥹸ǤϤʤѸǽ񤳤Ȥ櫓 ([2016-06-21-1])#1407. Ѹ3Ĥ ([2013-03-04-1])#2580. Ѹιռʳ ([2016-05-20-1]) ⻲Ȥ줿

Crystal, David. The English Language. 2nd ed. London: Penguin, 2002.

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2017-06-08 Thu

#2964. calling ŷ [reformation][german][bible][semantic_borrowing]

Ѹ calling ϡʼĥä쥸ǡŷȡפ̣롥ư call ̾ȤơָƤ֤ȡפθǤϽѸ줫ʸڤ뤬ŷפθ16ȾΤȤǤ롥OED ˤȡθ (8c) Ǥνϰʲ̤ꡥ

c. A profession devoted to the service of God; an office or position within the church. Hence in extended use: any profession or way of life which a person feels called or destined to pursue.
. . . .
1544 R. Tracy Supplycacion to Kynge Henry VIII sig. Bviiiv, As the byshop is ignorante in Godes worde, so he admytteth suche as be vnlerned in Gods worde, evyn suche as by noo possybylite can execute the office of their callinge.


ֿˤ뾤פǤ뤫顤ȷӤĤƤɽǤ뤳Ȥͽۤ롥ºݡ㤨 KJV 1 Cor. 7.20 ˡ"Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called." ȸ롥
ֿˤ뾤פŷפؤΰ̣ѲϡѸ calling Τߤʤ餺ɥĸ Beruf ˤ⸫롥䡤ΤˤСɥĸọ̇ѲбѸ˵ڤȤ٤Ǥ롥Ĥޤꡤΰ̣ (semantic_translation) beroepǥޡ kaldǥ kallelse ƱͤǤ롥
ɥĸϤȤ륲ޥǤΰ̣Ѳϡ16Υ륿ˤ뽡פȴˤƤϹͤʤץƥƥȤ礭ʼҲưȤȼΰ̣ѲζưԤǤ롥ޥåС̾إץƥƥȻܼ (96--97) ꡤBeruf θˤĤƲ⤷սѤ褦˵ǼƤˡ

ơֿ̡ȡפ̣ͥɥĸΡ֥٥롼աסBerufԤȤΤˡޤƱ̣礤ıѸΡ֥󥰡סcallingԤȤΤˤƤˡ뽡Ūʡ餢줿̿ (Aufgabe) ȤǰȤƤꡤġξˤθ򤪤Фۤɡ줬ˤʤäƤ뤳ȤϸȤ̻¤⡤θŪˤĤޤޤʸ̱θˤ錄äɵ椷ƤߤȡޤΤꤦΤϡȥå̤ͥʽ̱²ˤ⡤ޤŵξˤ⡤줬¯Ūʿȡʤϰ̡ϫƯΰȤ̣礤򤳤ƻȤäƤBerufԡŷפȤθĴĤ褦ɽ򸫽ФȤǤʤΤˡץƥȤͥʽ̱²ξˤʤ餺줬¸ߤ롤ȤȤΤꤦΤϡξ粿餫̱²ŪȤС֥ޥ̱²פθȤäΤͿƤΤǤϤʤơषθȤ줬ĸߤΰ̣礤ͳ褷Ƥꡤ⸶ʸǤϤʤԤͳ褷ƤȤȤåǤϡޤ֥٥󡦥ηáס̵ŵΰͤΰĽʰˤǸȤޤäƱ̣ѤƤ褦˻פ롥θޤʤθϡץƥȽ̱²¯ѸΤʤǸߤΰ̣Ĥ褦ˤʤäƤäˤϤ̱²¯Ūʸɤˤ⤳˨ϤޤäǧʤŪʸǤ⡤Τꤦ뤫ꡤɥĿȤΰͤΤۤˤϤǧ뤳ȤǤʤοȤåˤܤƶϼΤΤȤ


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