hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     ڡ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ڡ / page 9 (17)

oe - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2022-01-07 Fri

#4638. űѸɸϤʤä [oe][standardisation][oe_dialect][idiolect]

űѸɸ줬äɤȤˤĤƤϡǤˡ#3260. űѸˤɸಽ ([2018-03-31-1]) #4013. ָűѸɸפβ ([2020-04-22-1]) ǹͻƤŪˤϡָűѸɸ ("Standard Old English") ϡGneuss αƶϤΤʸ˴ŤȤǧƤаޤ롥ǯθǤϸűѸˤŪɸϵǤȲᤵ褦ˤʤäƤ롥
Ѽ郎ɸǤȸȤɤΤ褦ʴǤΤ褦˸ΤȤΤ Haugen ɸಽǥǤ롥ܥ֥Ǥ#2742. Haugen θɸಽ4ʳ ([2016-10-29-1]) #2745. Haugen θɸಽ4ʳ (2) ([2016-11-01-1]) Ǽ夲Ƥʤ Selection, Codification, Elaboration of function, Acceptance 4Ѽ盧äɸȤ櫓Ǥ롥
Haugen δ˽¤ꡤŪˡָűѸɸפȸƤȥ뤤 Ælfric θĿ͸ (idiolect) ϡɸȤǧǤʤɸݤΤȤϲǽ⤷ʤɸ줽ΤΤǤϤʤHogg (401) ⤳ŦƤ롥

No matter how much we modify Haugen's criteria to accommodate a different age, it is difficult to see how we can describe Ælfrician Old English as a standard language. This is not to deny the validity of Gneuss's remarks in general, but it does seem as if he misunderstood their import. There is a viable alternative. This is to claim, following Smith (1996: 65--7), that we are dealing, in the case of Ælfric, with a focused language, rather than a standard language. the mark of a focused language is that rather than having fixed, codified forms, it contains a small amount of internal variation and as such it attract other varieties which have further variations of their own. But these other varieties then tend to adopt at least some of the forms of the focused and more prestigious language.


űѸˡɸפϤʤääΤϡ־줿 (focused) ѼˤʤȤȤǤ롥
Ϣơ#4014. ȥȸȥδط ([2020-04-23-1]) ⻲ȡɸಽε̤ˤĤƤϤ standardisation ɤ

Gneuss, H. "The Origin of Standard Old English and Æthelwold's School at Winchester." Anglo-Saxon England 1 (1972): 453--58.
Hogg, Richard. "Old English Dialectology." Chapter 16 of The Handbook of the History of English. Ed. Ans van Kemenade and Bettelou Los. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006. 395--416.
Smith, Jeremy J. An Historical Study of English: Function, Form and Change. London: Routledge, 1996.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-11-27 Sat

#4597. űѸ6Ĥΰۤʤ硧SVO, SOV, OSV, OVS, VSO, VOS [word_order][oe][syntax]

(S)ư (V)Ū (O) 3ĤǤȤ߹碌ͤȤѸˤƤ SVO §ѸˤˤƤ¾θ⸫줿ȤˤĤƤϡ#132. űѸ줫Ѹؤθȯã ([2009-09-06-1])#4385. Ѹ줬Τ SV θäȻפäƤޤ󤫡 ([2021-04-29-1]) ʤɤεǼ夲ƤʴϢ뵭ؤΥ󥯽ȤƤϡ#4527. ѸθˤѤǤͤҲ ([2021-09-18-1]) ⤴ˡ
ơűѸˤƤ S, V, O 3ǤˤĤŪ˹ͤ뤹٤Ƥθ礬ºݤ˳ǧ롥SVO, SOV, OSV, OVS, VSO, VOS 6ĤMolencki (295--96) ꡤơʸ1Ĥĵ󤲤褦

SVO: Mathathias ofsloh hine sona 'Mathathias killed him soon' (ÆLS [Maccabees] 224)
SOV: Gregorius hine afligde 'Gregory him expelled' (ÆCHom i.22.624)
OSV: Fela Godes wundra we habbað gehyred 'many God's wonders we have heard' (ÆCHom i.578.28)
OVS: hiene ofslog an efor 'him killed a wild boar' (ChronA 885)
VSO: Ða fregn he mec hwæðer ic wiste hwa ðæt wære 'then asked he me whether I knew who that were-SUBJ' (Bede 402.13)
VOS: ða andswarudon him sume þara bocera 'then answered him some of the scribes' (Lk [WSCp] 20.30)

S, V, O 3ǤθܤƤ뤬ˤϥޥˤ "verb second" θ絬§̩ܤǤꡤ뵬§μ֤ϤäʣǤ롥űѸ줬ѸΤ褦ʥθää櫓ǤϤʤȤϡʸ餫

Molencki, Rafał. "Old English: Syntax." Chapter 19 of English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook. 2 vols. Ed. Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2012. 294--313.

Referrer (Inside): [2024-08-11-1] [2022-06-11-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-10-27 Wed

#4566. heldio ǸűѸȸűѸû˾Ҳ𤷤Ƥޤ10ʬ2 [notice][hel_education][oe][heldio][link][masanyan]

Ⱥ2֡ Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ǸűѸʴˤĶϤƤޤ10ʬ2ûΤǤαѸΤäƤ뤱ɤŤѸϤޤäơȤ¿˸ơűѸȤϤɤʻʤΤűѸȤϤɤʸʤΤˤĤơ٤ꤷƤޤ



ָűѸäƤɤʻ塩ǤϡѸλϤޤ꤫⤭ơѸˤλʬƸűѸȤ5?12Υ󥰥ɤˤĤơ­Ȥꤴޤ
̡űѸ٤ΤޤˤȡűѸäƤɤʸ졩ǤϡܽθűѸ YouTuber Ǥޤˤȥեޥ̤̤ơűѸȤħҲ𤷤ޤ
ʤߤˡǶޤˤ֤ޤˤͥˤơ꡼űѸŪŸƤޤ heldio ̤ϸűѸĶΤߤǽäƤޤΤǡؿäϤűѸǶŪʸűѸ˥ƥȤ˿ƤߤƤʤܥ֥Ǥ1ǯȾۤˡ#4005. 饤Ρ֤ޤˤͥ --- Ѹˤδñؤ֡ ([2020-04-14-1]) ǾҲ𤷤Ƥޤ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-08-18-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-10-12 Tue

#4551. 19 Beowulf βͤƭͳ [beowulf][oe][literature][language_myth][manuscript][history][reformation][philology][linguistic_imperialism][oed]

#4541. ƼȤ줿 Beowulf ܤΡֻȤӡס ([2021-10-02-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡBeowulf ܤȤΥƥȤϡ"myth of the longevity of English" ϽФΩΤ˹׸ƤʸŪʺ˴Ťơ򵪸700ǯȿꤹ뤳ȤˤꡤѸȱʸؤŪȱӤ뤳Ȥˤʤä⡤ʸŪ˳Ĵι⤤ȤäƤϡäƤĤȤʤ롥
Beowulf βͤƭΡֿáפ줿Τϡ19äȤդɬפǤ롥ʤλäΤʤ㤨Х󥰥ؤϤޤä16ʤɤǤϤʤäΤWatts (52) ϡ줬19ŪʸݤǤ뤳Ȥ򼡤Τ褦Ƥ롥

As a whole the longevity of English myth, consisting of the ancient language myth and the unbroken tradition myth, was a nineteenth-century phenomenon that lasted almost till the end of the twentieth century. The need to establish a linguistic pedigree for English was an important discourse archive within the framework of the growth of the nation-state and the Age of Imperialism. In the face of competition from other European languages, particularly French, it was perhaps necessary to construct English as a Kultursprache, and one way to do this was to trace English to its earliest texts.


üŪˤСꥹϡꥹΰҿгŪ˷뤿ˡξħǤѸȤ줬Ĺͭ뤳Ȥ򡤺äƼɬפäȤȤŪ§ΩӤ OED Ի⡤19ʸ̮ΤʤǤȤ館ɬפcf. #3020. οҤȤƤӸ (1) ([2017-08-03-1])#3021. οҤȤƤӸ (2) ([2017-08-04-1])#3376. οҤȤƤαѸʸء ([2018-07-25-1]
16ˤϡˤޤΤ褦ưŤ¸ߤƤʤä16Υ󥰥ɤˤ̤δؿäϡإ꡼7ˤäƳ줿ФΥƥ塼ī򤤤˸ҤŤ뤫ƥإ꡼8ˤäΩ줿ѹ񶵲򤤤뤫ȤȤäŪΤˡΥޥīŤ󥰥ˡꥹȶʸŵˡΧѸȤǽ񤫤ƤȤŪ¤Ѥ뤳Ȥˤʤäƥ塼īϤȤ櫓פɤ֤ƤǤ뤫顤ŪʥƥȤΰˤϿŤäBeowulf Τ褦̱²ΥƥȤˤϡŪˤäƤۤɤδؿʤäȤ櫓Watts (52) ϼΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

The dominant discourse archive at this particular moment of conjunctural time [= the sixteenth century] was religious. It was the struggle to assert Protestantism after the break with the Church of Rome that determined the focus on religious, legal, constitutional and historical texts of the Anglo-Saxon era. The Counter-Reformation in the seventeenth century sustained this dominant discourse and relegated interest in the longevity of the language and the poetic value of texts like Beowulf till a much later period.


Watts, Richard J. Language Myths and the History of English. Oxford: OUP, 2011.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-10-02 Sat

#4541. ƼȤ줿 Beowulf ܤΡֻȤӡ [beowulf][oe][literature][language_myth][manuscript]

1731ǯ1023ȥߥ󥹥ΥСʥࡦϥл˸줿˼ǼƤåȥ¢ (Cottonian Library) ƤɤƼȤ줿żܤΤʤ˸űѸν Beowulf ΥƥȤ᤿ܤäˤĤ Watts (29) Τ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

The loss of Beowulf would have meant the loss of the greatest literary work and one of the most puzzling and enigmatic texts produced during the Anglo-Saxon period.


ˡʸ΢֤бʸؤɽǤʺʤŪˤлߤ줿ȤݤʸǤ롥ʸؼԤѸ˳ؼԤʤ餺Ȥ⡤ۤȤɤο͡μܤüȤˤ褫äȻפ
ָοáפβΤ⤯ Watts ιͤϰۤʤ롥Ƽۤ褫äȼĥ櫓ǤϷ褷ƤʤäȤ˼Τ褦ʸϤ³Τ

But it would also have made one of the most powerful linguistic myths focusing on the English language, the myth of the longevity of English, immeasurably more difficult to construct. This is not because other Anglo-Saxon texts have not come down to us; it is, rather, because of the perceived literary and linguistic value of Beowulf. To construct the longevity myth one needs to locate such texts, and the further back in time they can be located, the "older" the language becomes and the greater is the "cultural" significance that can be associated with that language.


Watts μĥϡƼȤ줿 Beowulf ܤϡѸ˴ؤǤ⶯ϤʿáʤֱѸĹáפϽФΩΤѤƤȤȤBeowulf ܤĤäȤˤֱѸˤΤʸǤפȸ䤹ʤäȤ櫓
Beowulf ܤĤäΤ϶Ǥ롥̤ê¸ƤƼƤ⤷ʤơ⤷ƤƤޤäƤʤСʸؤѸϤۤˤʤȤˤʤꡤۤɰǤʤʤʸؤѸ̤ΡפõʤФʤʤä˰㤤ʤ
θϡʸؤѸ줬礫ǤʤϲлεڤϰϤȤ˰¸ƤꡤɬŪˡ뤤ܼŪ˰ʤ櫓ǤϤʤȤƶˤĤʤ롥줬Watts äβΤˤäƹԤʤȤƤ뤳ȤʤΤ

Watts, Richard J. Language Myths and the History of English. Oxford: OUP, 2011.

Referrer (Inside): [2021-10-12-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-09-30 Thu

#4539. 󥰥̾ι [onomastics][personal_name][anglo-saxon][oe]

űѸΥ󥰥̾ιϡޥ췲ΰ仺ѤΤǤ롥űѸ̾ñ줬̾ǤȤƤѤ뤬1Ǥʤ (monothematic) ȡ2Ǥʤ (dithematic) 롥Ԥ Hengest (stallion), Frōd (wise), Hild (battle), Bēage (ring) ʤɤɽ뤬Ū¿ΤϸԤǤ롥2ǤȤ߹碌뤳Ȥˤۤʤ̻̾Ǥ뤫
Ǥμ˴ؤ¤ꡤ1 (prototheme) Τۤ2 (deuterotheme) ¿̾줫ƻ줬ǤȤʤ뤬ˤϰ̣Ūʷǧ롥פʥפ󤲤褦 (Coates (319--20))

°Ĥɽ魯: Swæf- (Swabian), þēod- (nation)
ŪƻŪʡϡפ˴ؤ: Beald-/-beald (brave), Weald-/-weald (power), Beorht-/-beorht (bright), Æðel- (noble), Cūð- (famous), -mǣr (famous)
Τ˴ؤ: Hild-/-hild (battle), Wīg-/-wīg (battle), -brord (spear), -gār (pear), Beorn- (warrior), Wulf-/-wulf (wolf; warrior), Here-/-here (army), Sige-/-sige (victory), Ēad- (prosperity, treasure); Rǣd-/-rǣd (counsel), Burg-/-burg (pledge), Mund-/-mund (hand; protection), -helm (protection; helmet)
ʿ¤˴ؤ: Friðu-/-frið (peace), Lēof- (dear), Wine-/-wine (friend)
ŪʤΡ󥭥ꥹȶ: Ōs- (deity), Ælf- (elf), Rūn-/-rūn (secret, mystery)
¾: -stān (stone), Eorp- (red), Ēast- (east)

Ǥϥ󥰥ʸΥɤȤƤߤ뤳ȤǤ

Coates, Richard. "Names." Chapter 6 of A History of the English Language. Ed. Richard Hogg and David Denison. Cambridge: CUP, 2006. 312--51.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-07-13 Tue

#4460. űѸ첻ξˤĤĹϼܤˤϤʤΤ [manuscript][oe][punctuation][vowel][spelling][palatalisation][alphabet]

ε#4459. ʤ drive βʬ driven ϥɥ饤ǤϤʤɥʤΡ ([2021-07-12-1]) ϤȤơܥ֥ǤϸűѸθѤ뤳Ȥ¿κݤĹ첻򼨤Τ첻ξ macron ȸƤФ벣ĹˤդȤ¿ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, ȳ ǡǤ롥ǤСѸ drove бűѸη֤ drāf äȤ˿줿ǤĹ첻Ǥ뤳Ȥ򼨤Τ ā ɽѤƤ롥
դ٤ϡ macron դɽϡޤǸθűѸؽԤصΤ˸ԼԤդѤˤºݤθűѸμܤˤϤޤäʤäȤȤǤ롥macron ˸¤餺θűѸܤʤɤ˰Ƥζ (punctuation) ϡűѸؼԤΤԼԤѸݤäƤƤΤǤ뤳Ȥ¿ºݤμܤΩäƤߤȡΤ褦ϤʤȤȤʤʤĤޤꡤꤿ褦ʡäΤ褦äʤΤǤ롥ΤȤŪ˽Ҥ٤Ƥʤȡ¿θűѸؽԤ򤷤Ƥޤ
ŪˤСűѸϸѸ٤ơֻȯδطȥ졼ȤǤ롥Ѹ knight, through, climb /naɪt/, /θruː/, /claɪm/ ɤळȤϳؽʤ¤񤷤бűѸ cniht, þurh, climban /kniçt/, /θurx/, /clɪmban/ ɤळȤŪ䤹űѸϡѸˤȯֻЪΥ (spelling_pronunciation_gap) ꤫餪褽ȤƤȰŪ˸롥
űѸˤȯֻΰספɾƤϤʤΤˡ֥޻̤ɤФ褤פȤ§Ǥ褽ޤΤΡ#17. դ٤űѸ֤ȯ ([2009-05-15-1]) ǽҤ٤褦ˡȯֻɬ11ˤʤʤΤ⤢롥<f, s, þ, ð> ϡŪˤϤ줾̵ͭ (/f, v, s, z, θ, ð/) 뤷<c> <g> ˤ𲻡ʸˤȹŲ롥ԤˤĤƤϡǤ𲻤 /ʧ/, /j/ ϳơ <ċ>, <ġ> ɽ뤳Ȥ¿űѸǤ⡤ȯֻ줤11ˤʤäƤʤϡΤǤ롥
κǤΤ첻ĹûǤ롥ѸˤˤƤϡűѸ줫鸽Ѹ˻ޤǡ첻ĹûϾ˽פʶ̤Ǥ³Ƥ㤨к夲 drive (OE drīfan) ǤСû첻 drifen ǤвʬǤꡤĹ첻 drīfen Ǥ³ˡʣߤȤ "we/you/they may drive" ۤɤɽ路Τǡ첻Ĺụ̂ǽ礭㤨ΤǤ롥¸ܤˤƤ macron ʤɤʤ <drifen> ֤ƤȤ˵Ĥ
θ¤ˤơűѸ⸽ѸƱֻͤȯϤưפƤʤäȤ⤤ΤǤ롥٤ȤʤСΤ˸űѸϸѸϥޥäűѸˤȯֻϡȤ櫓첻Ĺû˴ؤƤСΤΤäΤǤ롥ϡѸˤˤƤФиƨƤ˽פʻ¤ȹͤƤ롥
Ϣơ#1826. ޻첻ĹûľܼȤǤʤ ([2014-04-27-1])#2092. ե٥åȤ첻ľɽ魯Τ ([2015-01-18-1])#2887. Ϣ3֤ʤѸ첻ɽΤʤΤס ([2017-03-23-1])#3954. 첻Ĺûʬ褦ȤѸο ([2020-02-23-1]) 򻲾ȡ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-06-21 Mon

#4438. űѸ첻η [oe][vowel][monophthong][diphthong][phonetics][phonology][phoneme]

űѸ첻ʣηϤʤƤû첻Ĺ첻û2첻Ĺ2첻η󤬤ꡤűѸȾλˤäƤˤäƤ첻μȿϰۤʤäƤᡤűѸ첻ʲǡ˰ȤǤ롥ޤĹ2첻ηˤäɤäơ#3955. űѸ "digraph controversy" ([2020-02-24-1])#3964. űѸ "digraph controversy" (2) ([2020-03-04-1]) Ǥߤ褦ʷ㤷⤢ꡤǤϤʤ
Ǥ Prins (51--52) ˰͵򤷤ơűѸθȥ첻ηϤ򼨤Ȥˤ롥

Short Vowels
iüu
eö ( e )o
æ, a
Long Vowels
i:ü:u:
e:ö: ( e: )o:
æ:
ɑ:
Short Diphthongs
ie( i )
eo
ea
Long Diphthongs
i:e( ü )
e:o
e:a


Ƥ٤ϡ

(1) û첻 ö Ĺ첻 ö ϡ߿
(2) û첻 æ a Ʊ첻Ǥΰְ۲Ĺ첻 æ: ɑ: ϰۤʤ벻ǤǤ
(3) û2첻 ie ϡ i Ѳ
(4) Ĺ2첻 i:e ϡ ü: Ѳ

Ȥʤ롥
ƼѲ첻ηϤˤƷ󤴤Ȥ˲Ǥȡû첻6ǡĹ첻7ǡû2첻2ǡĹ2첻2ǤȤʤꡤʤѤäƤ17Ĥ첻ǤäȤˤʤ롥Ѹ첻Ǥ20ĤۤɤʣűѸ餱Ƥʤcf. #1021. ѸܸβǤμȿ ([2012-02-12-1])#1601. Ѹܸ첻ΰӡ ([2013-09-14-1])ˡѸǤʣ¤줿ΤΤȤƤߤˤ̤ƱѸ첻ηϤϹäƤȤäƤ褤

Prins, A. A. A History of English Phonemes. 2nd ed. Leiden: Leiden UP, 1974.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-05-08 Sat

#4394. ֵ2פαѸ [khelf_hel_intro_2021][etymology][comparative_linguistics][indo-european][oe][lexicology][loan_word][germanic][italic][latin][french][edd][grimms_law][etymological_respelling][lexicology][semantic_field]

²Ǥϡֵפȡ2פ̩ܤʴطˤޤܸǤ󿴤򤤤סʡʿġˤȤ褦ˡ2Ĥδ֤ɤưɽݤˡ2פؤäƤȤΤǤ뵤ޤǤξԤδطϤϤ뤫ǻ̩ǡäΥ٥ηŪ˸߲ƤΤǤ
ֱѸƳ2021Τر줿ֵϤĤ 2 ġϡλ¤ˤĤӸؤδܺ٤˲⤷ƥĤǤӸؤ츻˴ؿΤɼԤˤȤäơ˳ڤƤȤʤäƤޤ
嵭ƥɤСθäΤʤˡֵפȡ2פǻ̩ʴط򸫽ФȤǤޤǵ䤬ͯޤʤ²ΰǤѸθäˤϡΤ褦ʴطۤȤɸʤΤǤ礦ƥĤ1ˡΤ褦ˤޤ

ɸŪʱѸˤϥޥΡ2ͳΡֵפ̣ñϻĤäƤʤEnglish Dialect Dictionary Online ˤХ󥰥Υåեɥ㡼٤Υåץ㡼 tweag/tweagle ֵǡפȤñ줬ĤäƤ롥


ǸΡĤäƤפ˥ҥȤޤƥǤ⿨ƤȤꡤŤϱѸˤɥĸ¾ΥޥΤ褦 "two" ˤȤŤֵפδϢ줬̤¸ߤΤǤűѸ켭򳫤ȡäȼΤ褦ʸФ򸫤Ĥ뤳ȤǤޤ

twēo "doubt, ambiguity"
twēogende "doubting"
twēogendlic "doubtful, uncertain"
twēolic "doubtful, ambiguous, equivocal"
twēon "to doubt, hesitate"
twēonian "to doubt, be uncertain, hesitate"
twēonigend, twēoniendlic "doubtful, expressing doubt"
twēonigendlīce "perhaps"
twēonol "doubtful"
twīendlīce "doubtingly"

ΤĤϽѸޤѤƤޤθ塤٤ƻ¾ѤȤʤäƤޤͳϡ1066ǯΥΥޥ;ȤǡȵŪˤƱǤƥե󥹸줫μѸˡä֤ƤޤäǤޥŪ "two" 󤫤饤åŪ "duo" ء줤äѤñۤȤ櫓Ǥ/t/ /d/ δطˤĤƤˡ§ (grimms_law) 򻲾ȡˡѸǡֵ2פ򼨤󤲤Ƥߤȡ

doubt, doubtable, doubtful, doubting, doubtingly, dubiety, dubious, dubitate, dubitation, dubitative, indubitably


ʤɡˤ٤ /d/ ǻϤޤ륤åϼѸǤΤʤ dubious Τ褦ֻ <b> ̤ /b/ ȯ륱ȡdoubt Τ褦 <b> ȯʤʤ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling)ˤߤƤΤѸŪˤϤ⤷Ǥ (cf. #3333. ʤ doubt ֻˤȯʤ b Τ ([2018-06-12-1]
Τ褦˥ޥϤθűѸñ줬Ѹʹߤ˥åϤμѸ֤줿ȤΤϡѸ˾Ϥդ줿ݤǤΥ⤷ΤϡñȯǤ֤ǤϤʤϢ줬ä֤줿ȤǤŪˤϤؤ̣ݤȹͤƤޤ (cf. #648. űѸθäѸ ([2011-02-04-1]
ƸѸǤ "two" ǡֵ2פɽ魯ϤۤȤɸʤʤäΤǤǸ1ĤοѤɽȤ be in/of two minds about sb/sth (= to be unable to decide what you think about sb/sth, or whether to do sth or not) Ҳ𤷤Ƥޤ礦ʸȤ I was in two minds about the book. (= I didn't know if I liked it or not) ʤɡ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-05-06 Thu

#4392. work ergonomics [oe][semantic_change][etymology][combining_form][greek][blend][tower_of_babel][khelf_hel_intro_2021]

ѥʤɤŻüˤĤˤʤ꤬ʥƥʹ֤ȵȤդ礤Ƥʹֹ (ergonomics) 䤬˹ޤäƤ롥ɴʻŵ2ǡ٤ˤСʹֹؤȤϡֿʹ֤οŪṲ̄ߤơʤɤʹ֤³Ŭ礹롤ʤĤ褦˲Ϥ뤿βʳؤ򤤤סѸ ergonomics ȤƤϡOALD8 "the study of working conditions, especially the design of equipment and furniture, in order to help people work more efficiently" ʬ䤹ꥫʼﻺȤ衼åѤϫƯʳؤʸ̮ȯãؽʬǡOED ˤ1950ǯʬ̾ȤƽФƤ롥

1950 Lancet 1 Apr. 645/2 In July, 1949, a group of people decided to form a new society for which the name the 'Ergonomics Research Society' has now been adopted.


츻ϡֻŻפ̣Ϣ ergo- ˡַкѡפ̣ economics 3ʹߤݤ碌Τǡ1κ (blend) Ǥ롥Ϣ ergo- ϥꥷ̾ érgon ʻŻˤͳ褷¾ˤƥ𤷤 energy -ergy ʤɤ򶡵뤷Ƥ롥ʹֹؤ⥨ͥ륮⡤ΤˡֻŻפ˴ؤ뤳Ȥ
érgon 򤵤̤Ȱĸ *werg- to do) Ȥ캬ˤɤĤơϱѸ work θ츻Ǥ⤢ΤĸűѸʳǤϡθ캬ư濴Ụ̄ϡֻŻ롤ƯפȤֺ롤Ԥʤפ˶ᤤΤä̤θ򤹤СΤ뤳ȡԤʤȤʤŻäΤ
űѸ wyrchen (to work) βʬϤ줾 worhte, ġeworht ä15ˤ구§ worked ߤ˻롥Ť֤DzžФĤ wrought ȤƸѸ˻ĤäƤ롥a highly wrought decoration ʤ˺줿ʡˤΤ褦ѤֺפθŤ¸ƤΤʬ롥ޤ#2117. playwright ([2015-02-12-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡֺפ̣԰ټ̾ wright ⡤űѸƱ캬̾ͳ褹롥
ֱѸƳ2021Τ˺رˤɽ줿ƥĤָűѸƯ --- wyrcan ¿ ---Ǥ롥ɤǡƯȤȤˤĤƺٹͤƤߤ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-05-04 Tue

#4390. ¸űѻμ --- ʤʤפ1 [oe][poetry][literature][manuscript][alliteration][anglo-saxon][oe_text][hel_education][khelf_hel_intro_2021]

űѸλ (Old English poetry) ϡ¸ƥȤ碌3ԤۤɤΥѥȤʤűѸʸؤνפʹǤǤ롥űѻΡ1ԡפϡȾԡܵٻߡȾԡפʤꡤ٤ʱΧ§Ȥ櫓ޥŪƬ (alliteration) ħŤ롥
¸űѻȾϰʲ4ĤμܤäƤꡤ¾ΤΤޤ᤿űѻΤۤȤɤ6ʤ The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records (=ASPR) ˼Ƥ롥

The Bodleian manuscript Junius II (ASPR I): Genesis, Exodus, Daniel, Christ and Stan ʤɤ
The Vercelli Book, capitolare CXVII (ASPR II): The Dream of the RoomAndreas Elene ʤɤ
The Exeter Book (ASPR III) (ASPR III): Guthlac Juliana ⶵThe Wanderer, The Seafarer, The Ruin, The Wife's Lament, The Husband's Message, riddles ʤʤʤˤʤɤ
The British Library Cotton Vitellius A.xv (ASPR IV): Judith, Beowulf ʤɤ

Mitchell (75) ˤСűѻʬहȼ8ब̤롥

1. Poems treating Heroic Subjects
   Beowulf. Deor. The Battle of Finnsburgh. Waldere. Widsith.
2. Historic Poems
   The Battle of Brunanburh. The Battle of Maldon.
3. Biblical Paraphrases and Reworkings of Biblical Subjects
   The Metrical Psalms. The poems of the Junius MS; note especially Genesis B and Exodus. Christ. Judith.
4. Lives of the Saints
   Andreas. Elene. Guthlac. Juliana.
5. Other Religious Poems
   Note especially The Dream of the Rood and the allegorical poems --- The Phoenix, The Panther, and The Whale.
6. Short Elegies and Lyrics
   The Wife's Lament. The Husband's Message. The Ruin. The Wanderer. The Seafarer. Wulf and Eadwacer. Deor might be included here as well as under 1 above.
7. Riddles and Gnomic Verse
8. Miscellaneous
   Charms. The Runic Poem. The Riming Poem.


ǤΩʤ֤Ťʤ⡤7 "Riddles" ʤʤʤˤȤȤͷ (word_play) ޤޤƤ뤳ȤܤźθʸˤơʤʤϾ˿͵롥űѸˤ⤽Τ褦ʸͷӤäűѸǤΤʤʤƤȤƤϤ褽ƥΥǥ˴ŤƤȤ뤬űѸäΥꥺശȡƴ㤤褦ʤɤջȤ̯̣臘ȡʤʤ˺ʤ
10ȾμܤǤ The Exeter Book ˼ϿƤ "Anglo-Saxon Riddles" ϡ95Τʤʤʤ롥1ĤűѸ츶ʸƤߤȻפűѸԴ¿ˤȤäƸʸΤΤ򼨤Ƥ⸷ǡֱѸƳ2021Τرɽ줿ƥָűѸᶵʤʤ礹űѸɲᤷ¾塤űѻֵȤ٤ƤˤʤäƤ롥

Mitchell, Bruce. An Invitation to Old English and Anglo-Saxon England. Blackwell: Malden, MA, 1995.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-04-29 Thu

#4385. Ѹ줬Τ SV θäȻפäƤޤ󤫡 [oe][bible][tower_of_babel][popular_passage][word_order][syntax][khelf_hel_intro_2021]

ɸϡϥåŪǤ뤳Ȥǧʤ⡤ѸŪˤϿ˹ͤƤơޤǤ
̤ʸʿʸˤ˴ؤ¤ꡤѸˤ̤Ƽ (S) ư (V) Ȥ SV 礬ͥäȤϴְ㤤ޤ󡥸ߡܴۤ SV ǸǤޤäƤȤäƤ褤Ǥ礦ǯۤθűѸˤƤƱͤ SV ܴۤʤǥեȸäȤ뤫Ȥȡɬ⤽ǤϤޤVS 礬ޤ޸줿Ǥ
ֱܲѸƳ2021ʹǤرˤɽ줿ƥĤϤդŪ˰äƤޤֱѸθ SV ǤϤʤä
ΥƥǤϡ1֤ۤΡ#4378. űѸؤ褦 --- ֥Х٥פθűѸǤ ([2021-04-22-1]) Ǥ夲줿֥Х٥פθűѸǡѸǡѸǡѸǤѤ̻ŪӤʤƤޤ (cf. #2929. 11:1--9 ʡ֥Х٥סˤ7ɤ١ ([2017-05-04-1])ˡƻǤΡ֥Х٥פΤ˴ؤơʸθǫӤΤǤη̡ŤǤФۤ VS 礬иƤ뤳ȤǧޤŤȤơʿʸδܸ礬 SV äȤϳΤʤΤǤޥΥƥʤ VS ǽäΤǤ
λ¤¿αѸؽԤˤȤäƾ׷ŪǤϤʤǤ礦Ѹδܸ SV ǤȤޤƤϤǤͤƤߤиѸˤŪȤϤ Here comes (V) the train (S). In no other part of the world is (V) more tea (S) consumed than in Britain. Τ褦ˡ礬ʸƬ˸ʿʸˤƸ礬 VS Ȥʤ¸ߤޤ
嵭鲿Ǥ礦Υƥˤ̤ꡤѸΡʸפȤ8ʸ5ʸʤ͡ʬबޤ꼰줿ˤ̤ƸǤޤäƤΤǤꡤŤϤäȼͳ٤⤫äȤȤǤʿʸǤ SV ʤ VS ٤¸ߴ򼨤Ƥ夬ꡤԤ;ϸѸˤŪʤĤäƤȤפǤ
ˤˤƤϡȤŪʹܤǤ顤Ѳ뤳ȤȤȤǤ䤬Ƥλ¤ΤäΤΤȤäǤ礦ȴˤʤޤ
οܤϰǤϤ˱ơޤǤñ˷ŪˤȤɤޤ餺ꥺ¤ʤ͡ʴͻ٤ŪʤΤǤ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-04-22 Thu

#4378. űѸؤ褦 --- ֥Х٥פθűѸǤ [oe][etymology][bible][tower_of_babel][popular_passage][hel_education][khelf_hel_intro_2021]

ؤǤϡѸˤƳȤΤۤ˸űѸ (Old English) ƳȤⳫ֤Ƥ롥ǯٽ4ˤϡĤ䤿©ɬʹƤ롥ޤǤäѤ鸽ѸܤƤˤȤäơűѸȤϤޤ˰ۼ˱Ǥꡤ¾忷ʳؤӻϤΤƱȤʬäƤޤ
֤äƾĴƤȡΤˤʤۤʤ뤱ɤƱѸȤФʤȤռƤ褦ä˸äΥ٥ǡűѸν鸫θȸѸδΤθ줬ӤĤȤиĤޤ츻Τ̥Ϥ٤̣臘ȡűѸ줬ȶ˴ƤΤȻפ
θűѸܥ֥ǤäƳƤߤ֥Х٥פΤθűѸʲ˼

Wæs þā ān gereord on eorþan, and heora ealre ān sprǣc. Hī fērdon fram ēastdēle oð þæt hī cōmon tō ānum felde on þām lande Sennar, and þēr wunedon. Ðā cwǣdon hī him betwȳnan, “Vton wyrcean ūs tigelan and ǣlan hī on fȳre.” Witodlīce hī hæfdon tigelan for stān and tyrwan for weall-līm. And cwǣdon, “Cumað and utan wircan ūs āne burh and ǣnne stȳpel swā hēahne ðæt his rōf ātille þā heofonan, and uton mǣrsian ūrne namon, ǣr þan wē bēon tōdǣlede tō eallum landum.” God þā nyþer āstāh, þæt hē gesēga þā burh and þone stȳpel þe Adames sunus getimbroden. God cwæð þā, “Efne þis his ān folc and gereord him ealum, and hī ongunnon þis tō wircenne; ne hī ne geswīcað heora geþōhta, ǣr þan þe hī mid weorce hī gefyllan. Cumað nū eornostlīce and uton niþer āstīgan and heora gereord þēr tōwendon, þæt heora nān ne tōcnāwe his nēxtan stemne.” And God þā hī tōdǣlde swā of þǣre stōwe tō eallum landum, and hī geswicon tō wyrcenne þā buruh. And for þī wæs sēo burh gehāten Babel, for þan þe ðǣr wæs tōdǣled þæt gereord ealre eorþan. God þā hī sende þanon ofer brādnesse ealra eorðan.


Ǥϥץ󥫥ץȻפΤǡ#2929. 11:1--9 ʡ֥Х٥סˤ7ɤ١ ([2017-05-04-1]) Ƥۤʾ嵭űѸǤ⤳ε (1) ƷǤΡˡϱѸˤΰۤʤʳDz٤ѸƤΤǡ̻ŪӤǽʤΤǤ롥ѸǤǫӤСűѸǤȤбطä⤫Ӿ夬äƤϤ
űѸǤȸѸǤθå٥ǤбˤĤơֱѸƳ2021Τ˱ֿȶʸűѸ5ȤƥĤƤ줿֤Ǽ fērdon, wyrcean/wircan/wyrcenne, burh, getimbroden, tōdǣlede/tōdǣlde 5θ夲Ѹʤɥĸˤ˰Ĥʤ⤷ƤƤ롥űѸƳȤɤ

Referrer (Inside): [2021-04-29-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2021-03-20 Sat

#4345. űѸޤǤθʬȯã [oe][germanic][indo-european][etymology][suffix][participle][i-mutaton][grimms_law][verners_law][verb][sound_change]

ε#4344. -in' -ing ξάǤϤʤ ([2021-03-19-1]) Ǹʬ夲Ǵñˤ򿶤֤äޤǸűѸȯã˿줿٤ä Lass (163) ˰͵򤷤ơĸ줫饲ޥĸФƸűѸ˻ޤǤηֲȯãҲ𤷤褦

The present participle is morphologically the same in both strong and weak verbs in OE: present stem (if different from the preterite) + -ende (ber-ende, luf-i-ende. etc.). All Gmc dialects have related forms: Go -and-s, OIc -andi, OHG -anti. The source is an IE o-stem verbal adjective, of the type seen in Gr phér-o-nt- 'bearing', with a following accented */-í/, probably an original feminine ending. This provides the environment for Verner's Law, hence the sequence */-o-nt-í/ > */-ɑ-nθ-í/ > */-ɑ-nð-í/, with accent shift and later hardening */-ɑ-nd-í/, then IU to /-æ-nd-i/, and finally /-e-nd-e/ with lowering. The /-i/ remains in the earliest OE forms, with are -ændi, -endi.


͡ʲѲ (sound_change) ФƸűѸ -ende ˤɤĤȤʬ롥ʬϡΤ褦˲ȤƤܤޤ뤷ѲƤ褦Τؤղäλ䵡ǽ˴ؤƤСषꤷƤ褦ˤߤ롥ΰȡƱ줬˹ߤ뤳ȤϢưƤ褦˻פ롥
ޤѲˤƤ⡤Τܤޤ뤷ϤΤΡʤ٤ -nd- ȤҲϢݻƤȤܤͤ롥ϤȤȶ */-í/ ³ˡŪפȤ䤹äǤϤʤˤǤ롥ޤθΤ촴β˱ƶͿ뤳ȤʤäˤդƱʬǤ⡤ʬȤϤʤ𤬰ۤʤΤ
űѸʹߤѸ˻ޤǡ -nd- λҲϢϸ§Ȥݻ줿䤬Ƹʬ -ing ִ褦ˤʤäο -ing ȤơȤȤ /ɪŋɡ/ Τ褦˻ҲϢäƤȤ϶̣/ŋɡ/ λҲϢ⡤Ѹʹߤ /ŋ/ ؤȽñ㲽ƤǤϰĸβˤߤ줿ҲϢϡϢȤ߹碌褦ǤɸŪˤݻƤʤcf. #1508. ѸˤɡβDz ([2013-06-13-1])#3482. ƬλҲϢñ㲽Ƥˡ ([2018-11-08-1]

Lass, Roger. Old English: A Historical Linguistic Companion. Cambridge: CUP, 1994.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2020-10-14 Wed

#4188. ʤ sheep ʣ sheep ʤΤǤ --- hellog 饸 [hellog-radio][sobokunagimon][hel_education][number][plural][oe][sound_change][analogy][high_vowel_deletion][analogy]

sheep, deer Τ褦̾ʣϡɤ櫓̵Ѳ sheep, deer ΤޤޤǤѸˤϡΤ褦ʡñʣƱפȸƤФ̾줬ʤʤ⤤Ĥ¸ߤޤäɤΤ褦طʤΤǤ礦饸βİ



ѸˤˤƤϡȤȤ sheep ˤ deer ˤ衤ñʣϷŪ˶̤ƤޤűѸλˤϡñ scēap Ф *scēapuƱͤñ dēor Ф *dēoru Τ褦ˡˤäñʣ̤ƤΤǤűѸޤǤˡŪˤϡֹ첻(high_vowel_deletion) ȸƤФ벻ѲƸ -u üñʣƱȤʤäƤޤäƤΤǤ
ơΥפñˡưʪñ̤ɽ魯̾줬ʤ餺ޤޤƤȤ³ѸŸˤƥݥȤȤʤäƤޤȤƼоݤȤʤưʪʷˤñ̤ɽ魯̾ϡñʣѤ뤳Ȥ¿ΤϼǤǤ礦̾ϡʣǻȤΤǥեȤʤΤǤȡ -s ʤɤĤʣǤ뤳ȤɬפʤΤޤηǼ¼Ūʣɽ魯ȤȤޤȤȸűѸˤʣ -s ȤäƤ fish Ǥ顤δ˴ޤñʣƱȤʤޤ̤ȤợΰǤϤޤưʪηñ̤ɽ魯Ĥ̾줬ѸǤüʡñʣƱפ뤳ȤˤʤäΤǤŪˤϡsheep, deer, fish, carp hundred, thousand, million, billion ʤɤ̾Ǥ
sheep deer ϡΤ褦ʷΥǥȤʤäűѸ줫³Ϸޤ̾ʤΤǤƶĴƤޤsheep deer ȤơűѸλˤϡȷŪ˰ۤʤʣ򼨤ƤȤȤǤѲȤθθạ́Ū (analogy) η̡Τ褦ñʣƱˤʤäƤΤȤȤõƤȻפޤ
ȴϢơ##12,1512,2232εå򻲾ȤƤФȻפޤ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-01-01-1] [2022-01-01-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2020-10-07 Wed

#4181. ʤ child ʣ children ʤΤǤ --- hellog 饸 [hellog-radio][sobokunagimon][hel_education][number][plural][double_plural][oe]

Ե§̾ʣΡ֤ʤפѤʵ֤ȤäƤ褤Ǥ礦⡤ѸˤˤϤȯ뵿֤Ȥޤʻ伫ȡ̣ǤϤεɤ³ƱѸˤΤθԤˤʤäȤäƤǤϤޤ󡥡
ۤȤɤ̾줬 -(e)s Ĥʣ櫓Ǥ̾ feet, sheep, phenomena, oxen ʤɡͽۤǤʤʤĤޤŵۤˤʤʣޤΤ褦Ե§̾ʣκǤΤ children Ǥʤñ child -ren ĤʣˤʤΤ櫓ʬޤ󡥸̩ʤΤǤ oxen ȤäȻϴޤˡ
ԲIJ̾ʣ򤯤٤ˤҤȤƤߤޤ礦İ



űѸˤϡ̾ʣκढޤΤ1Ĥ -ru Ȥޤ줬̵˻ĤäƤ child ʣ childru ͳ childer ۤɤη֤ˤʤäƤϤǤ¿̾줬űѸͥǤä -(e)s ղäˡʤ뤤ϡ˼ͥä -(e)n ˤˡˤӤƤٸǤ뤬椨ĤƤޤä child ʣ childru/childer ϡϤ⤤Ƥޤ̤Ȥʤޤ-ru/-er ʣ֤ˤʤʤäƤޤθǤʣǤ뤳ȤΤʤȴ줿ΤǤ礦Ѹˤ⤦1ĤͭϤʸǤ -(e)n դơʤʣ children Ф˻äΤǤθ -(e)s ʣޤޤĥˤĤ -(e)n ʣϿꤨƤoxen ˺פĤ٤ˤʤäƤޤޤchildren ⤢̣ǤϤ֤Ȥޤ r Τߤʣɽ碌ΤǤ -en äȤ̣ǡ츻Ūʴ (double_plural) λȤޤ
-(e)s ʣؤΰܲĬήϡäǯۤ³ƤޤĬήͤС󤯤ʤ̤ children *childs ֤뱿̿ʤΤ⤷ޤchildren ϡűѸѸγ׿碌ƼѸ˾õ٤ʣʤΤǤ
ȴϢơ##146,218,145,337,2826εåȤ櫓֤֡ȤФ̻ŪˤߤפȤϡᤷޤ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-04-15-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2020-08-28 Fri

#4141. 1150ǯۤƻĤʤäűѸñ OED 鳰Ƥ [oed][oe][doe][periodisation][lexicography][lexicology][manuscript]

OED ǤϸűѸñϤɤΤ褦˰Ƥ뤫դϡOED Online 󶡤 Old English in the OED ̤Τ뤳ȤǤ롥
OED ϡ§Ȥ1150ǯĶƻĤʤäűѸñϼ갷ʤƤ롥Ū§Ӥ OED ȤƤϡΤ褦˽ñäȤñǤȤǧƤϤƱԻĹˤ餫ˤǤꡤ The Dictionary of Old English (DOE) ԻǤ뤳Ȥ顤ŪȤƤΤ褦ʸ§ΩƤƤΤǤ⡤1150ǯʸڤ졤ζǯӤ7500ۤɤθűѸñ줬ϿƤȤ¤ϻŦƤ
űѸλʬˤĤƤ⡤ OED Ǥ3ʬȤˤ򼨤Ƥ롥'early OE' (600--950), 'OE' (950--1100), and 'late OE' (1100--1150) 3Ǥ롥礿űѸ200ΤۤȤɤ 'OE' (950--1100) ͳ褷ǾڵФ꤬뤳Ȥפʤʤ 'early OE' (600--950) °Τ20̤ˡ3ʬƤϤ뤬Ǥ뤫ؽŪˡǤꡤǯνǯεҤˤͭѤƤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2023-10-18-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2020-07-06 Mon

#4088. űѸǡǯפ̣ winter [oe][anglo-saxon_chronicle][popular_passage][metonymy][semantic_change]

űѸμȤǡ winter ߡפ˲äơǯפ̣뤳ȤФФäȤ˿줿Ūˤϡ#3317. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ˤߤ Hengest Horsa ([2018-05-27-1]) ǰѤǯ嵭449ǯεҤ1ʸˤĤƲ⤷ƤȤǤ롥

Martiānus and Valentīnus . . . rīcsodon seofon winter. (= Martianus and Valentinus ruled seven years.)


ǯ嵭ǤϤΤ褦Ԥǯʤɤ褯ڤ뤬Τ褦ʾ硤ǯΤ winter Ȥ̾줬ФлȤ롥̾ΰʣʡгʷбñη֤ƱȤʤ뤿ᡤβսǤ7ǯ֡פΰդˤ⤫餺֤ winter ȤʤäƤʤǤϴ֤ɽ魯ŪгʡפˡѤƤ롥cf. #783. home ̾Ūгʤ ([2011-06-19-1])ˡѸ year θűѸǤ ġēar ʤ̾ñʣƱˤѤ뤳Ȥ¿winter Ʊͤˤ褯ѤΤǤ롥
ߡפäơǯפɽ魯Ȥ嵭λȤ顤¿γֻŪס𤢤ꤹפʤ¿ȿäȤȤǡʲˤ⤦ܤ⤷Ƥ
Τ winter 1ǯ (year) 뵨1ĤˤʤϤǤϡߤۤȤ1ǯ̵˲ᤴȤǤꡤߤäǯФȤȯãΤ롥ťΥɸťɸǤ⡤ƤꡤʿŪǤ롥ʸ˴Ťȥ˥ߡιȤ롥
ǯפ̣ winter ѤɽϡűѸ줫ѸФơḽѸǤŪ뤤ϸɽȤƷߤǤ롥Ĥ󤲤Ƥߤȡmany winters ago ʲǯˡˡan old man of eighty winters ȬϩϷ͡ˡpass two winters abroad ʳ2ǯᤴˤʤɤȤʤ롥
Ѹ줫ϡMED winter (n.) ǧǤ뤬the age of fifti winter, fif-tene winter of age, o fif-tene winter elde, of eighte-tene winter age, the wei of five hundred winter, fourti winter, yeres and winteres ʤˤȤޤʤ
ʤư winter ѸǤȯãֱߤפ̣롥ޤǤѤȤʤäƤʬƻ wintered 1600ǯޤǡǯϷפΰ̣ѤƤˡ󥰥䥹åȥ˸¤褦ߤǤ2ФεϡӤؤ twinter (n., adj.) ȤĤäƤ롥
ܸǤִפιߤߤ˰äзο롥ǡִսФפȤɽ⤢롥ˤäƤɤεɽ˼뤫ϰۤʤȤƤ⡤μΥȥ˥ߡ̸Ṳ̄ˤߤΤ
Ϣơɽ魯ˤĤƤϡ#1221. ˡ ([2012-08-30-1]) 򻲾ȡ

Referrer (Inside): [2020-07-07-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2020-06-24 Wed

#4076. Dictionary of Old English Dictionary of Old English Corpus [lexicography][dictionary][doe][corpus][oe][website][link][bibliography]

ɸμϡܲʹθűѸ켭ԻץȤν껺Ǥcf. #3006. űѸμ ([2017-07-20-1])ˡʹʤΤ̤ȤȤˤʤ뤬 The Dictionary of Old English (DOE) ΥDictionary of Old English: A to I online, ed. Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette diPaolo Healey et al. (Toronto: Dictionary of Old English Project, 2018). ιܤ򥪥饤DZȤǤʸѤǤ̵Ǥˡ
DOE ϢưǸűѸ쥳ѥ (DOEC) ԻƱ˿ʹԤƤꡤDictionary of Old English Web Corpus ꥪ饤ǥǤ褦ˤʤäƤʸѤǤ̵Ǥˡ¸űѸʸϸˤ300Ȥ졤ŪϿԻŪʸġ뤳ȤϲǽϰϤǤ롥DOEC ϡΤ褦ŪβDOE ԻץȤΰĤȤơޤٸϿޥեåǤ1980ǯ1985ǯ˸줿θ塤1997ǯ˥饤Ǥ2005ǯˤ A--F ޤǤιܤϿ CD-ROM Ǥ˽Фθ⸽ߤ˻ޤǡԻԤƻϤˤäƸܤƤƤ롥
DOE γƸΥȥ꡼Ǥϡʸڤ륹ڥ󥰡㡤ƥȤξбƥñʤɤξ졤OED ؤλȤޤ᤿ͻؤΥ󶡤Ƥ롥
˴ʥġϤʤ褦ˡDOE(C) ˤѤ˺ݤդ٤Ϥ롥űѸƥȤʣΥС󤬤硤ʸŪˤϳơñ variants ξ뤳Ȥ˾ޤDOE(C) ǤϥƥȤˤäƤμϿɤ줬롥ޤȤƤ variants Ϥ褽夲ƤȤƤ⡤ŪŪŪʰյ variants ˤϤۤɰդʧƤʤˡ񵭾ξάۤΤŸƤȤˤդɬפǤ롥츻ͿƤʤ⡤ȤƻǰǤϤ롥
Ǥ⡤űѸ츦ˤ DOE νȴԤ礭ϷפꤷʤOED ˤűѸñϼϿƤ뤬ޤʬŪǤꡤ1150ǯĶӤűѸñ˸ꤵƤ롥ԻץȤΥ󥹥ԥ졼ΤϡOED νǤĤĤä100ǯۤ Craigie Υǥͳ褹Ȥ顤¤©ĹץȤʤΤǤ롥礷Ƥޤ礦
DOEC ˤĤƤϡCoRD (Corpus Resource Database) ξɤ

Lowe, Kathryn A. "Resources: Early Textual Resources." Chapter 71 of English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook. 2 vols. Ed. Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2012. 1119--31.
Traxel, Oliver M. "Resources: Electronic/Online Resources." Chapter 72 of English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook. 2 vols. Ed. Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2012. 1131--48.
Durkin, Philip. "Resources: Lexicographic Resources." Chapter 73 of English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook. 2 vols. Ed. Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2012. 1149--63.

Referrer (Inside): [2020-06-26-1] [2020-06-25-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2020-04-23 Thu

#4014. ȥȸȥδط [oe][oe_dialect][variety][alfred]

¸űѸʸ¿å˴ä򤪤ȥ (West Saxon) ǽ񤫤Ƥ롥9ʹߥå񤬥󥰥ɤΩˤꡤ󥰥äۤǤ롥ϤŪʰҿϰ̤夵ΡɸפͭϸȤʤäƤϡźǷ֤Ƥ8Ⱦˤ̾祢եå粦 (Alfred the Great) Фƥå̾ʡ#4012. եå粦αѸ˾ΰյ ([2020-04-21-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ1ˤϸűѸκȤȤäƤ褤եå (Ælfric) ФƸűѸ컶ʸΥǥ򼨤ϰۤʤ뤬ȥǽ񤫤ƤꡤϤĤ¾κȤƱ١Ȥ񤭸դǤΤȥϡűѸӤν񤭸դΥǥ󶡤Ȥ롥ʤָűѸɸפȸƤ֤Ȥˤ꤬롥ˤĤƤϺε#4013. ָűѸɸפβ ([2020-04-22-1]) 򻲾ȡ
ƱåפȤƤȸΤΡեåɻ Early West Saxon ȥեå Late West Saxon ȤñľǷӤĤ櫓ˤϤʤξѼδطϡľȤϼФζʤ꤯ͤäɽ蘆٤ΤʤΤˤĤ Mengden Kastovsky 򻲾Ȥʤ鼡Τ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

Kastovsky (1992: 346) points out that the traditional distinction between "Early West Saxon" for the language prototypically represented by the Alfredian translations and "Late West Saxon", prototypically represented by Ælfric's texts, is misleading, as it suggests a mere diachronic distinction between two varieties within only a little more than a hundred years. Rather, it should be assumed that the differences between the two groups of documents are diatopic at least to the same extent as they are diachronic.


Early West Saxon Late West Saxon 1ۤɤδֳ֤򤢤ƱȤߤʤΤǤϤʤŪˤŪˤ⤺줿ľŪˤϷӤĤʤѼȤߤʤۤŪΤȤŦξѼθűѸɤ٤Ƥߤȡ1λ֤ηв򺹤ȤƤ⡤Ʊ "West Saxon" ̾򴧤ƤˤϳΤ˰ۤʤäѼΤ褦ˤߤ롥դϡűѸΡɸפ񤭸դΥǥˤäդƤʤФʤʤ

Mengden, Ferdinand von. "Periods: Old English." Chapter 2 of English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook. 2 vols. Ed. Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2012. 19--32.
Kastovsky, Dieter. "Semantics and Vocabulary." The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 1. Ed. Richard M. Hogg. Cambridge: CUP, 1992. 290--408.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-01-07-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

Powered by WinChalow1.0rc4 based on chalow