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ưΤʤǤŪƤΤ used to 롥[2011-04-22-1]εuse --- Ǥ٤ι⤤եѸפ[2009-07-01-1]εˡưʤ³ȡפ used to ˴Ϣ夲Ϥʤ߷ʤȤͤ
νưϡνɽ路ơ֡ʰϡˤ褯ĤΤפ䡤ξ֤ɽ路ơ֡ʤĤƤϡˡĤäפỌ̇̄롥ʸʸκ䡤ˤƤ̯ʿưä˴̯ʤΤϸߤ礤Ƥ뤳ȤǤ롥ֲפŪɽ魯ưǤꡤ߷礤ƤΤϤषȤͤ⤢ߤνɽ路ơ֤褯Ĥפ䡤ߤξ֤ɽ路ơ֡ʸߤϡˡĤפȸĴ *use to ʤˡäƤ褤ȵ뤳ȤǤ롥¤ΤȤ߷ˡ14Ѹˤޤڤ ( OED, use, v., 21 뤤 MED, ūsen (v.), 14a ȡˡ
Ѹʹߡɽϲˡ˸ꤵƤ椭ʤİư줫ưؤŪѲƤäĤƤϸʬǤѤ줿ˡʤʤäʬ礱ƤȤħ must need ǤƱͤǤꡤƽưŪħǤ뤳Ȥդ줿use(d) to ˵äȤϡư첽깭ʸˡ ( grammaticalisation ) θݤǤȤ롥
ǤϡѸʹߡߤˡѤ줿ΤϤʤ̲ʸˡϤäƯƤȹͤ뤳ȤϲǽľŪˤȯ꤬ؤäƤȹͤ롥 used to [juːstə] ȯ졤¾塤߷ *use to ƱȯȤʤ롥ֻθȤƤ⡤He use(d)n't to . . . Did he use(d) to . . .? ʤɤΤ褦˲ <d> 뤳ȤϡԱάơդǤϤ褯롥ˤȸ߷δ֤˰Ʊ۵ ( homonymic clash ) 뤳ȤˤʤꡤˡवȤʤäΤǤϤʤ
ˤĤơ[2011-04-22-1]εuse --- Ǥ٤ι⤤եѸפǤ줿 Menner (241fn) ϡΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥
B. Trnka explained the modern limitation of the idiom use to to the present tense by the development of homophony with the preterite, On the Syntax of the English Verb from Caxton to Dryden, Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague 3.36 (Prague, 1930). For the Middle English and Early Modern English I use to go we are now obliged to substitute such periphrases as 'I usually go', 'I am in the habit of going', 'I am accustomed to go'.
Menner, Robert J. "The Conflict of Homonyms in English." Language 12 (1936): 229--44.
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