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2013-09-05 Thu

#1592. ѸüԤο͸פ뤳Ȥ񤷤ͳ [statistics][demography][post-creole_continuum]

ε#1591. Crystal ˤѸüԤο͸ ([2013-09-04-1]) ǡCrystal ˤ2001ǯդǤαѸüԿ͸οפ򼨤Crystal (69) εˡǶ¾θԤˤפƤ롥

It is interesting to compare estimates for first (L1), second (L2) and foreign (F) language use over the past 40 years.
-- in Quirk (1962: 6) the totals for first (L1), second (L2) and foreign (F) were 250 (L1) and 100 (L2/F);
-- during the 1970s these totals rose to 300 (L1), 300 (L2) and 100 (F) (cf. McArthur (1922: 355));
-- Kachru (1985: 212) has 300 (L1), 300--400 (L2) and 600--700 (F);
-- Ethnologue (1988) and Bright (1992: II.74), using a Time estimate in 1986, have 403 (L1), 397 (L2) and 800 (F);
-- during the 1990s the L1 and L2 estimates rise again, though with some variation. The Columbia Encyclopedia (1993) has 450 (L1), 400 and 850 (F). Ethnologue (1992), using a World Almanac estimate in 1991, has 450 (L1) and 350 (L2).


줾οפưϷ褷ƾϤʤɤѤ٤¤Ȥ͡ʿפʿͤȤȤˡ⡤1ĤصŪˡ⤷ʤ
μο͸פϤ٤ԳΤȼΤȤ櫓ѸüԿȤ褦פˤ¿κ񤬤ĤƤޤ롥ͳ󤲤Ƥߤ褦

(1) ŪΤŪʵϤѤǤפʤ (Crystal 61)
(2) Crystal οפ˴Ϣƿ줿褦ˡȤ Expanding Circle ° EFL üԤοΤİ뤳ȤϤȤ櫓񤷤㤨С21ƬˤơŪ˱ѸؽԤΨޤäƤƤ뤳ȤϳΤŪˤɤ٤ΨΤ˸ƤľŪˡϤʤ
(3) ͸פˤƤѸüԤ ENL, ESL, EFL ȶʬǥ뤬Ѥ뤳Ȥ¿ζܤϤäꤷʤޤ줾ιϰ褬嵭Τ줫ζʬƤϤޤȤΩƤƤ뤬ºݤˤξԤϸ̩бʤȤ¿ENL ESL ιϰǤϡѸ줬 "special place" Ƥ뤳ȤȤƤ뤬"special place" ȤϼºݤαѸ٤٤ˤäƤǤϤʤŪŪװˤäͿΤˤʤ
(4) ֱѸäץ٥ɤꤹ뤫ҴŪʴबʤ٥򲼤 ESL EFL üԤñ̤뤷٥夲üԿϸ롥
(5) ɤѼѸΰȤߤʤˤĤƹդʤԥѸ䥯쥪ѸϱѸΰȤƤߤʤ٤ǽˤΤǤС¿ΥԥѸ䥯쥪ѸϱѸǤʤȤˤʤꤽ#1499. 󥸥ʥӥ "semicommunication" ([2013-06-04-1]) Ǥ⿨줿褦ˡ٤ϸŪʵΥΤۤäʹ٤礭ƶ롥ޤ#385. Guyanese Creole Ϣ³Ρ ([2010-05-17-1]) ǿ줿 post-creole continuum Τ褦ˡɤ餬ɸѼǤɤ餬ԥ󡦥쥪ѼʤΤȽȤʤ⤢롥

Crystal, David. English As a Global Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.

Referrer (Inside): [2016-12-09-1]

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