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#1136. ۤʤδ֤줬 ([2012-06-06-1]) (1) ǡֶΰספȤǽ˸ڤ2ĤθηŪʴطƱꤹ뤳ȤܻؤӸ (comparative_linguistics) ˤȤäơ2줫餽줾Ф줿1Фθ줬 (arbitrariness) ˴ŤޤƤˤʤΤǤϤʤȤǰϾ˶ŪǤ롥ζɬɤʬΤӸؤˡˤƤ⡤뤤Ϥ褦ȤرĤˤȤäƤ⡤Ǥ롥
ˤĤơCampbell (275--76) "Chance Similarities" ꤹ1 Doerfer Ը˸ڤʤƤ롥ˤ2ढȤݤ
Doerfer (1973: 69--72) discusses two kinds of accidental similarity. "Statistical chance" has to do with what sorts of words and how many might be expected to be similar by chance; for example, the 79 names of Latin American Indian languages which begin na- (e.g., Nahuatl, Naolan, Nambicuara, etc.) are similar by sheer happenstance, statistical chance. "Dynamic chance" has to do with forms becoming more similar through convergence, that is, lexical parallels (known originally to have been different) which come about due to sounds converging through sound change. Cases of non-cognate similar forms are well known in historical linguistic handbooks, for example, French feu 'fire' and German Feuer 'fire' . . . (French feu from Latin focus 'hearth, fireplace' [-k- > -g- > -ø; o > ö]; German Feuer from Proto-Indo-European *pūr] [< *puHr-, cf. Greek pür] 'fire,' via Proto-Germanic *fūr-i [cf. Old English fy:r]).
Ū̸Ūʶΰפ "statistical chance" Ǥꡤ̻ŪʲѲη̡֤ƤޤäȤ "dynamic chance" Ǥ롥Ӹؤ2줫餽줾Ф줿1Фθ٤ݤˡޤƤϤʤ2Ĥդ٤ȤõƤ
"dynamic chance" 1Ȥơ#4072. Ѹ have ȥƥ habere, ե avoir ̸츻 ([2020-06-20-1]) ȡ
Campbell, Lyle. "How to Show Languages are Related: Methods for Distant Genetic Relationship." Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Ed. Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda. Oxford: Blackwell, 262--82.
Doerfer, Gerhard. Lautgesetz und Zufall: Betrachtungen zum Omnikomparatismus. Innsbruck: Institut für vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, 1973.
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