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2015-03-18 Wed

#2151. Ѳθ3 [language_change][causation][sociolinguistics][cognitive_linguistics]

Ѳθ礭ʬȡŪʤΤȸ쳰ŪʤΤʬ롥Ūʶ̤ˤĤƤϡ#442. Ѳθ ([2010-07-13-1])#443. Ūװȸ쳰ŪװϤɤ餬פ ([2010-07-14-1])#1582. Ūװȸ쳰ŪװϤɤ餬פ (2) ([2013-08-26-1])#1584. Ūװȸ쳰ŪװϤɤ餬פ (3) ([2013-08-28-1]) ʤɤƤȤǤ롥
2ĤϤ줾ҲŪװȡʽ˸Ūװɤؤ뤳ȤǤ뤬ʬˡǤϤ󤻤绨Ĥˤ롥㤨СŪװȤλФ˴ؤŪװȤˤϡ⡦Τ줬ͿƤ뤳ȤˤʤΤޤ෿ˤSOVθȡַƻ̾פθȤشطȤ褦ʵФѲˤƤϡװȤϸŪʤΤʤΤǧŪʤΤʤΤ뤤ñŪʤΤʤΤŪװȤȤΡȤϡѲνװΤηϲ˴Ť̩ʸոȤѤƤΤȤ⤽٤ƤŬʥ٥ˤʤΤΤ褦ռϸѲ multiple causation cf. #1986. Ѳ multiple causation 뤤 "synergy" ([2014-10-04-1])ˤ̵طǤϤʤ줬ʣǤ뤫ȿǤƤ롥
Aitchison (736) ϡ˽Ҥ٤͡ʡ "layer" ءˤɽǡѲμ礿븶ˤϡʾʤȤ3ؤǧȽҤ٤Ƥ롥ҲŪʽ˸ŪǧοŪ3Ǥ롥

In historical linguistics, at least three overlapping layers of causes can usefully be distinguished. First is immediate trigger, which can be regarded as "sociolinguistic," as when, in Labov's seminal paper, the permanent inhabitants of Martha's Vineyard imitated the vowels of the fishermen they subconsciously admired . . . . Second is "linguistic proper," due to vocal tract configurations, or to the maintenance of language patterns, as when, in the Martha's Vineyard case, the diphthongs [ai] and [au] follow a roughly parallel course of change. The third level is when broad properties of the human mind are hypothesized to account for any such changes. For example, memory limitations or processing procedures might plausibly be invoked to explain why front and back vowels tend to move in tandem not just in Martha's Vineyard, but everywhere. This "top layer" of causation can be labeled psycholinguistic or cognitive, even though such labels need to be used with care: they have been applied in the literature in a number of different ways. . . . This territory is a no-person's-land between language universals and more general psychological ones. The location of the boundary is often dependent on the theory adopted, rather than on an (unachievable) Olympian view of the situation.


3ؤΤߤǤ褤ΤʤκǾؤǧοפǤΤѤ˽Ҥ٤Ƥ褦ʡָŪפȡǧοŪפζܤۣ椵ʤɡڤߤȤϤ롥ŪʼҲŪˤȸ쳰ŪʸŪˤȤ츫Ȥ狼䤹ʬˡñ绨ĤǤȤʾˡ򾷤ʸޤʬǤ뤳ȤʤȤ褯狼褦ˤʤȤϤ

Aitchison, Jean. "Psycholinguistic Perspectives on Language Change." The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Ed. Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003. 736--43.

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