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2018-06-11 Mon

#3332. Aitchison ˤѤ4Ĥħ [borrowing][contact]

Aitchison (150--52) ˤС (borrowing) ˤ4ĤνפħȤ

First, detachable elements are the most easily and commonly taken over --- that is, elements which are easily detached from the donor language and which will not affect the structure of the borrowing language. (150)


ϡɽŪʸäǤڤ䤹ñ̤ǤȤȤˤʤ롥ǤꡤŪʸáʸˡʤɡ¾θμѤʤȤ櫓ǤϤʤ (cf. #902. Ѥ䤹ܡ ([2011-10-16-1]))

A second characteristic is that adopted items tend to be changed to fit in with the structure of the borrower's language, though the borrower is only occasionally aware of the distortion imposed. (150)


ϡ㤨бñ줬ʸȤܸ˼ѤȤˡọ̇Ѳʤɤ¿쾯ʤܸ첽ƼޤΤ̤ȤȤ롥

A third characteristic is that a language tends to select for borrowing those aspects of the donor language which superficially correspond fairly closely to aspects already in its own. (151)


μѤ˺ݤơζθ礬¦θǤƤˤϡѤ䤹ʤ롤ȤäΤȤξǤ褽бطäۤʤѤ䤹ȤΤϤäȤä෿ΰפȤǤ (cf. #1779. ܿ٤ȼͽ¬ɸ ([2014-03-11-1])#900. ([2011-10-14-1])#1780. ܿȼѤμ١ ([2014-03-12-1])#1781. ܿ෿ ([2014-03-13-1]))

A final characteristic has been called the 'minimal adjustment' tendency --- the borrowing language makes only very small adjustments to the structure of its language at any one time. In a case where one language appears to have massively affected another, we discover on close examination that the changes have come about in a series of minute steps, each of them involving a very small alteration only, in accordance with the maxim 'There are no leaps in nature.' (151)


̤μѤˤäơ¦θ줬礭Ѳ褦˸륱ǤäƤ⡤ϻ֤򤫤ƾĤʤäΤǤäơŪ11Ѥ˺ݤƵäƤ뤳Ȥ϶ϾѲˤʤȤǽ3ϡ衤ܿ (contact) ʬǤŦƤȤ4ܤλŦŪˤʤ줿ȤϡۤɤʤäΤǤϤʤȻפ롥
ϢơѤȤѸȳǰäơ#44. ּѡפˤߤ ([2009-06-11-1])#2010. Ѥϸʣ狼 ([2014-10-28-1])#3008. ּѤȤϻͤˤǤ¤Ǥס ([2017-07-22-1]) ƤΤǡȤ줿

Aitchison, Jean. Language Change: Progress or Decay. 4th ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2013.

Referrer (Inside): [2020-10-20-1]

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