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餯3300ǯʹߤΤʳǡ饤ʤ䥫եΥƥåӤ˽ޤäƤĸäꤿΰθϤΥ졤桼饷ΦιΰؤȰưϤϿǯλ֤ơؤϸߤοť뼫ޤǡؤϥ䥤ɤޤǡؤϥ衼åѡΤޤǡäƤȤˤʤäưȤ櫓ȯΤϵ2ǯΤȤȹͤ졤ʹߡŪƱꤵ̱²Ȥ̾桼饷ΦΤ餳dzǧ褦ˤʤ롥ȥ͡ꥢ͡ڥ륷͡ǥ͡ߥ˲ҥåȲꥷ͡ȿ͡ޥ͡
غǿ˿⡡ڥȥ٤ p.4 20?11ʥɡ衼åѸ²²ưˡפꤹϿޤȤƤʬ䤹ʴϢơ#637. 륬ʸĸ ([2011-01-24-1]) Ͽޤ⻲ȡˡ

ǵ3300ǯȤưϤ˴طǯϡĸ˺ƷȤܤ˴ؤäȡΤ褦ʻȤιųŪʾڵȤΤ碌顤褽ϤФǯǤ롥Ȥ櫓פʥɤϡּءפǤ롥ȤΤϡΥ饤#166. cyclone ȥˡ§ ([2009-10-10-1])#1217. wheel reduplication ([2012-08-26-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡּءפɽ魯ĸ줬Τ˺ƷƤꡤޤؤΤΤνиųŪ˵4ǯθȤƤ뤳Ȥ顤ĸʬξ¤ꤵ뤫Fortson (38) Ҥ٤Ƥ롥
Based on the available archaeological evidence, the addition of wheeled vehicles to this picture allows us to narrow the range to the mid- or late forth millennium: the earliest wheeled vehicles yet found are from c. 3300--3200 BC. If one adds a century or two on that figure (on the assumption that the actual invention of wheeled vehicles predates the earliest extant remains), that means the latest stage of common PIE (the state directly reachable by reconstruction and before any of the future branches separated) cannot have been earlier than around 3400 BC.
ӸؤȹųؤΥܤˤꡤŤΤθʬ̱²ưǯ夬餫ˤȤƥǤ롥
̭ ϯʴƽˡԽԡˡغǿ˿⡡ڥȥ16ǡ2018ǯ
Fortson IV, Benjamin W. Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004.
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