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2019-07-22 Mon

#3738. ĸ5Ĥγ --- *sed- ξ [indo-european][reconstruction][gradation][vowel][terminology]

ĸθ촴첻ˤϡǥեȤ *e ꤵƤ롥־塤줬͡첻˲ƤȤˤʤΤӸؤˤƤΥǥեȤ *e "e-grade" 뤤 "full grade" ʴˤȸƤФƤ롥 *e ϡɬŪʤˤ첻 *o ˲뤳Ȥ롥 "o-grade" o ˤȸƤ֡*e ʤ *o ʤϡ줾Ĺ첻뤳Ȥ⤢ꡤ줾 "lengthened e-grade" e Ĺ, "lengthened o-grade" o ĹˤȸƤФ롥ˡ*e 첻μ¸ʤ "zero-grade" ʥˤȤΤ⤢ä
̤Ȥơ촴ˤŵŪ5Ĥ첻¸ߤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥Ѱۤ첻ΤȤ򡤰ӸؤǤ gradation, ablaut, apophony ʤɤȸƤǤ롥ɤ첻ˤʤФɤΤ褦ʰ̣ǽˤʤȤäΤбϤʤ¾塤ŪѰۤȤȤ館ۤʤ
ĸǡֺ¤ (to sit) ̣ *sed- ˴ؤơƳθȡ줬ˤƤɤΤ褦˼¸Ƥ뤫򼨤򼨤 (Fortson 73)

e-grade (full grade)*sed-Lat. sed-ēre 'to sit', Gk. héd-ra, Eng. sit (i from earlier *e)
o-grade*sod-Eng. sat (a from earlier *o)
zero-grade*sd-*ni-sd-o- 'where [the bird] sits down = nest' > Eng. nest
lengthened e-grade*sēd-Lat. sēdēs 'seat', Eng. seat
lengthened o-grade*sōd-OE sōt > Eng. soot (*'accumulated stuff that sits on surfaces')


Ե§ưŪʶѲưˤ첻Ѱۤ⡤ư̾ʤʻ㤤θˤߤ첻ؤδط⡤ĸΡֳ׺ˤΤܤ롥˽פʲŪݤǤ롥

Fortson IV, Benjamin W. "An Approach to Semantic Change." Chapter 21 of The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Ed. Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda. Blackwell, 2003. 648--66.

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