hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2009-10-21

■ #177. ENL, ESL, EFL の地域のリスト [elf][esl][enl]

　[2009-10-17-1]で，英語話者人口の内訳を ENL, ESL, EFL の三区分で見た．今日は，各区分の話者人口ではなく，各区分を体現する世界の地域の数に注目してみたい．
　以下の地域名リストは，主に ENL 人口を擁する地域を (1)，主に ESL 人口を擁する地域を (2)，主に EFL 人口を擁する地域を (3) として分類したものである．(1) については，事実上ライバル言語のない地域を (1a)，主要なライバル言語が一つあるいは二つ以上存在する地域を (2a) としてある．また，(3) については，英語を教育のなかで外国語として習得されているものの，社会における英語の使われ方が広まってきており，事実上 ESL 地域とみなしてもよい地域を (3a) として，それ以外の通常の EFL 地域を (3b) としてある．いずれも1998年出版の McArthur のリストに拠っているため，必ずしも最新の情報ではないことを断っておく．リストをこうして電子化しておけば再利用が可能かと思っての掲載．

(1a) The ENL territories without major competition (30 territories)

Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Ascension (Island), Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), the Cayman Islands, Dominica, England (UK), the Falkland Islands, Grenada, Guyana, Hawaii, Liberia, Jamaica, the Irish Republic, the Isle of Man, Montserrat, New Zealand, Northern Ireland (UK), Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Helena, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Scotland (UK), the Turks and Caicos Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Tristan da Cunha, the United States, the Virgin Islands (US), the Virgin Islands (British)

(1b) The ENL territories with one or more other major languages (6 territories)

Belize (also Spanish), Canada (also French), the Channel Islands (also French), Gibraltar (also Spanish), South Africa (also Afrikaans, Xhosa, Zulu, and other major local languages), Wales (UK: also Welsh)

(2) The ESL territories (57 territories)

Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belau, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, the Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Egypt, the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Lebanon, Lesotho, Malaysia, Malawi, the Maldives, Malta, the Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Nigeria, the Northern Marianas, Oman, Panama, Puerto Rico, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Surinam, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, American Samoa, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe

(3a) The EFL territories with English a virtual second language (17 territories)

Argentina, Belgium, Burma/Myanmar, Denmark, Ethiopia, the Faeroe Islands, Honduras, Kuwait, the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Norway, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates

(3b) The EFL territories with English learned as the global lingua franca (the rest of the world) (122 territories)

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Armenia, Aruba, Austria, Azerbaijan, the Azores, the Balearic Islands, Belarus, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, the Comoros Islands, Congo, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Djibouti, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Goa, Greece, Greenland, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, the Ivory Coast, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Korea (North), Korea (South), Laos, Latvia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Madeira, Mali, Martinique, Mauritania, Mexico, Moldavia, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, New Caledonia, Niger, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Pondicherry, Portugal, Réunion, Romania, Russia, Saint Pierre et Miquelon, San Marino, Sao Tomé and Principé, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, the Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, the Wallis and Futuna Islands, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire

　以上，合計232地域．

　・ McArthur, Tom. The English Languages. Cambridge: CUP, 1998. 53--54.

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