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2010-08-09 Mon

#469. euphemism κ [euphemism]

ѤˤľˤˤƤ롥㤨СοȡΤ̡ǥлεǽµϷ𡤻ϡľܸˤΤϤФ¿͡ƤľŪ˻ؤɽˤΤ򤱤븽ݤϡŪʶش ( linguistic taboo ) ȸƤФ졤¸ߤ롥ˤ뤳ȼΤɬ⥿֡ǤϤʤľŪǤʤŪ˻ؤɽǤСѤ뤳ȤҲŪ˵ƤȤ¿Τ褦˴ŪˤоݤؼɽΤȤնʸˡ ( euphemism ) Ȥ
Ǥϡeuphemism äƤȤִפϤɤΤ褦˺ФΤ餯¾ȤӤѸξ euphemism κ󤷤Ƥߤ褦ʲϡBrinton and Arnovick, pp. 80--81 ˴Ťʬࡥ

(1) ̲ ( generalization )
Ūʰ̣ɽѤ롥ΤΤľܻؤΤǤϤʤΤΤޤΤؤȤˤʤΤǡĤä롥ex. growth for cancer, voiding for defecation or urination.

(2) ʬ ( splitting features )
1˵ͤƤ2İʾΰ̣ʬ򤷡Ȥ߹碌ƿʸˡ̣ΰʬ򡥥ץ벽줿̣ʬ򤷤ƼΤǡΤ֤ľ롥ex. ethnic cleansing for pogrom, genocide; pre-owned for used.

(3) 借 ( borrowing words )
ä˥ƥ䥮ꥷηǤѤʸѤ롥¦ϡפβФΤǡŪˤʤ롥ex. expire for die, perspire for sweat.

(4) Ūɽ ( figure of speech )
( metaphor) 䴹 ( metonymy ) ǰŤ˼ex. belly button for navel, in his cups for drunk.

(5) ̣ž ( semantic shift )
ؤƴϢ̤βؤex. sleep with for have sex with, go to the bathroom for defecate or urinate.

(6) Τ椬 ( phonetic distortion )
֤Ѥơľ롥ex. gosh for god, darn for damn.

(7) ؾɽ ( diminutives )
ؾ -y ʣ ( reduplication; see [2009-07-02-1] and [2010-01-21-1] ) Ѥơ֤襤פ롥ex. tummy for stomach, wee-wee for urination.

(8) ƬƬʸά ( acronyms or initialisms )
Ȥɽä˺⤢뤯餤Ūˤʤ롥ex. TB for tuberculosis, SOB for son of a bitch.

¾˲ʤʤȹͤƤߤ"meta-euphemism" ȤǤƤ٤פĤeuphemism ȤϤ켫Τꥹ¯ǡ֥ȥפؤնɽȤƻȤ롥ξ硤"euphemism" Ȥ츽ݤΰŪ̾ΤǤä euphemism ɽǤ֥ȥפȤ夨ȤȤʤΤǡeuphemism euphemism Ǥ롥"double euphemism" Ȥ "super-euphemism" ȸƤǤ褵

Brinton, Laurel J. and Leslie K. Arnovick. The English Language: A Linguistic History. Oxford: OUP, 2006.

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