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#1868. Ѹ͡ʡַס ([2014-06-08-1]) εǡѸˤַפɽ魯͡ʸ줬ưʪ̤벿餫ʸȿǤƤ뤫Ȥɬ⤽Ȥϸ¤餺ñʤեˤʤȤݤεҲ𤷤ˤĤƤϰ뤫⤷ʤѸ줬ޤäƤޥ˥Ϥˤϡʸʸ˻٤줿äưʪѤäȹͤ뤷줬äκʬشطˤ뤳ȤǤ뤫⤷ʤΤˤ̤ǡشطϤꤽʤȤ⸡ڤɬפϤ롥
ʤȤŦǤʤȤϡθäκʬϡߤʸ⡤ĤƤʸȿǤƤٹ礤ΤۤȤȤ餯ϤĤƤʸǻǤФƤΤǤꡤʸϸߤޤǤޤäƤޤäΤΡʬ줿äǤޤĤäƤȤȤǤϤʤʬ줿äΤʤˤϡߤʸȿǤƤ櫓ǤϤʤ㤬¿ΤǤϤʤ
㤨Сܸˤ͡ʼαɽ魯줬˭٤ˤꡤܡʸˤαʸθΤǤȼĥ뤳ȤǤ뤫⤷ʤسظܸμŵ٤86Ƥߤ褦
ʤˡīʤˡʤˡʤˡáʤˡʤˡβ夷ʤΤϤʤˡձʤˡ챫ʤˡ߱ʤŤˡ漾ʤˡʤˡһʤˡűʤˡʤˡαʤΤˡαʤΤˡʤˡѤβʤĤͤΤᤤˡڤβήʤΤʤˡޱʤ夦ˡDZʤ礦ˡ̸ʤꤵˡڱʤˡȱʤˡߤαʤФΤˡʤˡDZʤ̤ˡٱʤˡŲֱʤˡʤ餢ˡʤߤˡʤ褷ˡʤˡϱʤˡ屫ʤˡʤˡʤˡͤʤΤĤˡ˿ʤ֤ˡʤ夦ˡ屫ʤ夦ˡáʤ夦ˡɱʤ夯ˡձʤˡáʤˡӱʤˡ鱫ʤˡ𱫡ʤˡıʤˡѱʤˡ±ʤˡαʤΤˡ̡ʤˡµޱʤǤˡȱʤˡŴˤʤƤäݤˡȤߤ걫ʤƤդꤢˡ౫ʤȤˡ̤걫ʤȤꤢˡפʤȤ餬ˡڼ߱ʤʤͤŤˡޱʤʤߤˡDZʤ̤ˡﱫʤϤˡʤϤˡʤФˡ֤αʤϤʤΤˡջʤϤ뤷ˡʤҤˡɹʤҤˡɪޱʤҤˡ뱫ʤܤˡѱ¼ʤ餵ˡѻ¼ʤ餷ˡ߱ʤɤŤˡ뱫ʤ䤦ˡ餺αʤ餺Τˡʤ椭ˡñʤ礦ˡбʤ礯ˡñʤˡ䱫ʤ줤ˡʤ줤ˡձʤ狼Фˡ䱫ʤ錄
αθä¿ϼˤܤäƤ뤬ǻѤƤΤϸ¤Ƥ롥ϡĤƤαʸθƤȤĹ֤˰ޤƤʸθƤȤϸ̤ܸ߰üԤ˶ͭƤ븽αʸθƤȤɬȤϤǤʤ褦˻פ롥ºݡɮԤϡɪޱפȤϲμǸĤޤʹȤʤäµޤˤƤΤۤɤΤ鷺ʱȤΤȤ
εΡַפɽ魯ѸθäˤĤơJespersen (430--31) Τ褦˸äƤսĤ
In old Gothonic poetry we find an astonishing abundance of words translated in our dictionaries by 'sea,' 'battle,' 'sword,' 'hero,' and the like: these may certainly be considered as relics of an earlier state of things, in which each of these words had its separate shade of meaning, which was subsequently lost and which it is impossible now to determine with certainty. The nomenclature of a remote past was undoubtedly constructed upon similar principles to those which are still preserved in a word-group like horse, mare, stallion, foal, colt, instead of he-horse, she-horse, young horse, etc. This sort of grouping has only survived in a few cases in which a lively interest has been felt in the objects or animals concerned. We may note, however, the different terms employed for essentially the same idea in a flock of sheep, a pack of wolves, a herd of cattle, a bevy of larks, a covey of partridges, a shoal of fish. Primitive language could show a far greater number of instances of this description, and, so far, had a larger vocabulary than later languages, though, of course, it lacked names for a great number of ideas that were outside the sphere of interest of uncivilized people. (430--31)
ʬ줿ä "survive" 뤳ȤŦƤ뤬ʸΤΤϤ褽ֻפˤ⤫餺äĤäפȤͤɽ魯Τ
Jespersen ϡŪ˸äκʬϸθŪʳΤǤꡤȯŸȤȤ˺ʬηϾäƤ椯ȤѤƤ롥ַפΤ褦ʸä˴ϢƤ⡤"The more advanced a language is, the more developed is its power of expressing abstract or general ideas. Everywhere language has first attained to expressions for the concrete and special." (429) ȽҤ٤Ƥ̤ꡤȯŸȤϡֶΤݤءפήǤȳοƤ롥θѤϡػŪʴįɬפ롥#1728. Jespersen θѡ ([2014-01-19-1]) Ȥ줿
Jespersen, Otto. Language: Its Nature, Development, and Origin. 1922. London: Routledge, 2007.
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