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#473. ̣ѲŵŪʥѥ ([2010-08-13-1]) (3) Ǽ̣ΰ (pejoration) ϡѸˤˤ㤬¿ɤ̣뤤ϾʤȤΩŪʰ̣ä˥ͥƥʲͤդ븽ݤǤ롥ޤǤεȤƤϡ#505. silly ΰ̣Ѳ ([2010-09-14-1])#683. semantic prosody ([2011-03-11-1] )#742. amusing, awful, and artificial ([2011-05-09-1]) ʤɤǶƤ
Ѹˤˤ̣ΰȤƤȤ櫓褯ΤƤΤϡɽ魯äѸˤ̤ơֽפ̣췲ϡ¤ŪʴỤ̄ (connotation) ƤֽעŪˤ餷ʤע־ءפȤΤŵŪʥѥǤ롥̤鰷ä Schulz ʸ "The Semantic Derogation of Woman" ˤȡֽɽ魯פ˰ŪʸݤǤ뤫Ǥ⤫ȸФ˼롥3ս꤫Ѥ褦
Again and again in the history of the language, one finds that a perfectly innocent term designating a girl or woman may begin with totally neutral or even positive connotations, but that gradually it acquires negative implications, at first perhaps only slightly disparaging, but after a period of time becoming abusive and ending as a sexual slur. (82--83)
. . . virtually every originally neutral word for women has at some point in its existence acquired debased connotations or obscene reference, or both. (83)
I have located roughly a thousand words and phrases describing women in sexually derogatory ways. There is nothing approaching this multitude for describing men. Farmer and Henley (1965), for example, have over five hundred terms (in English alone) which are synonyms for prostitute. They have only sixty-five synonyms for whoremonger. (89)
Schulz ʸˤϡ¿㤬Ƥ롥ʸ˸99ե٥åȽ¤٤Ƥߤ٤ƤŪס־ءפˤޤǰ̣櫓ǤϤʤѸˤΤʤǾʤȤ⤢Ūʴްդäƽؼñ췲Ǥ롥
abbess, academician, aunt, bag, bat, bawd, beldam, biddy, Biddy, bitch, broad, broadtail, carrion, cat, cleaver, cocktail, courtesan, cousin, cow, crone, dame, daughter, doll, Dolly, dolly, dowager, drab, drap, female, flagger, floozie, frump, game, Gill, girl, governess, guttersnipe, hack, hackney, hag, harlot, harridan, heifer, hussy, jade, jay, Jill, Jude, Jug, Kitty, kitty, lady, laundress, Madam, minx, Miss, Mistress, moonlighter, Mopsy, mother, mutton, natural, needlewoman, niece, nun, nymph, nymphet, omnibus, peach, pig, pinchprick, pirate, plover, Polly, princess, professional, Pug, quean, sister, slattern, slut, sow, spinster, squaw, sweetheart, tail trader, Tart, tickletail, tit, tramp, trollop, trot, twofer, underwear, warhorse, wench, whore, wife, witch
פʤΤϡбɽ魯췲ɬ̣ΰäƤʤȤspinster ȿȽˤФ bachelor ȿˡwitch ˤФ warlock ˤˡȤˤϥͥƥʴްդϤʤɤ餫ȤȥݥƥɾդƤ롥Ϸɽ魯 trot, heifer ʤɤŪϷɽ魯 geezer, codger ϾŪȤƤ⤽ٹ礤Ͼqueen ʽˤ quean ʤФˤ̤Byron "the Queen of queans" ʤɤȸͷӤƤ뤬Ф king ʲˤˤΤδްդϤʤprincess prince ƱͤоŪmother, sister, aunt, niece ΰ̣Ȥäб father, brother, uncle, nephew ˤϤε̣Ϥʤοȡɽ魯 footman, yeoman, squire ϰ̣βȤ뤬abbess, hussy, needlewoman ʤɽοȡ¿ professional θ줬Ƥ褦ˡưפˡοȡפؤžƤ椯㤤ɽ魯 boy, youth, stripling, lad, fellow, puppy, whelp ʤΩŪdoll, girl, nymph ŪȤʤ롥
ɽ魯ͭ̾⡤Фа̣ΰоݤȤʤ롥ޤȽξԤؼ뤳ȤǤ dog, pig, pirate ʤɤθǤ⡤ؼˤϡͥƥʰ̣դΤ⾯ʤʤϤ䡤ʬ߽ФƤΤǤ롥
Schulz, Muriel. "The Semantic Derogation of Woman." Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance. Ed. Barrie Thorne and Nancy Henley. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1975. 64--75.
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