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2016-03-14 Mon

#2513. Samuels "linguistic evolution" [terminology][evolution][language_change]

ʲϡǯ˾褦ˤʤäƤѲ˴ѤǤꡤ˸ؤˤ1ĤĬήȤʤäƤ롥ܥ֥Ǥϡ#432. ѲФ뻰Ĥιͤ ([2010-07-03-1])#519. εȿʲõ븦ʬ ([2010-09-28-1])#520. ˸ؤϸεȿʲθȤɤΤ褦ʴطˤ뤫 ([2010-09-29-1])#2260. ʲβ ([2015-07-05-1]) ۤ evolution γƵǴϢ夲Ƥ
Samuels (1) ᤯ "linguistic evolution" ƸѲ򸦵椷Ԥ1ͤθŵŪƬ "linguistic change" ǤϤʤ "linguistic evolution" ȤѸ򥿥ȥѤͳˤĤƽҤ٤Ƥ롥

The title of this book ('Linguistic Evolution') was chosen in preference to 'Linguistic Change' although it is about linguistic change. This is because its purpose is to attempt an examination of the large complex of different factors involved, and the title 'Linguistic Change' might have entailed an oversimplification.


Ѳˤʣװʣ˴ͿƤ (multiple causation of language change)ʣ򤢤ޤñ㲽Ƥ "change" ȤưȤ񹳤ȤȤΤ褦ΰѤ³ơSamuels (1) "linguistic evolution" ȤѸ줬򾷤䤹ȤǧƤꡤդ¥Ƥ롥"evolution" ֿ⡤ʡפȤƻŪʴްդĤȤ뤫

Nevertheless 'evolution' is itself open to the misunderstanding that some sort of progress is implied, that a clearer or more effective means of communication has been achieved as a result of it. That meaning of 'evolution' is not intended here. We are not concerned here with the prehistoric origins of human language, and, as has often been pointed out, there is today no such thing as a 'primitive' language, every language is of approximately equal value for the purposes for which it has evolved, whether it belongs to an advanced or a primitive culture.


ǤϡSamuels Τ "linguistic evolution" ȤϤʤΤϡѾ֤ȸߤɽ׵ȤȿΤζѹդݤȤȤͻι⤤֤ȤȤΤ褦

. . . it would appear, on the one hand, that both externally and internally in language development an equilibrium must be maintained between the old and the new, between the inherited forms and the expressive needs of the present; but at the same time, that the margin of tolerance and choice in the maintenance of that equilibrium is probably fairly wide, except, that is, for certain especial points of pressure that vary in each era. It is in that sense that 'evolution' is intended here.


Samuels ˤȤäơʤơߤ¿θʲԤˤȤäơˡ"linguistic evolution" ȤϡѲ˴ؤŪ򼨤ȤϡѲƯŪϳؤؤƤѸǤ롥

Samuels, M. L. Linguistic Evolution with Special Reference to English. London: CUP, 1972.

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