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2016-03-28 Mon

#2527. evolution evolution (1) [evolution][history_of_linguistics][language_change][teleology][language_myth][terminology]

ʪؤˤѸ evolution ƱˡؤǻȤƤ evolution ȤѸΰ̣ˤơֿʲפƤİ뤳ȤοǤ롥McMahon 12 "Linguistic evolution?" Τ褯Ҳ𤷤ƤʤξϤˤĤƤϡ#2260. ʲβ ([2015-07-05-1]) Ǥ⿨ƤΤǻȡˡ
McMahon evolution ˤ3ĤθǧȽҤ٤Ƥ롥ʲϤ Web3 äƤ1ܤ19Ūʥ (pre-Darwinian) 2ܤŪŪ (teleological) ްդä3ܤϸߤʪؾθɽ

(1) Evolution 1 (McMahon 315)

a process of continuous change from a lower, simpler, or worse condition to a higher, more complex, or better state: progressive development.


(2) Evolution 2 (McMahon 325)

A series of related changes in a certain direction.


(3) Evolution 3 (McMahon 334)

the development of a race, species or other group ...: the process by which through a series of changes or steps any living organism or group of organisms has acquired the morphological and physiological characters which distinguish it: the theory that the various types of animals and plants have their origin in other preexisting types, the distinguishable differences being due to modifications in successive generations.


ϡǤŤ (1) ˤĤƹͤƤߤΰ̣Ǥ "evolution" ϡȯۤޤʳŪʳǰɽʪΤ줾μϡˤ¤ (creation) ǤϤʤž (transformation) ФȯƤȤŪʹͤѤƤ뤬ηžθˤĤƤϡֿפפȤäʹּҲβʹѤȿǤΤȤƤ롥19θسǤ̤äͤ󼫿ȤʪʲˤƤΤ褦ʲʹѤޤƤʤĤޤꡤθؼԤʤΤ٤ƤǤϤʤˤϥοʲɸ֤ʤ⡤θؤαѤ˺ݤƤϡ˴Ѥ˴ѤǻȿǤΤǤꡤǤϥθѲѤȤäƤ褤
ΰ̣Ǥ evolution ؼԤɽȤСAugust Schleicher (1821--68) Ǥ롥Schleicher Hegel (1770--1831) αƶϰʲνȯãƤȹͤ (McMahon 320)

a. The physical evolution of man.
b. The evolution of language.
c. History.


a b c ȡֿפƤc ˻äƤޤȡɤͤޤʳǤ뤫顤Τ߽ФʤäơȤϡפʤȤͤǤ롥ޤơߤϤ٤ƤΰӤ򤿤ɤäƤȤΤSchleicher λۤä
ͤ180ٰۤʤ뤬Ʊ褦˲ʹѤ򤳤ƸѲߤΤ Otto Jespersen (1860--1943) Ǥ롥Jespersen ϰˤ٤äŽĤΩ줫顤ޤñ㲽Ρֿפȸ (see #1728. Jespersen θѡ ([2014-01-19-1]), #432. ѲФ뻰Ĥιͤ ([2010-07-03-1]))
#2525. ָѲ롤ס ([2016-03-26-1]) McMahon ѤʸϤǤŦƤȤꡤߡ¿˸ؼԤϡ1ΰ̣Ǥ evolution ȤƤʤΰ̣ϡǤ˸ػŪʤΤȤʤäƤ롥

McMahon, April M. S. Understanding Language Change. Cambridge: CUP, 1994.

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