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be, do, have ʤɤ1ưϤȤ may, must, can, will, shall, ought (to), need, dare, used to ʤɤˡưޤ٤Ƥνưˤϡ̤4Ĥ졦֡Ūħ롥ƬʸȤä NICE features ȾΤ롥Coates (1983: 4) ȤƤ Gramley (186) Ѥ褦
Ndirect Negation (should > shouldn't)
IInversion in questions (I will > Will I?)
CCode or reduced forms (I may go > so may you, i.e. without repeating the main verb go)
EEmphatic affirmation (Must we run? Yes, we múst)
ŪˤϤۤˤ⡤Ūʽưϸ to ʤȤħ⤢롥
Ūˤ¿may, can, will, shall ϡѲƤȤ (cf. #66. ư ([2009-07-03-1])ˡޤ졤ʬ졤ʬη֤礤Ƥ롥
̣Ūˤ¿¿ͤǤϤ뤬üԤ٤Ƚǡ modality ˴ؤΤ¿
Gramley, Stephan. The History of English: An Introduction. Abingdon: Routledge, 2012.
Coates, J. The Semantics of the Modal Auxiliaries. London: Croom Helm, 1983.
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