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2020-09-11 Fri

#4155. ͥɥȡˤȥȥ˥ߡʴȡ [synecdoche][metonymy][rhetoric][semantics][semantic_change][cognitive_linguistics][terminology]

ɸ2ĤΡָդΤפ뤤ϰ̣βϡ褵ޤޤ졤ƤФкƱƤ
ؿԡǧθإɻŵ٤ˤȡȡפ륷ͥɥ (synecdoche) ϡ޴طȼδطˤ˴Ťžʰ̣Υˤǡ̳ǰDz̳ǰؤꡤ̳ǰǾ̳ǰؤΤ (238) Ȥ롥ŵȤơʲΤ褦ʤΤ롥

ָ˹Ԥä
򤤤ߤäƤ
Ƭ򤤤ΩäƤ
John would have a drink with his wife.

դϲǤ
ŹǤ⤦
One has to earn one's bread.

ͥɥȤϲʬä褦ʵΤΡȡִȡפȥ˥ߡ (metonymy) Ȥζ̤Ǥ롥ºݡξԤϤФкƱƤƱŵ (239) ꡤζ̤ˤĤƲ⤷ƤսѤ褦

ȤϡΤʬδطӤȡȼδطӤ˴ؤơ˾塤Фк𤬸졤롼צ (Le groupe 1970) ʤɤϡΤʬδط (a part of whole)Ӥȡȼδط (a kind of class)Ӥ̤ˤ⤫餺ξԤȤȤư礷ƤޤäԸؤȽդޤơƣ (1978[1992]) ϡϢθǡΤʬδطӤȤڤΥƴȤȤȼδطӤ˴ŤȤȤȰͤ򼨤ºݡȤϡ A ʬ a δطˤơʬ a A ΰǤäơa A ˤϤʤʤ㤨СֲդΤȤ˴򸫤˹ԤפȸȤʬȤƤΡִפΤȤƤΡֿʹ֡פؤִפϡ켫ΤǤϡֿʹ֡פǤϤʤФȤϡ̳ǰ B Ȳ̳ǰ b δطˤơb ϡǤ1Ĥ B ˤ롥㤨СֵŹǤפˤơ֤פְʪפؤȤ֤פ⡤켫ΡְʪפǤäơǡΤʬδطȡȼδطϡܼŪ˰ۤʤ롥鸫Ƥ⡤ΤʬδطӤ˴ŤȤȤȤȼδطӤ˴ŤȤȤȤξԤ̤뤳ȤϡʤΤȸäƤ褤


ˡͤ򻲾Ȥ#2191. ȥåΤޤȤ ([2015-04-27-1]) ǾҲ𤷤ͥɥȥȥ˥ߡȻ󤲤褦

̾̾
ͥɥ (synecdoche)ŷפǡ֤ŷפ̣礬褦ˡȼδ֤δطˤȤŤựϰϤ򿭽̤ɽˡǮ롥ƤĻָ˹Ԥ
ȥ˥ߡ (metonymy)֤פ֤פؤ褦ˡǤΤΤȤΤܴطˤȤŤƻؼ򲣤٤ꤵɽˡ餬Ѥ롥ձΤ椯̬Ȼ


ʾꡤͥɥȼδطȥ˥ߡΤʬδطޤ๭ܴطɽ魯򤹤뤳ȤǤ롥
ؿѸؼŵ (1221) synecdoche ιܤߤƤߤȡͻҤۤʤ롥

synecdoche ʢ Gk sunekdokhḗ receiving together) ̽͡ȡˡ (METONYMY) ΰʬޤüʤΤ򼨤ˤäΤޤϰŪʤΤɽ魯ȡʬΤɽ魯Ȥä part for whole, L pars prō tōtō ȤȤ롥blade (= sword), hand (= workman), rhyme (= poetry), roof (= house), sail (= ship), seven summers (= seven years)


Ǥϥͥɥϥȥ˥ߡΰȤȤˤʤäƤꡤԤΤʬδطɽ魯ȤؿѸؼŵ (1221) ΰѤ򤵤³褦

ߤϼ˾嵭ΰ̣ѤƤ뤬ϤäȹǰͭƤѸǡM. Joseph (1947a) ϥꥶ٥īγǰȤƾҤΤΰʳ˼Τ褦ʤΤ򤢤Ƥ롥(a) Τʬؤ (whole for part, L tōtum prō parte): creature (= man). (b) 郎°ɽ魯 (species for genus): our daily bread (= food); gold (= wealth). (c) Τʬʬɽʬɽ (L merismus, partītiō): They first undermined the ground-sills, they beat down the walls, they unfloored the lofts---Puttenham (= A house was outrageously plucked down). (d) ʤɽ魯: the marble (= the statue of marble). (e) ̾ǸĿͤؤ (antonomasia): the Bard (= Shakespeare). (f) ¾ʪʪʪǶʪɽ魯ɽȤȤߤʤȤǤ褦ά͡


ࡤޤǥͥɥ礷Ʋ᤹ȡȥ˥ߡΤΤˤʤäƤޤǤϤʤ
Ǹ McArthur (1014) synecdoche ߤƤ

In rhetoric, a figure of speech concerned with parts and wholes: (1) Where the part represents the whole: 'a hundred head of cattle' (each animal identified by head alone); 'All hands on deck' (the members of a ship's crew represented by their hands alone). (2) Where the whole represents the part: 'England lost to Australia in the last Test Match' (the countries standing for the teams representing them and taking a plural verb).


ؿѸؼŵ٤Ʊ͡ΤʬδطܤȤͿƤ롥¤Ͽ

סԡˡؿԡǧθإɻŵ١ҡ2013ǯ
ƣ ס 졤 硡إȥåŵ١罤ۡ2006ǯ
졡ܸΥȥå١ȽŹҴȥ˥ӡ2002ǯ
⿮ ʸͺʴƽˡؿѸؼŵ١ҡ1982ǯ
Joseph, Sister Miriam, C. S. C. Shakespeare's Use of the Arts of Language. New York: Columbia UP, 1947.
McArthur, Tom, ed. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

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