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̾ץȡ (name_project) ȤδϢǡѸˤγƻоݤˤ̾ (name-study, or onomastics) ؤǤ롥ܲ̾ (personal_name) ˴ؿƤ뤬ˤäƿ̾ΤѤΤǡ˱ѸۤʤäƤ롥 Clark (456) ȤơűѸο̾ؤˤƻȤѸηϤǧƤ
Early Germanic custom required that each individual should have single, distinctive name . . . . The system was therefore geared to constant provision of fresh forms. For students of it, the first problem is one of terminology: in this context, 'forename' and 'first-name' become meaningless, 'baptismal name' and the artificial 'font-name' are both inapplicable to pagan tradition, and 'Christian name', as well as also being inapplicable, will later be needed for a different sense. The term 'personal name' favoured for this purpose by some scholars is over-general, because 'by-names' and family-names are no less 'personal'. For convenience, the terminology adopted here will be knowingly inconsistent: simply to distinguish anthroponym from toponym, 'personal name' will be used, but where greater precision is needed the technical term 'idionym' will be brought in. A supplementary name of whatsoever kind --- genealogical, honorific, occupational, locative or characteristics --- collocated with an idionym will be called a 'by-name' . . . . The term 'nickname' will denote any characterising terms whether used as by-name or as idionym . . . .
ͤ̾ŵŪˡָ̾פȤ٤ idionym Τߤʤ롥αѸܸ̾̾Τ褦ˡ̾2फʤΤǤϤʤäơfirst-name last-name Τ褦Ѹޤʤޤꥹȶ̾˰Τ baptismal name ʤɤθƾΤŬʤ
űѸο̾ŵŪ idionym 1फʤȤϤ⤦1Ĥ̾ǤǤդդ⤢롥ؤΤ by-name ȤѸ줬Ƴ롥by-name ˤϡοʪβȷϡȡサϡʡħΤʤ͡ʼब롥
ޤȤСűѸ̾ΥեޥåȤϡidionym (+ by-name)פȤȤˤʤ롥
Clark, Cecily. "Onomastics." The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 1. Ed. Richard M. Hogg. Cambridge: CUP, 1992. 452--89.
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