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2010-07-01 Thu

#430. Ѳ˳װ [language_change][sociolinguistics][icelandic][old_norse][speed_of_change]

ѲϤۤȤɤξ硤ͰŪ椬ʤȤˤϼ˵äƤޤΤǤ롥ֻפѴʤɡ͡ռŪ˸褦Ȥ⤢뤬ɬ⤦ޤʤȤ¿Keller Τ褦ˡġοʹ֤ϸʤȤƤҲΤȤʤäƸѲ⤿餷Ƥ뤳ȤϳΤǤ롥ơѲε䤹ʹ®٤⡤ҲˤäѲȹͤ롥
ѸѲФƤȻפϥꥹ濴ȤѸҲŪư¿Ҳäȸ롥ꥹϴ¿ꡤ͸ȤؤΦʸۼ⳰ӽФȤʤä¿η㤷ҲưФǤ뤫顤θ礭㤷ѤꤹȤΤ򤷤䤹
ȤȿФˡ̤˼ҲưʤȸѲ⾯ʤȹͤ롥ǤϸѲ˳װͤƤߤʲϡBrinton and Arnovick (16) ˵󤲤ƤװǤ롥

geographic isolation, which protects a language from foreign influence;
separation from the mother tongue, which leads to conservatism on the part of speakers who are reluctant to depart from tradition;
political and social stability, which eliminates the need for linguistic change to meet changing social conditions;
attitudes of ethnic and linguistic purism, which encourage the vigilance of speakers of a language against external influences and internal change; and
a strong written tradition.


Brinton and Arnovick Ϥ¾˸Ū侩 mass communication Ѳ˳װǤȤƤ롥ˡpurism written tradition Ȥ⿼ط뤬ڡä˸춵ڤ⵬ϼ ( prescriptivism ) ¥ʤ뤿ᡤѲ˳װΰĤȹͤ
ơװ¿碌ļҲŵ Iceland 롥Iceland äƤ Modern Icelandic ϡOld Icelandic λ夫Ū礭ѲƤʤ ( see [2010-04-20-1] ) ä˽񤭸դ˴ؤ¤ꡤѲ϶ϾǤ롥ϡIceland (1) Ū˸ΩƤꡤ(2) Scandinavia θϤ󤯳֤äƤ뤳ȤˤݼŪǤꡤ(3) ҲŪ˰ꤷƤꡤ(4) ѸѤ򤹤붯äƤꡤ(5) 11Ĺ񤭸դͭƤ뤳Ȥˤȹͤ롥
ǡѸ줬Ūû֤δ֤ѲűѸѸΥꥹҲͤƤߤ褦Ǥϡ(1)(2) ʤΦȤδطΩƤ ( see [2009-10-03-1] ) षΦΥ󥰡ʥޥɤƱ˦ˤΥޥͤȷ㤷ܿƤޤ(3) ˤưҲǤꡤ(4) ̱²ˤꤽ⤽ǤƤǤϤʤ(5) ΥޥͤΥե󥹸줬񤭸դɸȤʤäˡѸν񤭸դϤܼۤ줿Ѳ˳װڸʤΤǤ롥
ǤϡѸϤɤglobalisation ҲβưȤ¦̤ͤСѸǤϸѲ㤷Ȥǽͽۤ롥ǡޥǥδ䶵ڤȤ¦̤ͤȡѲ˳ȤǽͽۤǤ롥Ѳ¥ʺޤޤɤΤ褦ƯƤäȸäƤ

Keller, Rudi. On Language Change: The Invisible Hand in Language. Trans. Brigitte Nerlich. London and New York: Routledge, 1994.
Brinton, Laurel J. and Leslie K. Arnovick. The English Language: A Linguistic History. Oxford: OUP, 2006.

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