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2011-07-04 Mon

#798. the powers that be [be][conjugation][paradigm]

ѸǺǤԵ§ʶޤ򼨤ưϲϡbe ưǤ롥Τ˸ѸΤ٤ƤưϿ;Ρˡˤޤ뤬ʬϵ§Ū˶ޤ뤷Ե§ʶޤ򼨤ΤǤ顤ۤʤ޷ˤμϺǤ4ĤǤ ( ex. have, has, had ) Ȥbe ˴ؤƤϡ˸¤äƤ is, am, are, was, were 5޷̤롥ˤ3;ñʳθ߷Ȱۤʤ޷ĤΤ⡤be ưΤߤǤ롥Ǥ٤ι⤤ưǤꡤϢ (copula) ȤüʵǽôưʤĽưˤǤ⤢Τǡbe Ūˤ㳰ŪԵ§Ǥ뤳ȤԻ׵ĤǤϤʤ
Ѹ̤Сbe ưζޤˤѰۤʲϡBurrow and Turville-Petre (36--37) ˵󤲤ƤѸ2 be ζɽǤ롥줾 (Ancrene Wisse) (Gawain) ΥѥǤ롥


Acnrene WisseGawain
infinitivebeonbe, bene
present indicative
sg. 1am, beoam
sg. 2art, bistart
sg. 3is, biðis, betz
pl.beoðar(n), ben
present subjunctive
sg.beobe
pl.beonbe(n)
past indicative
sg.1weswatz, was
sg. 2werewatz, were
sg. 3weswatz, was
pl.werenwer(en)
past subjunctive
sg.werewer(e)
pl.werenwer(e), wern
past participleibeonben(e)


ܤΤϡľˡʣ are ֤ ben äȤȤǤ롥ϸ be ѸɽȤƤϲŪɽ the powers that be ˺פȤɤƤ롥 be ľˡʣ are ѤǤꡤưȤ "exist, be present" ۤɤΰդôΤȤơָϼԡɡ (the authorities) ̣봷ɽȤʤäƤ뤬ĤƤ be ưݻ뵮ŤʸŪ饫󥹤Ȥ褦
ʤߤˡɽϤФСɡפŪˤȤ館ʸ̮Ѥ졤"There is no mutual understanding between the people and the powers that be." ΤȤѤ롥OALD8 COBUILD English Dictionary 򼨤

OALD8: (often ironic) the people who control an organization, a country, etc

COBUILD English Dictionary: You can refer to people in authority as the powers that be, especially when you want to say that you disagree with them or do not understand what they say or do.


Burrow, J. A. and Thorlac Turville-Petre, eds. A Book of Middle English. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005.

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