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(productivity) ˤĤƤϡproductivity γƵˤƤǤϡɤΤ褦뤫ɤΤ褦¬ꤹ뤫ϡˤǤȽҤ٤ˤȤɤޤäϡˤ⤦Ƨ߹ߤ
ޤϡLieber (61) ˤ롤"productive" "unproductive" ˤ褦
Processes of lexeme formation that can be used by native speakers to form new lexemes are called productive. Those that can no longer be used by native speakers, are unproductive; so although we might recognize the -th in warmth as a suffix, we never make use of it in making new words. The suffixes -ity and -ness, on the other hand, can still be used, although perhaps not to the same degree.
ˤꡤλؤƤ복ǰľŪǤ뤬Ū褦ȤȤʤʤ˴ͿװȤƤϡ3ͤ (Lieber 61--64)
(1) transparency: Ọ̇̄ƩݤƤꡤΤܼΤ˶̤ productive Ǥ롥㤨Сcandidness crudity ˤơ줾־ candid + -ness, crude + -ity ΤǤǤʤΰ̣Τܼʡ?Ǥ֡סˤν (compositional) ȤƲǤ롥ǡ-ness -ity ѤƩ٤⤤ȸ롥
-ity -ness ٤Ʃ٤㤤1Ĥˤϡrusticity ˤơֻ rustic + -ity ƩŪʬϤ뤬ȯϴΤκǸλҲ /k/ /s/ ѲƤꡤʬƩ㤯ʤ롥̤Ǥϡtimid ζ1timidity ζϴΤ2ذưƤꡤƩ㤯ʤäƤ롥ˡoddity ϡodd + -ity ưפȤꡤƩŪˡְ۾Ǥ뤳ȡפ̣Τߤʤ餺ѿ͡פ̣롥ԤθˤĤƤϡͽ¬ǽʡƩˤ㤤ȤߤʤȤǤ롥Ǹˡdexterity ǤϡΤȤ *dexter ͽۤȤϼºݤˤ¸ߤʤΤǤ롥ǤϡƩݤƤʤ
oddity ѿ͡ˤǿ줿̣ͽ¬ԡ˲ǽȤɸϡ줬 mental lexicon ϿƤ뤫ɤȤꡤò (lexicalization) ˴Ϣ롥ξ硤ְ۾Ǥ뤳ȡפθǤ oddity ϸòƤʤѿ͡פΰ̣Ǥoddity ϸòƤȤȤˤʤ롥äơƩ⤤ۤɸòˤƩ㤤ۤɸò䤹ȤطΩġ
(2) frequency of base type: ܼղäΤοϰϤ礭礭ۤɡθŪǤȤߤʤȤǤ롥 -esque ?Ρˤ̾ղä뤬ȤƸͭ̾˸ꤵ롥ñδΤˤղäˤȤ⤢뤿ᡤɤ̾ˤղä٤СΤϰϤʬ㤤ȤȤˤʤ롥[2009-11-29-1]ε#216. ̾ƻ -esque ħפȡ
(3) usefulness: ͭQŪˡ٤ƤηƻˤĤб̾줬뤳ȤͭѤǤꡤǤȹͤ롥ξ硤ƻ̾첽 -ness, -ity ͭѤǤꡤŪǤȤȤˤʤ롥ȿФˡɽ魯 -ess ϡѻߤμҲŪĬˤͭƤƤꡤʬ㤯ʤäƤƤȹͤ롥
ϡʤȤ⤳3˴Ťɬפ롥
Ѳ̣Ѳˤä (1) ääʤɤˤä (2) ҲŪʲʹѤѲˤä (3) ƶȤȤͤȡޤ̻ŪѲ˻ƤȤȤ餫
Lieber, Rochelle. Introducing Morphology. Cambridge: CUP, 2010.
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