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2011-11-18 Fri

#935. (1) [productivity][morphology][word_formation][affix][frequency][mental_lexicon]

(productivity) ˤĤƤϡproductivity γƵˤƤǤϡɤΤ褦뤫ɤΤ褦¬ꤹ뤫ϡˤǤȽҤ٤ˤȤɤޤäϡˤ⤦Ƨ߹ߤ
ޤϡLieber (61) ˤ롤"productive" "unproductive" ˤ󤲤褦

Processes of lexeme formation that can be used by native speakers to form new lexemes are called productive. Those that can no longer be used by native speakers, are unproductive; so although we might recognize the -th in warmth as a suffix, we never make use of it in making new words. The suffixes -ity and -ness, on the other hand, can still be used, although perhaps not to the same degree.


ˤꡤλؤƤ복ǰľŪǤ뤬Ū褦ȤȤʤʤ񤷤˴ͿװȤƤϡ3ͤ (Lieber 61--64)

(1) transparency: Ọ̇̄ƩݤƤꡤΤܼΤ˶̤ productive Ǥ롥㤨Сcandidness crudity ˤơ줾־ candid + -ness, crude + -ity ΤǤǤʤΰ̣Τܼʡ?Ǥ֡סˤν (compositional) ȤƲǤ롥ǡ-ness -ity ѤƩ٤⤤ȸ롥
-ity -ness ٤Ʃ٤㤤1Ĥˤϡrusticity ˤơֻ rustic + -ity ƩŪʬϤ뤬ȯϴΤκǸλҲ /k/ /s/ ѲƤꡤʬƩ㤯ʤ롥̤Ǥϡtimid ζ1timidity ζϴΤ2ذưƤꡤƩ㤯ʤäƤ롥ˡoddity ϡodd + -ity ưפȤꡤƩŪˡְ۾Ǥ뤳ȡפ̣Τߤʤ餺ѿ͡פ̣롥ԤθˤĤƤϡͽ¬ǽʡƩˤ㤤ȤߤʤȤǤ롥Ǹˡdexterity ǤϡΤȤ *dexter ͽۤȤϼºݤˤ¸ߤʤΤǤ롥ǤϡƩݤƤʤ
oddity ѿ͡ˤǿ줿̣ͽ¬ԡ˲ǽȤɸϡ줬 mental lexicon ϿƤ뤫ɤȤꡤò (lexicalization) ˴Ϣ롥ξ硤ְ۾Ǥ뤳ȡפθǤ oddity ϸòƤʤѿ͡פΰ̣Ǥoddity ϸòƤȤȤˤʤ롥äơƩ⤤ۤɸòˤƩ㤤ۤɸò䤹ȤطΩġ

(2) frequency of base type: ܼղäΤοϰϤ礭礭ۤɡθŪǤȤߤʤȤǤ롥 -esque ?Ρˤ̾ղä뤬ȤƸͭ̾˸ꤵ롥ñδΤˤղäˤȤ⤢뤿ᡤɤ̾ˤղä٤СΤϰϤʬ㤤ȤȤˤʤ롥[2009-11-29-1]ε#216. ̾ƻ -esque ħפ򻲾ȡ

(3) usefulness: ͭQŪˡ٤ƤηƻˤĤб̾줬뤳ȤͭѤǤꡤǤȹͤ롥ξ硤ƻ̾첽 -ness, -ity ͭѤǤꡤŪǤȤȤˤʤ롥ȿФˡɽ魯 -ess ϡѻߤμҲŪĬˤͭƤƤꡤʬ㤯ʤäƤƤȹͤ롥

ϡʤȤ⤳3˴Ťɬפ롥
Ѳ̣Ѳˤä (1) ääʤɤˤä (2) ҲŪʲʹѤѲˤä (3) ƶȤȤͤȡޤ̻ŪѲ˻ƤȤȤ餫

Lieber, Rochelle. Introducing Morphology. Cambridge: CUP, 2010.

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