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2011-12-11 Sun

#958. 19Ⱦ³Ƚи͹ [artificial_language][esperanto]

ѸܸʤɤμȯФơտŪ߷פ줿͹ (artificial language) ȤΤ롥[2009-05-09-1]ε#10. Ͽ͹פǿ줿̤ꡤ͹ȤƾΤ꤬ʤ櫓ǤϤʤѤƤѸǤ롥 (auxiliary language) ȤѸ줬Ѥ뤳Ȥ⤢뤬ΤΤ褦ˡѸʤɤμ줬ݥߥ˥ΤŪ˻ѤƤ¤ꡤθƾΤϤǤ롥Ǥϡ깭ή̤Ƥ͹ȤѸѤ롥
ۤʤüԤɤδ֤ǥߥ˥Ȥ뤿ζ̸ (lingua franca) ȤơŪʸ᤹פ켫ΤϡΤǤϸŵ夫鸫줿ߤޤǤ˿ɴˤΤܤ͹줬ƤƤȤä͹ɵ᤬ܳŪ˻ϤޤäΤϡοͤõۤʤʸؤܤϤ᤿17ΤȤȤäƤ褤λϡlingua franca ȤƤΥƥ줬षϤ᤿Ǥ⤢롥Francis Bacon (1561--1626), René Descartes (1596--1650), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646--1716) ʤɤůŪʵηϤȤƤο͹ƤϥäλߤϡǤϤʤůؤ˴Ťۼθ졤拾ԥ塼פ碌¤Ǥꡤa priori ʿ͹ȸƤ֤ȤǤ롥
17˻Ϥޤä͹Ǯϡ18ȾˤϤäƤŪʸιۤϡ18Ⱦ̱²ιޤȿ㤷ơФˤʤäƤäΤǤ롥Ƥӿ͹ǮޤäΤϡ19κǸλȾǤ롥٤ϡ¸μʻ¾夹٤ΤθˤϤ a posteriori ʿ͹줬͡ʷǺꤵ줿Ǯطʤˤϡݥߥ˥ɬȤ٤ʤۤƤȡѸʤɤ줬ݶ̸ȤʤݱʤŪʿʤɤääơѸȤѸ˾μפȡ19Ⱦ͹ǮȤϡ̵طǤϤʤ
Ǥͭ̾ǡǤ͹ڥȸ (Esperanto) ʳˤ¿ο͹줬ƤƤCrystal (355) 顤ΰǯ̤¤٤褦פʤΤˤĤƤϡֻǼǮι⤵狼
뤬1ϡ̱²ιޤȤȤˡƤӿ͹ؤǮƤäơ¤ξˡѸȤ줬̸ؤƻҤ뤳ȤȤʤäΤǤ롥

DateLanguageInventorComment
1880Volapük ("World Language")Johann Martin Schleyer8 vowels, 20 consonants; based largely on English and German.
1887Esperanto ("Lingvo Internacia")Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof5 vowels, 23 consonants, mainly West European lexicon; Slavonic influence on syntax and spelling.
1902Idiom NeutralV. K. RosenbergerA former supporter of Volapük; strongly influenced by Romance.
1903Latino Sine Flexione (Interlingua)Giuseppe PeanoLatin without inflections; vocabulary mainly from Latin words.
1904Perio  
1905Lingua Internacional  
1906Ekselsioro  
1906Ulla  
1906Mondlingvo  
1907Lingwo Internaciona (Antido)  
1907IdoLouis de Beaufront or Louis CouturatA modified version of Esperanto (the name means "derived from" in Esperanto).
1908Mez-Voio  
1908Romanizat  
1909Romanal  
1911Latin-Esperanto  
1914Europeo  
1915Nepo  
1921Hom Idyomo  
1922OccidentalEdgar von WahlDevised for the western world only; largely based on Romance.
1923Espido  
1928NovialOtto JespersenMainly Ido vocabulary and Occidental grammar. Novial = New + International Auxiliary Language.
1937Néo  
1943InterglossaLancelot HogbenPublished only in draft form.
1951InterlinguaInternational Auxiliary Language AssociationA Romance-based grammar, with a standardized vocabulary based on the main Western European languages.
1955Esperantuisho  
1956Globaqo  
1958Modern Esperanto  
1960Delmondo  
1962Utoki  
1972Eurolengo  
1981GlosaW. Ashby and R. ClarkA modified version of Interglossa. Contains a basic 1,000-word vocabulary, derived from Latin and Greek roots.
1986Uropi  


Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 1997. 199--205.

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